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Revisiting the phylogeny of royal ferns (Osmundales) through the lens of character dependence and restudied fossil taxa questions existing family and subfamily concepts.
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12602
María José Urrea, Agustina Yañez, Jorge R Flores
{"title":"Revisiting the phylogeny of royal ferns (Osmundales) through the lens of character dependence and restudied fossil taxa questions existing family and subfamily concepts.","authors":"María José Urrea, Agustina Yañez, Jorge R Flores","doi":"10.1111/cla.12602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The royal ferns (Osmundales) are a morphologically diverse group of leptosporangiate ferns, the fossil record of which dates back to the Permian. Despite there being numerous described permineralized species, the phylogenetic relationships between extinct species remain contentious. Although several analytical approaches have been applied to infer well-resolved phylogenetic hypotheses-even methods that are arguably conceived to be better at dealing with data conflict and uncertainty, many taxa have not been assigned to specific taxonomic categories. Here, we evaluate the phylogenetic affinities in Osmundales by reanalysing a dataset comprising an extensive taxon sampling of fossil Osmundalean rhizomes. The impact of both character dependence and weighting characters against homoplasy on the inferred topologies is also evaluated. Our analyses cast doubts on the monophyly of Osmundaceae and Guaireaceae. Subfamily Itopsidemoideae was rendered monophyletic when inferences were conducted by considering character dependence and downweighting characters. The subfamily Osmundoideae was retrieved monophyletic only under one concavity value and using character dependence while the remaining subfamilies included fossils with uncertain affinities within Osmundales. The position of Osmundacaulis, for instance, was recovered as a sister taxon to guaireoid fossils. To recover the monophyly of the categories below the subfamily level, incorporating character dependence and/or weighting against homoplasy was necessary. Consistent with previous studies, multiple taxa were unstable, leaving their phylogenetic affinities unclear. Our analyses underline the impact of accounting for both character dependence and weighting against homoplasy, especially when considering the contribution of missing data to observed homoplasy. Ultimately, these considerations yield markedly different topologies that imply contrasting classification schemes, highlighting the complexity inherent in resolving the evolutionary history of royal ferns.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[genus]_[species]; Presenting phylogenies to facilitate synthesis. [属]_[种];介绍系统发育以促进综合。
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12601
Douglas Chesters, Silas Bossert, Michael C Orr
{"title":"[genus]_[species]; Presenting phylogenies to facilitate synthesis.","authors":"Douglas Chesters, Silas Bossert, Michael C Orr","doi":"10.1111/cla.12601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each published phylogeny is a potential contribution to the synthesis of the Tree of Life and countless downstream projects. Steps are needed for fully synthesizable science, but only a minority of studies achieve these. We here review the range of phylogenetic presentation and note aspects that hinder further analysis. We provide simple suggestions on publication that would greatly enhance utilizability, and propose a formal grammar for phylogeny terminal format. We suggest that each published phylogeny should be accompanied by at minimum the single preferred result in machine readable tree (e.g. Newick) form in the supplement, a simple task fulfilled by fewer than half of studies. Further, the tree should be clear from the file name and extension; the orientation (rooted or unrooted) should match the figures; terminals labels should include genus and species IDs; underscores should separate strings within-field (instead of white spaces); and if other informational fields are added these should be separated by a unique delimiting character (we suggest multiple underscores or the vertical pipe character, |) and ordered consistently. These requirements are largely independent of phylogenetic study aims, while we note other requirements for synthesis (e.g. removal of species repeats and uninformative terminals) that are not necessarily the responsibility of authors. Machine readable trees show greater variation in terminal formatting than typical phylogeny images (owing presumably to greater scrutiny of the latter), and thus are complex and laborious to parse. Since the majority of existing studies have provided only images, we additionally review typical variation in plotting style, information that will be necessary for developing the automated phylogeny transcription tools needed for their eventual inclusion in the Tree of Life.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Body size and evolutionary rate analyses reveal complex evolutionary history of Alvarezsauria.
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12600
Jorge Gustavo Meso, Diego Pol, Luis Chiappe, Zichuan Qin, Ignacio Díaz-Martínez, Federico Gianechini, Sebastián Apesteguía, Peter J Makovicky, Michael Pittman
{"title":"Body size and evolutionary rate analyses reveal complex evolutionary history of Alvarezsauria.","authors":"Jorge Gustavo Meso, Diego Pol, Luis Chiappe, Zichuan Qin, Ignacio Díaz-Martínez, Federico Gianechini, Sebastián Apesteguía, Peter J Makovicky, Michael Pittman","doi":"10.1111/cla.12600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some of the smallest examples of dinosaurian body size are from alvarezsaurians, an enigmatic group of maniraptoran coelurosaurians with a peculiar combination of anatomical features unique among theropods. Despite the large number of alvarezsaurian species described worldwide and the increased understanding this has provided, the body-size macroevolution of alvarezsaurians has received little attention. Here we reconstruct and analyse directional trends of alvarezsaurian body-size evolution through an integrated analysis of body mass, ontogenetic age, and morphological rate data enabled by a comprehensively revised phylogeny. Our analyses identify four periods of high morphological rate evolution (Bathonian-Callovian, Hauterivian-early Berriasian, early Cenomanian, and late Cenomanian-Turonian) that we link to the key effects of animal body-size changes for the first time, including morphological novelty, structural reduction and simplification, elevated homoplasy, and behavioral changes associated with miniaturization. In doing so, this study provides a holistic example of miniaturization in a Mesozoic vertebrate group that offers a framework for other detailed studies of animal body-size evolution, including in more disparate groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incomplete barriers to heterospecific mating among Somatochlora species (Odonata: Corduliidae) as revealed in multi-gene phylogenies 多基因系统发育揭示的 Somatochlora 物种间异种交配的不完全障碍(Odonata: Corduliidae)。
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12599
Jordy Hernandez, Anthony I. Cognato
{"title":"Incomplete barriers to heterospecific mating among Somatochlora species (Odonata: Corduliidae) as revealed in multi-gene phylogenies","authors":"Jordy Hernandez,&nbsp;Anthony I. Cognato","doi":"10.1111/cla.12599","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12599","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mating between species occurs within many insect orders. The result of heterospecific mating depends upon the effectiveness of pre- and post-reproductive barriers. Incomplete reproductive barriers lead to introgression of DNA into one species or both. Intricate genital morphology among dragonflies provides little assurance of species specificity given that heterospecific mating or mating attempts have been observed among many species. The genetic consequence is unknown for many heterospecific matings. For example, <i>Somatochlora</i> species mating and genetic exchange have been hypothesized based on observational records and individuals with hybrid morphology. We investigate the potential of heterospecific mating between North American <i>Somatochlora</i> species as inferred from multi-gene phylogenies. We used mitochondrial genes (<i>COI</i> and <i>ND3</i>) and nuclear genes (<i>EF1-α</i> and <i>ITS2</i>) to construct phylogenies using maximum parsimony. Observation of non-monophyletic mtDNA lineages but monophyletic nDNA lineages between <i>Somatochlora</i> sister-species would indicate mtDNA introgression and suggest heterospecific matings. Our results highlighted three instances of non-monophyly of mtDNA clades in the following groups: (i) <i>S. hineana</i> + <i>S. tenebrosa</i>; (ii) <i>S. kennedyi</i> + <i>S. forcipata</i> + <i>S. franklini</i>; and (iii) <i>S. calverti</i> + <i>S. provocan</i>s + <i>S. filosa</i>. Analysis of partitioned Bremer support indicates that mtDNA <i>COI</i> largely contributed to the non-monophyly of these species, thus suggesting mtDNA introgression resulting from heterospecific matings. Additionally, the topology resulting from the combined data analysis was concordant with previous taxonomic understanding of <i>Somatochlora</i> species groups. These multi-gene phylogenies of North American <i>Somatochlora</i> are the first, providing a foundation for future ecological and evolution studies and knowledge for effective decision-making and public policy, which is especially important for the endangered species, <i>S. hineana</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"40 6","pages":"598-617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cla.12599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rethinking spatial history: envisioning a mechanistic historical biogeography 重新思考空间历史:设想一种机制化的历史生物地理学。
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12598
Eduardo D. Schultz, Joel Cracraft
{"title":"Rethinking spatial history: envisioning a mechanistic historical biogeography","authors":"Eduardo D. Schultz,&nbsp;Joel Cracraft","doi":"10.1111/cla.12598","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12598","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Historical biogeography is the study of geographic distributions of taxa through space and time. Over the last 50 years, several methods have been proposed to reconstruct these histories. However, despite their particularities, conceptually they have been most often derived from the reconstruction of area relationships. Here we advocate that area cladograms lack explanatory power and that biogeography needs to move towards a more mechanistic approach. We discuss the ontological problems related to areas of endemism and their validity as biogeographic units. Specifically, we propose that areas of endemism are not discrete historical entities and that area-based analyses are inappropriate for analytical biogeography. Instead, we suggest that biogeographic analyses should focus on those spatial–geographic elements that cause diversification, namely barriers. We discuss how barriers have more discrete boundaries in space and time than do areas of endemism, which allows the identification of homologous units and the recovery of vicariant events. Reconstructing the history of vicariant events results in a better understanding of spatial evolution within a biota because barrier formation is the relevant causal mechanism of diversification. We end by acknowledging the largely ignored views of Peter Hovenkamp and his conceptual contributions to developing a mechanistic biogeography.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"40 6","pages":"653-662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robust phylogenomics settles controversies of classification and reveals evolution of male embolic complex of the Laufeia clade (Araneae, Salticidae, Euophryini) 强大的系统发生组学解决了分类上的争议,并揭示了Laufeia科雄性栓皮复合体的进化过程(鹤形目,蝾螈科,Euophryini)。
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12597
Kun Yu, Feng Zhang, Yaozhuo Wang, Wayne P. Maddison, Junxia Zhang
{"title":"Robust phylogenomics settles controversies of classification and reveals evolution of male embolic complex of the Laufeia clade (Araneae, Salticidae, Euophryini)","authors":"Kun Yu,&nbsp;Feng Zhang,&nbsp;Yaozhuo Wang,&nbsp;Wayne P. Maddison,&nbsp;Junxia Zhang","doi":"10.1111/cla.12597","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>Laufeia</i> clade is a peculiar lineage of euophryine jumping spiders showing rapid divergence of male genital structures, especially the embolic complex that directly interacts with female genitalia during sperm transfer. With the rapid growth of species discovery and the perplexing morphology of male genitalia in the <i>Laufeia</i> clade, the controversy in its classification has become a crucial problem. In this study, we applied a phylogenomic approach using ultra-conserved elements data to infer the phylogeny of the <i>Laufeia</i> clade with extensive taxon sampling. A comparative morphological study was performed to evaluate diagnostic characters and understand the evolution of the male embolic complex within the <i>Laufeia</i> clade. The evolution of microhabitats (foliage, tree trunk, rock and surface litter) was also investigated to uncover the potential link between the microhabitat shifts and male embolic complex divergence. The results provide a strongly supported phylogenetic framework and updated generic concepts for the <i>Laufeia</i> clade. The synapomorphies for the updated genera within the <i>Laufeia</i> clade were identified through character mapping on the phylogeny. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses revealed that the Type I embolic complex (characterized by a disc-like embolic disc with a lamina as its outer edge) was ancestral and gradually evolved into the Type II (without lamina of embolic disc, base of embolic complex often modified into a functional “conductor”) and Type III (lacking lamina of embolic disc and base of embolic complex) embolic complex, and that some embolic shapes evolved multiple times independently in different lineages of the <i>Laufeia</i> clade. The shift from foliage-dwelling to tree trunk-dwelling in the common ancestor of the <i>Laufeia</i> clade may have facilitated the divergent evolution of male embolic complex in the <i>Laufeia</i> clade. This study provides a solid foundation for future studies of systematics and evolution of this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"40 6","pages":"618-635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plant species diversification in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains region: an example from an endemic lineage of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) in the role of floral specializations and rapid range expansions 喜马拉雅-横断山脉地区的植物物种多样性:以花卉特化和快速分布区扩张作用下的一种特有的兜兰科植物为例
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12596
Rong Liu, Wei-Jia Wang, Hong Wang, Richard H. Ree, De-Zhu Li, Wen-Bin Yu
{"title":"Plant species diversification in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains region: an example from an endemic lineage of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) in the role of floral specializations and rapid range expansions","authors":"Rong Liu,&nbsp;Wei-Jia Wang,&nbsp;Hong Wang,&nbsp;Richard H. Ree,&nbsp;De-Zhu Li,&nbsp;Wen-Bin Yu","doi":"10.1111/cla.12596","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>c.</i> 270 endemic species of <i>Pedicularis</i> in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains (HHM) region exhibit high diversity in geographic distribution, elevational range and floral morphology. Many of these, including the species with the longest corolla tubes and beaked galeas, are monophyletic and represent a putative <i>in situ</i> radiation. In this study, we focus on the representative Clade 3 within the HHM region. We integrate the plastid phylogeny of this clade with environmental data and species distributions to infer environmental correlates of species diversity. We estimate macroevolutionary rates and reconstructed ancestral states for geographic ranges and corolla traits, and analyse patterns of range overlap and niche evolution to assess drivers of diversification in the HHM region. Our results show that the region from northwest Yunnan to southwest Sichuan is the centre of diversity for this clade of <i>Pedicularis</i>. Rates of diversification are associated with precipitation and multiple environmental factors. Multiple range expansions from the Sanjiang (Three Parallel Rivers) region, followed by allopatric speciation across the HHM region, contributed to early rapid diversification. Corolla traits are not significantly associated with species diversification. This study highlights the importance of integrated evidence for understanding species diversification dynamics and contributes to our understanding of the origins of the remarkable richness of plant species in the HHM region.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"40 6","pages":"636-652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142207213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A targeted gene phylogenetic framework to investigate diversification in the highly diverse yet geographically restricted red devil spiders (Araneae, Dysderidae) 研究红魔蜘蛛(Araneae, Dysderidae)多样性但受地理限制的目标基因系统发育框架。
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12595
Silvia Adrián-Serrano, Martina Pavlek, Miquel A. Arnedo
{"title":"A targeted gene phylogenetic framework to investigate diversification in the highly diverse yet geographically restricted red devil spiders (Araneae, Dysderidae)","authors":"Silvia Adrián-Serrano,&nbsp;Martina Pavlek,&nbsp;Miquel A. Arnedo","doi":"10.1111/cla.12595","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12595","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The family Dysderidae is a highly diverse group of nocturnal ground-dwelling and active-hunter spiders. Dysderids are mostly restricted to the Western Palearctic, and particularly rich and abundant around the Mediterranean region. Interestingly, the distribution of species richness among its 24 genera and three subfamilies is highly biased—80% of its 644 documented species belong to just two genera, <i>Dysdera</i> (326) and <i>Harpactea</i> (211). Dysderidae provides an excellent study case for evolutionary and ecological research. It includes cases of trophic specialization, which are uncommon among spiders, and exhibit other remarkable biological (e.g. holocentric chromosomes), behavioural (e.g. cryptic female choice), evolutionary (e.g. adaptive radiation) and ecological features (e.g. recurrent colonization of the subterranean environment). The lack of a quantitative hypothesis on its phylogenetic structure has hampered its potential as a testing ground for evolutionary, biogeographical and ecological hypotheses. Here, we present the results of a target, multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, using mitochondrial (cox1, 16s and 12s) and nuclear genes (h3, 28s and 18s), of the most exhaustive taxonomic sample within Dysderidae (104 spp.) to date and across related families (Synspermiata) (83 spp.). We estimate divergence times using a combination of fossil and biogeographic node calibrations and use this timeline to identify shifts in diversification rates. Our results support the monophyly of the Dysderidae subfamilies Rhodinae and Dysderinae but reject Harpacteinae as currently defined. Moreover, the clades recovered within Harpacteinae do not support its current taxonomy. The origin of the family most likely post-dated the break-up of Pangea, and cave colonization may be older than previously considered. After correcting for the taxonomic artefacts, we identified a significant shift in diversification rates at the base of the genus <i>Dysdera</i>. Although the unique coexistence of specialist and generalist diets within the lineage could be suggested as the potential driver for the rate acceleration, further quantitative analyses would be necessary to test this hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"40 6","pages":"577-597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cla.12595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights from the first phylogenomic analysis of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveal two new subfamilies 扁蜂(膜翅目,Bethylidae)的首次系统进化分析揭示了两个新的亚科。
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12594
Bernardo F. Santos, Wesley D. Colombo, Elizabeth A. Murray, Seán G. Brady, Celso O. Azevedo
{"title":"Insights from the first phylogenomic analysis of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveal two new subfamilies","authors":"Bernardo F. Santos,&nbsp;Wesley D. Colombo,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Murray,&nbsp;Seán G. Brady,&nbsp;Celso O. Azevedo","doi":"10.1111/cla.12594","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite significant advances in alpha level taxonomy in the past few decades, the higher-level phylogeny of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) remains poorly explored. Herein we provide the first phylogenomic assessment of the family based on data from ultraconserved elements for 96 species in 61 genera of the family, with material from 29 countries and all biogeographic regions. Dataset cutoffs including ultraconserved element loci recovered for 50 and 70% of terminals resulted in matrices with 1513 and 451 loci, which were analysed in both parsimony and maximum likelihood frameworks. We also provide the first analyses of divergence dating for the family based on the calibration of 12 nodes. All analyses recovered the Bethylidae as a monophyletic group and estimated the origin of the family at around 143 Ma. The results suggest that all extant subfamilies had already diversified by the Late Cretaceous. All topologies suggest that <i>Glenosema</i> and <i>Chilepyris</i> form a clade separate from other Scleroderminae; owing to the morphological distinctiveness of each genus, we propose that they are accommodated in two new subfamilies, Glenoseminae subf. nov. and Chilepyrinae subf. nov. The monotypic sclerodermine genus <i>Galodoxa</i> was consistently recovered within Epyrinae and is transferred to the latter subfamily.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"40 5","pages":"510-525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cla.12594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new Urbacodon (Theropoda, Troodontidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation, China: Implications for troodontid phylogeny and tooth biology. 来自中国上白垩世伊伦大巴苏地层的一种新的Urbacodon(兽脚类,牙齿目):对齿兽类系统发育和牙齿生物学的影响
IF 3.9 2区 生物学
Cladistics Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12592
Shuo Wang, Nuo Ding, Qingwei Tan, Rui Yang, Qiyue Zhang, Lin Tan
{"title":"A new Urbacodon (Theropoda, Troodontidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation, China: Implications for troodontid phylogeny and tooth biology.","authors":"Shuo Wang, Nuo Ding, Qingwei Tan, Rui Yang, Qiyue Zhang, Lin Tan","doi":"10.1111/cla.12592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tooth attachment and replacement play significant roles in the feeding ecology of polyphyodont vertebrates, yet these aspects have remained largely unexplored in non-avialan paravians including troodontids. Here, we describe a new troodontid species, Urbacodon norelli sp.n., recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation of Inner Mongolia, China, based on an incomplete right dentary and 12 associated replacement teeth. Urbacodon norelli is distinguished from all other known troodontids, including its relative U. itemirensis from Uzbekistan, by several features: the presence of paired dentary symphyseal foramina, the presence of a relatively steep anterior margin of the dentary, the absence of a dentary chin, the presence of a common groove hosting the anterior 12 dentary teeth, and the presence of relatively larger dentary teeth. Phylogenetic analysis places both species of Urbacodon as sister taxa to Zanabazar junior, confirming their status as later-diverging troodontids. Radiographs revealed an alternating tooth replacement pattern in U. norelli, with a maximum Zahnreihen-spacing estimated to be 3. During tooth replacement, the anteriorly inclined interdental septa, which wedge between anterior dentary teeth, underwent frequent remodelling as the developing tooth moved upwards, particularly anterolabially. This rapid turnover left insufficient time for an interdental plate to form, resulting in the absence of such structures in this specimen. The frequent remodelling of periodontal tissues accompanying tooth replacement is likely to account for the absence of interdental plates. The discovery of this new troodontid expands our understanding of paravian theropods from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation and provides valuable insights into troodontid tooth biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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