Cladistics最新文献

{"title":"Phylogeny and biogeography of the northern temperate genus Dracocephalum s.l. (Lamiaceae)","authors":"Ya-Ping Chen,&nbsp;Turginov Orzimat Turdimatovich,&nbsp;Maxim S. Nuraliev,&nbsp;Predrag Lazarević,&nbsp;Bryan T. Drew,&nbsp;Chun-Lei Xiang","doi":"10.1111/cla.12502","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12502","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The northern temperate genus <i>Dracocephalum</i> consists of approximately 70 species mainly distributed in the steppe-desert biomes of Central and West Asia and the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Previous work has shown that <i>Dracocephalum</i> is not monophyletic and might include <i>Hyssopus</i> and <i>Lallemantia</i>. This study attempts to clarify the phylogenetic relationships, diversification patterns, and the biogeographical history of the three genera (defined as <i>Dracocephalum</i> s.l.). Based on a sampling of 66 taxa comprising more than 80% from extant species of <i>Dracocephalum</i> s.l., morphological, phylogenetic (maximum parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian inference based on nuclear ITS and ETS, plastid <i>rpl32-trnL</i>, <i>trnL-trnF</i>, <i>ycf1</i>, and <i>ycf1-rps15</i>, and two low-copy nuclear markers <i>AT3G09060</i> and <i>AT1G09680</i>), molecular dating, diversification, and ancestral range estimation analyses were carried out. Our results demonstrate that both <i>Hyssopus</i> and <i>Lallemantia</i> are embedded within <i>Dracocephalum</i> and nine well-supported clades can be recognized within <i>Dracocephalum</i> s.l. Analyses of divergence times suggest that the genus experienced an early rapid radiation during the middle to late Miocene with major lineages diversifying within a relatively narrow timescale. Ancestral area reconstruction analyses indicate that <i>Dracocephalum</i> s.l. originated in Central and West Asia and southern Siberia, and dispersed from Central and West Asia into the QTP and adjacent areas twice independently during the Pliocene. The aridification of the Asian interior possibly promoted the rapid radiation of <i>Dracocephalum</i> within this region, and the uplift of the QTP appears to have triggered the dispersal and recent rapid diversification of the genus in the QTP and adjacent regions. Combining molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence, a revised infrageneric classification of <i>Dracocephalum</i> s.l. is proposed, which recognizes nine sections within the genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 4","pages":"429-451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47808397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversification of the phytophagous lineages of true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) shortly after that of the flowering plants","authors":"Fei Ye,&nbsp;Petr Kment,&nbsp;Dávid Rédei,&nbsp;Jiu-Yang Luo,&nbsp;Yan-Hui Wang,&nbsp;Stefan M. Kuechler,&nbsp;Wei-Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Ping-Ping Chen,&nbsp;Hao-Yang Wu,&nbsp;Yan-Zhuo Wu,&nbsp;Xiao-Ya Sun,&nbsp;Lu Ding,&nbsp;Yue-Ran Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Xie","doi":"10.1111/cla.12501","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More than 95% of phytophagous true bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) species belong to four superfamilies: Miroidea (Cimicomorpha), Pentatomoidea, Coreoidea, and Lygaeoidea (all Pentatomomorpha). These iconic groups of highly diverse, overwhelmingly phytophagous insects include several economically prominent agricultural and silvicultural pest species, though their evolutionary history has not yet been well resolved. In particular, superfamily- and family-level phylogenetic relationships of these four lineages have remained controversial, and the divergence times of some crucial nodes for phytophagous true bugs have hitherto been little known, which hampers a better understanding of the evolutionary processes and patterns of phytophagous insects. In the present study, we used 150 species and concatenated nuclear and mitochondrial protein-coding genes and rRNA genes to infer the phylogenetic relationships within the Terheteroptera (Cimicomorpha + Pentatomomorpha) and estimated their divergence times. Our results support the monophyly of Cimicomorpha, Pentatomomorpha, Miroidea, Pentatomoidea, Pyrrhocoroidea, Coreoidea, and Lygaeoidea. The phylogenetic relationships across phytophagous lineages are largely congruent at deep nodes across the analyses based on different datasets and tree-reconstructing methods with just a few exceptions. Estimated divergence times and ancestral state reconstructions for feeding habit indicate that phytophagous true bugs explosively radiated in the Early Cretaceous—shortly after the angiosperm radiation—with the subsequent diversification of the most speciose clades (Mirinae, Pentatomidae, Coreinae, and Rhyparochromidae) in the Late Cretaceous.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 4","pages":"403-428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44998615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly diversified mitochondrial genomes provide new evidence for interordinal relationships in the Arachnida","authors":"Xin-Chao Ban,&nbsp;Zi-Kai Shao,&nbsp;Li-Jun Wu,&nbsp;Jing-Tao Sun,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Xue","doi":"10.1111/cla.12504","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12504","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arachnida is an exceptionally diverse class in the Arthropoda, consisting of 20 orders and playing crucial roles in the terrestrial ecosystems. However, their interordinal relationships have been debated for over a century. Rearranged or highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) were consistently found in this class, but their various extent in different lineages and efficiency for resolving arachnid phylogenies are unclear. Here, we reconstructed phylogenetic trees using mitogenome sequences of 290 arachnid species to decipher interordinal relationships as well as diversification through time. Our results recovered monophyly of ten orders (i.e. Amblypygi, Araneae, Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Ricinulei, Sarcoptiformes, Scorpiones and Solifugae), while rejecting monophyly of the Trombidiformes due to the unstable position of the Eriophyoidea. The monophyly of Acari (subclass) was rejected, possibly due to the long-branch attraction of the Pseudoscorpiones. The monophyly of Arachnida was further rejected because the Xiphosura nested within arachnid orders with unstable positions. Mitogenomes that are highly rearranged in mites but less rearranged or conserved in the remaining lineages point to their exceptional diversification in mite orders; however, shared derived mitochondrial (mt) gene clusters were found within superfamilies rather than interorders, confusing phylogenetic signals in arachnid interordinal relationships. Molecular dating results show that arachnid orders have ancient origins, ranging from the Ordovician to the Carboniferous, yet have significantly diversified since the Cretaceous in orders Araneae, Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, and Trombidiformes. By summarizing previously resolved key positions of some orders, we propose a plausible arachnid tree of life. Our results underline a more precise framework for interordinal phylogeny in the Arachnida and provide new insights into their ancient evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 4","pages":"452-464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41539592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the evolutionary history of the snakefly family Inocelliidae (Insecta: Raphidioptera) through integrative phylogenetics","authors":"Rongrong Shen,&nbsp;Horst Aspöck,&nbsp;Ulrike Aspöck,&nbsp;John Plant,&nbsp;Yuting Dai,&nbsp;Xingyue Liu","doi":"10.1111/cla.12503","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12503","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inocelliidae is one of the two extant families of the holometabolan order Raphidioptera (snakeflies), with the modern fauna represented by seven genera and 44 species. The evolutionary history of the family is little-known. Here we present the first phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses based on a worldwide sampling of taxa and datasets combined with morphological characters and mitochondrial genomes, aiming to investigate the intergeneric phylogeny and historical biogeography of Inocelliidae. The phylogenetic inference from the combined analysis of morphological and molecular data recovered the sister-group relationship between a clade of (<i>Negha</i> + <i>Indianoinocellia</i>) + <i>Sininocellia</i> and a clade of <i>Fibla</i> + the <i>Inocellia</i> clade (interiorly nested by <i>Amurinocellia</i> and <i>Parainocellia</i>). <i>Amurinocellia</i> <b>stat.r</b><b>.</b> and <i>Parainocellia</i> <b>stat.r. et emend.n</b><b>.</b> are relegated to subgeneric status within <i>Inocellia</i>, whereas a newly erected subgenus of <i>Inocellia</i>, <i>Epinocellia</i> <b>subgen.n</b><b>.</b>, accommodates the former <i>Parainocellia burmana</i> (U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1968) plus a new species <i>Inocellia</i> (<i>Epinocellia</i>) <i>weii</i> <b>sp.n</b><b>.</b> Further, the <i>Inocellia crassicornis</i> group constitutes the nominotypical subgenus <i>Inocellia</i> <b>stat.n</b><b>.</b>, but the <i>Inocellia fulvostigmata</i> group is paraphyletic. Diversification within Inocelliidae is distinguished by an Eocene divergence leading to extant genera and a Miocene radiation of species. A biogeographical scenario depicts how the diverse inocelliid fauna from East Asia could have originated from western North America via dispersal across the Beringia during the early Tertiary, and how the Miocene ancestors of <i>Inocellia</i> could have accomplished long-distance dispersals via the Tibet–Himalayan corridor or eastern Palaearctic to western Palaearctic. Our results shed new light specifically on the evolution of Inocelliidae and, in general, the Raphidioptera.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 5","pages":"515-537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10636592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution patterns of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the Americas: an analysis based on networks and endemicity","authors":"Augusto Ferrari,&nbsp;Diego Janisch Alvares,&nbsp;Patrícia Maria Buratto,&nbsp;Kim Ribeiro Barão","doi":"10.1111/cla.12500","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12500","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triatominae, commonly known as kissing bugs, are a group of approximately 150 species of hematophagous reduviids, some of which are vectors of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, the etiological agent of the Chagas disease. Distributional patterns of triatomines have been studied based on macroecological and historical biogeographic approaches, but the definition of distributional patterns and areas of endemism are yet to be defined based on objective criteria. We used two methods to identify biogeographic units in the Triatominae: the endemicity analysis based on an optimality criterion (NDM/VNDM software) and a network approach aimed to simplify and highlight the underlying structure in species distributions (Infomap Bioregions). Information on species distributions was obtained from a data paper, comprising 21 815 records for 135 triatomine species occurring in the Americas. The resulting areas of each method were clustered using a meta consensus criterion based on dissimilarities and interpreted as recurrent areas. The NDM areas show a nested structure, presenting greater restrictions to the inclusion of species in a given area, requiring broad sympatry. In contrast, bioregions emphasize spatial patterns with better-delimited areas and species occurrences do not need to be highly congruent. When areas were clustered based on their species composition two clear patterns arose from both methods: (i) areas within the southern Amazon and southeast South America, especially in the Chacoan subregion, formed a cluster, and (ii) areas north of the Amazon, Pacific, Mesoamerica, Mexican transition zone and Nearctic formed another cluster. Moreover, within each of these two clusters, there was a latitudinal gradient of the areas in the Americas showing spatial similarity between the areas found in both methods. Results of both methods show well-bound areas separating the triatomine fauna in the Brazilian subregions, resulting in the recognition of areas corresponding to the biomes Chaco, Pampa, Cerrado, and Caatinga, and, to a lesser extent, the Atlantic Forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 5","pages":"563-581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9185966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined data analysis of fossil and living mammals: a Paleogene sister taxon of Placentalia and the antiquity of Marsupialia","authors":"Paúl M. Velazco,&nbsp;Alexandra J. Buczek,&nbsp;Eva Hoffman,&nbsp;Devin K. Hoffman,&nbsp;Maureen A. O’Leary,&nbsp;Michael J. Novacek","doi":"10.1111/cla.12499","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Cretaceous–Paleogene (KPg) boundary, one of Earth’s five major extinction events, occurred just before the appearance of Placentalia in the fossil record. The Gobi Desert, Mongolia and the Western Interior of North America have important fossil mammals occurring just before and after the KPg boundary (e.g. <i>Prodiacodon, Deltatheridium</i>) that have yet to be phylogenetically tested in a character-rich context with molecular data. We present here phylogenetic analyses of &gt;6000 newly scored anatomical observations drawn from six untested fossils and added to the largest existing morphological matrix for mammals. These data are combined with sequence data from 27 nuclear genes. Results show the existence of a new eutherian sister clade to Placentalia, which we name and characterize. The extinct clade Leptictidae is part of this placental sister clade, indicating that the sister clade survived the KPg event to co-exist in ancient ecosystems during the Paleogene radiation of placentals. Analysing the Cretaceous metatherian <i>Deltatheridium</i> in this character-rich context reveals it is a member of Marsupialia, a finding that extends the minimum age of Marsupialia before the KPg boundary. Numerous shared-derived features from multiple anatomical systems support the assignment of <i>Deltatheridium</i> to Marsupialia. Computed tomography scans of exquisite new specimens better document the marsupial-like dental replacement pattern of <i>Deltatheridium</i>. The new placental sister clade has both Asian and North American species, and is ancestrally characterized by shared derived features such as a hind limb modified for saltatorial locomotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 3","pages":"359-373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39874060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of cephalic structures in extreme myrmecophiles: a lesson from Clavigeritae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)","authors":"Paweł Jałoszyński,&nbsp;Xiao-Zhu Luo,&nbsp;Rolf Georg Beutel","doi":"10.1111/cla.12498","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pselaphinae is a large subfamily, comprising over 10 000 species of the megadiverse Staphylinidae (rove beetles). A remarkable feature of this group is the extreme structural diversity of different body regions, especially the head and its appendages. Within Pselaphinae, Clavigeritae stand out as a clade of highly specialized myrmecophiles. We examined internal and external head structures of the clavigerite species <i>Diartiger kubotai</i> Nomura, using state-of-the-art techniques. The cephalic morphology indicates in a phylogenetic context that the loss of eyes in some Clavigeritae was the latest of major evolutionary changes. We compiled the largest set of morphological data ever scored for the subfamily, comprising 155 characters of the head. Parsimony analyses and Bayesian inference yielded a similar phylogenetic pattern, largely congruent with results published previously. We retrieved Pselaphinae as a clade, and Faronitae as sister to all remaining groups of the subfamily. Faronitae are followed by a “Euplectitae grade” and non-monophyletic Goniaceritae, Batrisitae and Pselaphitae. Clavigeritae are monophyletic, but have evolved within the pselaphite grade. The enigmatic <i>Colilodion</i> Besuchet, recently shifted from Clavigeritae to a paraphyletic Pselaphitae, was placed as sister to extant clavigerites based on an array of cephalic synapomorphies. The current classification of Pselaphinae is unstable and deep changes should be made maintaining only monophyletic units, whereas most of the supertribes are paraphyletic. Characters of the head, with a concentration of mouthparts and sensory structures, and essential parts of the digestive tract and the nervous system, are highly informative phylogenetically. Study of internal structures, presently still at a very preliminary stage, obviously is essential for understanding the evolution of Pselaphinae. Future genetic investigations may reveal mechanisms behind the unique structural megadiversity in this exceptional group of rove beetles.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 3","pages":"335-358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39863080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined phylogenetic analysis of Pleurodema (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)","authors":"Daiana Paola Ferraro","doi":"10.1111/cla.12497","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12497","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genus <i>Pleurodema</i> comprises 15 species distributed through the Neotropical region, from sea level up to 5000 m.a.s.l. A total-evidence analysis of <i>Pleurodema</i> is provided based on the parsimony criterion. The combined dataset included morphometric, phenotypic, and DNA evidence (34 taxa, 4441 characters). The parsimony analysis yielded one most-parsimonious tree. <i>Pleurodema</i> was recovered as a well-supported clade composed of two major subclades. One subclade has an identical topology to that of previous analyses, the <i>P. brachyops</i> Clade (<i>P. alium</i>, <i>P. borellii</i>, <i>P. brachyops</i>, <i>P. cinereum</i>, <i>P. diplolister</i>, and <i>P. tucumanum</i>). The other subclade includes the remaining nine species of the genus, exhibiting a topology different from that of previous studies. According to the present phylogeny, this second lineage is formed by the <i>P. nebulosum</i> Clade (<i>P. guayapae + P. nebulosum</i>), <i>P. marmoratum</i>, the re-defined <i>P. thaul</i> Clade (<i>P. bufoninum</i>, <i>P. somuncurense</i>, <i>P. thaul</i>) and the <i>P. bibroni</i> Clade (<i>P. bibroni</i>, <i>P. cordobae</i>, <i>P. kriegi</i>). The reproductive modes of <i>Pleurodema</i> represent a unique combination of features within Leiuperinae, including three egg-clutch structures, two types of amplexus, and lack of vocalization. Also, some species of <i>Pleurodema</i> have been considered fossorial, because they are capable of digging with their hind-limbs and remaining in self-made burrows during dry seasons. The evolution of characters associated with reproductive biology and fossoriality is discussed in light of the obtained results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 3","pages":"301-319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39662827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An empirical test of the relationship between the bootstrap and likelihood ratio support in maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis","authors":"Denis Jacob Machado,&nbsp;Fernando Portella de Luna Marques,&nbsp;Larry Jiménez-Ferbans,&nbsp;Taran Grant","doi":"10.1111/cla.12496","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12496","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In maximum likelihood (ML), the support for a clade can be calculated directly as the likelihood ratio (LR) or log-likelihood difference (<i>S</i>, LLD) of the best trees with and without the clade of interest. However, bootstrap (BS) clade frequencies are more pervasive in ML phylogenetics and are almost universally interpreted as measuring support. In addition to theoretical arguments against that interpretation, BS has several undesirable attributes for a support measure. For example, it does not vary in proportion to optimality or identify clades that are rejected by the evidence and can be overestimated due to missing data. Nevertheless, if BS is a reliable predictor of <i>S</i>, then it might be an efficient indirect method of measuring support—an attractive possibility, given the speed of many BS implementations. To assess the relationship between <i>S</i> and BS, we analyzed 106 empirical datasets retrieved from TreeBASE. Also, to evaluate the degree to which <i>S</i> and BS are affected by the number of replicates during suboptimal tree searches for <i>S</i> and pseudoreplicates during BS estimation, we randomly selected 5 of the 106 datasets and analyzed them using variable numbers of replicates and pseudoreplicates, respectively. The correlation between <i>S</i> and BS was extremely weak in the datasets we analyzed. Increasing the number of replicates during tree search decreased the estimated values of <i>S</i> for most clades, but the magnitude of change was small. In contrast, although increasing pseudoreplicates affected BS values for only approximately 40% of clades, values both increased and decreased, and they did so at much greater magnitudes. Increasing replicates/pseudoreplicates affected the rank order of clades in each tree for both <i>S</i> and BS. Our findings show decisively that BS is not an efficient indirect method of measuring support and suggest that even quite superficial searches to calculate <i>S</i> provide better estimates of support.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 3","pages":"392-401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar pattern, different paths: tracing the biogeographical history of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) using mitochondrial phylogenomics","authors":"Yunlan Jiang,&nbsp;Lu Yue,&nbsp;Fan Yang,&nbsp;Jessica P. Gillung,&nbsp;Shaun L. Winterton,&nbsp;Benjamin W. Price,&nbsp;Atilano Contreras-Ramos,&nbsp;Fumio Hayashi,&nbsp;Ulrike Aspöck,&nbsp;Horst Aspöck,&nbsp;David K. Yeates,&nbsp;Ding Yang,&nbsp;Xingyue Liu","doi":"10.1111/cla.12494","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cla.12494","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sequential breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea since the Middle Jurassic is one of the crucial factors that has driven the biogeographical patterns of terrestrial biotas. Despite decades of effort searching for concordant patterns between diversification and continental fragmentation among taxonomic groups, increasing evidence has revealed more complex and idiosyncratic scenarios resulting from a mixture of vicariance, dispersal and extinction. Aquatic insects with discreet ecological requirements, low vagility and disjunct distributions represent a valuable model for testing biogeographical hypotheses by reconstructing their distribution patterns and temporal divergences. Insects of the order Megaloptera have exclusively aquatic larvae, their adults have low vagility, and the group has a highly disjunct geographical distribution. Here we present a comprehensive phylogeny of Megaloptera based on a large-scale mitochondrial genome sequencing of 99 species representing &gt;90% of the world genera from all major biogeographical regions. Molecular dating suggests that the deep divergence within Megaloptera pre-dates the breakup of Pangaea. Subsequently, the intergeneric divergences within Corydalinae (dobsonflies), Chauliodinae (fishflies) and Sialidae (alderflies) might have been driven by both vicariance and dispersal correlated with the shifting continent during the Cretaceous, but with strikingly different and incongruent biogeographical signals. The austral distribution of many corydalids appears to be a result of colonization from Eurasia through southward dispersal across Europe and Africa during the Cretaceous, whereas a nearly contemporaneous dispersal via northward rafting of Gondwanan landmasses may account for the colonization of extant Eurasian alderflies from the south.</p>","PeriodicalId":50688,"journal":{"name":"Cladistics","volume":"38 3","pages":"374-391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39655546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}