Clinical & Translational Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic utility of the CALLY index in metastatic melanoma: building a nomogram for Patients on Anti-PD-1 therapy.","authors":"Caner Acar, Haydar Çağatay Yüksel, Gökhan Şahin, Fatma Pinar Açar, Damla Gunenc, Burçak Karaca","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03888-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03888-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic melanoma, many patients fail to derive meaningful benefit, underscoring the urgent need for accessible prognostic biomarkers. The C-reactive protein (CRP)-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index, an immunonutritional index, has shown prognostic value in various cancers. Previous studies indicate that systemic inflammation and nutritional status influence ICI efficacy, suggesting the potential relevance of the CALLY index in metastatic melanoma. This study evaluates the CALLY index's role in metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analysed 92 patients with metastatic melanoma who were treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy at Ege University's Faculty of Medicine between 2015 and 2023. The CALLY index was calculated using the pre-treatment CRP, albumin and lymphocyte levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate survival outcomes, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were employed to identify independent prognostic factors. A predictive nomogram incorporating the CALLY index and other significant variables was then developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal CALLY index cutoff was determined to be 2. Patients with a low CALLY index (≤ 2) had worse median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) when compared with those who had a high CALLY index (> 2) (median OS: 9.6 vs 31.3 months, p < 0.001; median PFS: 3.8 vs 10.6 months, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the CALLY index, lactate dehydrogenase above the upper limit of normal, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥ 2, M1c/M1d staging and acral/mucosal melanoma subtypes to be independent predictors of OS. A nomogram was then constructed based on these factors, yielding a concordance index of 0.705 (95% confidence interval: 0.634-0.776). This model stratified patients into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, with the high-risk group showing significantly worse OS than the intermediate- and the low-risk groups (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CALLY index is a cost-effective and independent prognostic biomarker that can aid in risk stratification and guide treatment decisions in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving anti-PD-1 therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3770-3780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in dysphagia assessment: evaluating lingual muscle composition in head and neck cancer.","authors":"Laura Ferrera Alayón, Barbara Salas-Salas, Fiorella Ximena Palmas-Candia, Raquel Diaz-Saavedra, Anais Ramos-Ortiz, Pedro C Lara, Marta Lloret Sáez-Bravo","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03900-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03900-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common and debilitating condition in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between tongue muscle composition (quantity and quality) and the risk of dysphagia in non-surgically treated HNC patients, using artificial intelligence (AI) analysis of pretreatment computed tomography (CT) scans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective analysis was conducted on 41 non-surgically treated HNC patients under-going curative radiotherapy. Tongue muscle quantity was measured as cross-sectional area (cm²) and as a percentage of body composition using AI-based segmentation of CT images. Muscle quality was assessed through Hounsfield Units (HU), representing muscle density. Dysphagia risk was evaluated with the validated EAT-10 questionnaire, considering scores ≥ 3 as indicative of increased risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant association was found between EAT-10 categorical scores and dysphagia risk (Chi² = 26.07, p < 0.0001). However, no significant correlation was observed between the percentage of tongue muscle and density (R = 0.081, p = 0.07). Patients with EAT-10 scores ≥ 3 had significantly larger percentages of tongue muscle area (mean 61.17 ± 10.44 cm²) compared to those with EAT-10 < 3 (mean 56.58 ± 5.77 cm²; p = 0.004). Additionally, higher tongue muscle density (HU) was associated with increased dysphagia risk (p = 0.046). A significant association was also observed between pre-treatment and post-treatment dysphagia, with patients who reported pre-treatment dysphagia (EAT-10 ≥ 3) continuing to experience higher post-treatment dysphagia (p = 0.009, R = 0.411). Biologically Effective Dose (BED) (p = 0.0042), advanced tumor stage (p = 0.004), and systemic treatment (p = 0.027) were further associated with increased post-treatment dysphagia risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrates that non-surgically treated HNC patients with increased tongue area percentages and higher muscle density are at greater risk of dysphagia. Additionally, pre-treatment dysphagia was found to be a strong predictor of post-treatment dysphagia. The use of AI-based CT analysis provides a precise method for identifying patients at risk, allowing for timely interventions to improve swallowing function and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3717-3731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HER2-targeted therapy in colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Yeliz Benli, Helin Arıkan, Özge Akbulut-Çalışkan","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03887-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03887-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite treatment advancements in the last decades, CRC remains heterogeneous with significant clinical and genetic diversity. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) proto-oncogene plays a critical role, as its amplification or overexpression leading to abnormal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. HER2 overexpression or amplification is identified in 2-4% of metastatic CRCs (mCRC) patients, representing a potential therapeutic target. It is also associated with resistance against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies like cetuximab and panitumumab, for treatment of RAS wild-type mCRC. Although HER2-positive mCRC is rare, assessing HER2 levels is important. Furthermore, anti-HER2 therapies exhibited non-toxic profile and high efficacy in chemorefractory cases. This review delves into modern management of anti-HER2 therapies in CRC with a particular focus on recent advances and current knowledge about the prognostic and predictive value of HER2.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3607-3624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape and clinical implications of EGFR exon 20 insertions in non-small cell lung cancer patients.","authors":"Mónica Garzón-Ibáñez, Roxana Reyes, Miguel Ángel Molina-Vila, Ivana Gabriela Sullivan","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03899-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03899-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although most mutations in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are targetable drivers, exon 20 insertions (ex20ins) represent a distinct and heterogeneous subgroup with differences in treatment outcomes and prognosis. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) testing has played a key role in identifying ex20ins and associated co-alterations, enhancing our understanding of the complex biology within this group. Furthermore, new molecules recently developed, some of them still under investigation, are shown promising results in the clinical management of ex20ins patients. This review aims to give an update of the landscape of EGFR ex20ins, focusing on their molecular and clinical implications as well as on new treatment strategies emerging in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3559-3569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low versus null HER2 tumour expression in \"HER2-negative\" breast cancer: long-term outcomes based on phenotypes.","authors":"Israel Barco, Clarisa González, Marc García-Font, Antonio García Fernández, Manel Fraile, Xavier Tarroch, Xavier Morlius, MCarmen Vidal, Sonia González, Claudia B Mitru, Elena Vallejo, Gerard Molina, Marta Torras, Carolina Chabrera","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03882-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03882-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Two new categories of breast cancer (BC) have been proposed among HER2-negative patients: HER2 0 + and HER2-low breast cancer. We combined these two categories with Perou's classification. We aimed to identify potential differences in clinicopathological features and prognosis using a new, unofficial classification: Luminal A HER2 0 + , Luminal A HER2-Low, Luminal B HER2 0 + , Luminal B HER2- Low, Triple Negative HER2 0 + , and Triple Negative HER2-Low.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of our database from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2018. Cox Regression served as the basis for our study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 1704 BC tumor cases from 1,639 HER2-negative patients (65 had bilateral BC). Among these, 608 cases were HER2 0 + , and 1096 were HER2-Low (aggregate). The median follow-up period was 120 months after surgery. None of the patients received anti-HER2 therapy. Case distribution was as follows: Luminal A HER2 0 + : 259. Luminal A HER2-low: 501. Luminal B HER2 0 + : 219. Luminal B HER2-low: 499. Triple-Negative HER2 0 + : 130. Triple-Negative HER2-low: 96. There was a 12.2% excess in the Triple Negative rate in the HER2 0 + group, compared with the HER2 Low group (aggregate), which was highly significant (Chisquare, p < 0.01). Although the HER2 0 + versus HER2 Low Hazard Ratio (HR) for Specific Mortality was of borderline significance:1.39 (IC 1.00-1.92, p = 0.049), the TN imbalance complicated a direct comparison between the two groups. After stratification using the noncanonical classification, the HR was highly significant, but only for the Luminal A subtype: 2.28 (IC 1.09-4.36, p = 0.028).</p><p><strong>Comments: </strong>In the noncanonical classification, the effect of the unbalanced Triple-Negative proportions disappeared, and a significant finding emerged: HER2 0 + status had a negative prognostic influence exclusively in Luminal A patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3647-3654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The therapeutic efficacy and application prospects of tumor-treating fields (TTFields) in resolving malignant tumors of central nervous system.","authors":"Wei Han, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03909-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03909-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Malignancies in the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most prevalent and lethal tumors. Tumor treating fields (TTFields), a physical therapeutic strategy, show significant potential in treating CNS tumors by inducing cell apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, immune activation, and enhancing anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy. Additionally, TTFields can increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, further supporting their application in CNS malignancies. This review aims to summarize the advances and mechanisms of TTFields in CNS tumor treatment while addressing its current limitations and challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed existing literature on TTFields, focusing on their effects on glioma and brain metastasis (BM)-related primary tumors. The mechanisms investigated included mitosis and cell cycle interference, inhibition of cell migration and invasion, promotion of apoptosis and protective autophagy, activation of immunogenic cell death (ICD) and immune responses, and modulation of BBB permeability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TTFields demonstrate inhibitory effects on CNS malignancies, particularly in glioma. They also suppress brain metastasis from primary tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. Mechanistically, TTFields act through multiple pathways, including disrupting mitosis, impeding cell migration and invasion, enhancing apoptosis and autophagy, activating immune responses, and increasing BBB permeability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TTFields exhibit therapeutic potential in CNS malignancies, especially glioblastoma (GBM), through diverse biological mechanisms. Their ability to enhance BBB permeability and target metastatic tumors suggests promise for broader clinical applications, including brain metastasis treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3625-3635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing oral and dental health-related quality of life in head and neck cancer patients at 1, 5, and 10 years: a comparison of the EORTC QLQ43, FACT H&N, and the Orthognathic-QLQ questionnaires.","authors":"Marc Guedea, Meritxell Sánchez, Alicia Lozano, Montse Ferrer, Angels Pont, Sandra Clotet, Marc Juárez, Isabel Linares, Pablo Araguas, Montse Ventura, Nuno Gustavo d'Oliveira, Maria Cristina Manzanares, Josep Maria Ustrell, Ferran Guedea","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03895-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03895-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Numerous health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires are available to assess oral HRQoL in patients undergoing treatment for head and neck (H&N) cancer. These multidimensional instruments should have the capacity to detect meaningful clinical oral function/dental changes at different time points. However, the optimal instrument-or combination of instruments-for assessing oral health and dental needs is not clear. We administered three questionnaires (FACT H&N, EORTC QLQ-H&N43, Orthognathic-QLQ) to assess oral and dental HRQoL in a cohort of H&N cancer patients at 1-, 5- and 10-year post-treatment. A secondary aim was to compare these questionnaires to determine which provides the most useful assessment of oral HRQoL and dental care needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective, single-center study of patients (n = 82) with H&N cancer grouped according to the follow-up time (1, 5, or 10 years). HRQoL was assessed by telephone with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT H&N), the European Organization for Research and Treatment (EORTC QLQ-H&N43), and the Orthognathic Questionnaire (OQLQ). Analyses were performed to assess differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-two patients (fifty-nine men) were included. The mean age was 61.9 years. On the EORTC QLQ-H&N43, significant between-group differences (1 year vs. 5 and 10 years) were observed on five multi-item scales (mouth pain, senses, body image, anxiety, and shoulder problems) and on three single-item scales (neurological problems, neck swelling, and weight loss), indicating that QoL for those domains was more negatively impacted at 1-year post-treatment. Adjusted mean scores on most items on the EORTC QLQ-H&N43 were similar in the 5- and 10-year groups. On the other two scales (FACT H&N and OQLG), there were no significant between-group (1, 5, 10 years) differences in adjusted mean scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results show that the negative impact of H&N cancer on HRQoL is most evident at 1-year versus 5- or 10-year post-treatment. The combined administration of the EORTC QLQ-H&N43 and the OQLQ appear to provide the most useful assessment of HRQoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3732-3744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on tamoxifen side effects in patients with breast cancer.","authors":"Isabel Blancas, Marina Linares-Rodríguez, Carlos José Rodríguez-González, Fernando Rodríguez-Serrano","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03908-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03908-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>CYP2D6 is a key enzyme involved in converting tamoxifen into its active metabolites. However, polymorphisms in CYP2D6 lead to variable enzymatic capacities. We aimed to examine the impact of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on tamoxifen-derived side effects in breast cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-six patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who received tamoxifen were classified as poor (PM), intermediate (IM), normal (NM), or ultrarapid (UM) metabolizers according to Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines. All patients received 20 mg/day tamoxifen for 5 years, except PM, who were dose-escalated (20 mg/day for 4 months, 40 mg/day for 4 months, 60 mg/day for 4 months, then back to 20 mg/day). Adverse events-osteoarticular pain, hot flashes, asthenia, and uterine changes-were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. A propensity score-matched (PSM) subgroup was also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rapid metabolizers (RM: NM + UM) consistently showed fewer uterine changes compared to slow metabolizers (SM: PM + IM) in both the entire cohort (HR 0.20, p = 0.001) and the PSM subgroup (HR 0.07, p = 0.011). Excluding PM and UM, comparison of IM vs. NM showed similar differences (complete group: HR 0.20, p = 0.002; PSM subgroup: HR 0.23, p = 0.068). Other side effects (joint pain, hot flashes, asthenia) were not significantly associated with CYP2D6 phenotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Uterine alterations in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen appear linked to decreased CYP2D6 activity, although we observed no association between CYP2D6 and other toxicities. These findings suggest closer monitoring for uterine toxicity in individuals with impaired CYP2D6 metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3655-3663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is SBRT the optimal first-line treatment for operable early-stage NSCLC in elderly patients?","authors":"Ana Maria Soto-Cambres, Núria Farré","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03914-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03914-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of screening programs and the increase in life expectancy in developed countries have significantly raised the incidence of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC). Surgery remains the standard of care for ES-NSCLC; however, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become the treatment of choice for patients with inoperable ES-NSCLC. Despite its growing use, there is a lack of robust data from randomized phase III trials comparing SBRT to surgery, mostly due to challenges in recruitment. This gap is particularly pronounced in the elderly, who are often excluded from clinical studies. With the rising incidence of ES-NSCLC and an aging population, non-invasive therapies like SBRT may offer significant advantages by minimizing treatment-related morbidity while effectively controlling the disease. This review critically evaluates the current literature on managing ES-NSCLC in elderly patients and assesses the potential benefits and limitations of SBRT as a standard of care in this complex population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3570-3579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro anticancer effect of epigallocatechin gallate nano-emulsion on head and neck cancers.","authors":"Zahra Khatib Zadeh, Samaneh Arab, Sohrab Kazemi, Mohadeseh Arabhalvaei, Elham Sadat Afraz, Marjan Bahraminasab","doi":"10.1007/s12094-025-03886-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12094-025-03886-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and neck cancer, as one of the most common cancers, causes the death of many people worldwide every year. The current approaches to treat this cancer have not been successful, and recurrence, drug-resistance development, side effects, and high treatment costs are important problems necessitating the need for more effective drugs and treatment approaches. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most plentiful and biological-active catechin in green tea with proved anticancer effect. However, the stability, low bioavailability, and short half-life, limits its clinical use. Nanocarrier development may overcome these deficiencies by improving pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the nano-emulsion containing EGCG for their anticancer activity. First, EGCG nano-emulsion was prepared, which was then characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The toxicity of the nano-emulsion on the TSCC-1 cancer cell line was assessed by MTT and LDH assays. Cell migration rate, colony-formation ability, the apoptosis rate, and the expression level of BAX, BCL2, and VEGF genes after treatment of cancer cells were assessed. Moreover, the effect of EGCG nano-emulsion on the spheroid growth of TSCC-1 cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture was investigated. The FTIR results demonstrated the presence of EGCG in the nano-emulsion. The size and zeta potential of the nano-emulsion with and without EGCG were 17.53 ± 1.62 nm and - 0.166 ± 0.169 mV, and 14.0 ± 2.3 nm and - 0.266 ± 0.169 mV, respectively. The sustained drug release was observed. Moreover, the MTT assay exhibited that the cytotoxicity of the nano-emulsion was significant at a concentration of 80 µg/mL on TSCC-1 cells. The colony-formation assay revealed no colonies in the groups treated with nano-emulsion containing EGCG compared to the control group. The scratch test also showed the ability of nano-emulsion to inhibit cell migration. Furthermore, the induction of delayed apoptosis by 88.3 ± 3.18% was observed in the group treated with EGCG nano-emulsion at a concentration of 80 µg/mL. The expression of BCL2 and VEGF genes significantly decreased, while that of BAX gene increased. Moreover, the 3D culture showed a decrease in the size and growth of spheroids in the EGCG nano-emulsion-treated group compared to the control group. The results showed that the nano-emulsion containing EGCG has significant anticancer activity (TSCC-1) and may be a suitable treatment option for the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.</p>","PeriodicalId":50685,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3745-3762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}