Computer Aided Surgery最新文献

{"title":"The accuracy of 3D image navigation with a cutaneously fixed dynamic reference frame in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.","authors":"Ji Young Cho,&nbsp;Chee Keong Chan,&nbsp;Sang-Ho Lee,&nbsp;Ho-Yeon Lee","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2012.728625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2012.728625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In contrast to preoperative image-based 3D navigation systems, which require surgeon-dependent registration, an intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography (cb-CT) image-based 3D navigation system allows automatic registration during the acquisition of 3D images intraoperatively. Thus, the need for spinal exposure for point matching is obviated, making a cb-CT image-based navigation system ideal for use in minimally invasive spinal procedures. Conventionally, the dynamic reference frame (DRF) is mounted to an adjacent spinous process or iliac bone through a separate incision. However, the close proximity of the DRF to the surgical area may result in its interfering with the surgical procedure or causing streak artifacts on the navigation images. Cutaneous placement of the DRF overlying the sacral hiatus is one possible solution to these problems, but such a placement does not provide a solid bony fixation point and is distant from the surgical area, both of which factors may hinder the accuracy of the navigation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a novel idea for DRF placement in a series of mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedures performed with intraoperative cb-CT image-based 3D navigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From June 2009 to December 2009, 20 patients underwent mini-open TLIF for a total 82 pedicle screws placed in the lumbar spine with cutaneous placement of the DRF overlying the sacral hiatus. The pedicle screws were inserted under navigational guidance using cb-CT data acquired intraoperatively with a Medtronic O-arm. Screw positions were subsequently checked with a final intraoperative cb-CT scan. Nineteen patients underwent single-level fusion (8 at L4-5, 6 at L5-S1, 4 at L3-4, and 1 at L2-3) and one patient underwent two-level fusion (from L3-5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 4 (4.9%) pedicle perforations greater than 2 mm out of the 82 pedicle screw insertions in the 20 patients. Two of these breached screws were repositioned and confirmed to be in place with a final intraoperative cb-CT. There were no complications of neural injury associated with these perforations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A cutaneously mounted DRF overlying the sacral hiatus provides accuracy in intraoperative 3D image guided navigation for mini-open TLIF that is comparable to that obtained in other reported series using a fixed bony attachment point for the DRF.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"17 6","pages":"300-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2012.728625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31001913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive computer-assisted measurement of knee alignment.","authors":"Jon V Clarke,&nbsp;Philip E Riches,&nbsp;Frederic Picard,&nbsp;Angela H Deakin","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2011.635217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2011.635217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quantification of knee alignment is a routine part of orthopaedic practice and is important for monitoring disease progression, planning interventional strategies, and follow-up of patients. Currently available technologies such as radiographic measurements have a number of drawbacks. The aim of this study was to validate a potentially improved technique for measuring knee alignment under different conditions. An image-free navigation system was adapted for non-invasive use through the development of external infrared tracker mountings. Stability was assessed by comparing the variance (F-test) of repeated mechanical femoro-tibial (MFT) angle measurements for a volunteer and a leg model. MFT angles were then measured supine, standing and with varus-valgus stress in asymptomatic volunteers who each underwent two separate registrations and repeated measurements for each condition. The mean difference and 95% limits of agreement were used to assess intra-registration and inter-registration repeatability. For multiple registrations the range of measurements for the external mountings was 1° larger than for the rigid model with statistically similar variance (p=0.34). Thirty volunteers were assessed (19 males, 11 females) with a mean age of 41 years (range: 20-65) and a mean BMI of 26 (range: 19-34). For intra-registration repeatability, consecutive coronal alignment readings agreed to almost ±1°, with up to ±0.5° loss of repeatability for coronal alignment measured before and after stress maneuvers, and a ±0.2° loss following stance trials. Sagittal alignment measurements were less repeatable overall by an approximate factor of two. Inter-registration agreement limits for coronal and sagittal supine MFT angles were ±1.6° and ±2.3°, respectively. Varus and valgus stress measurements agreed to within ±1.3° and ±1.1°, respectively. Agreement limits for standing MFT angles were ±2.9° (coronal) and ±5.0° (sagittal), which may have reflected a variation in stance between measurements. The system provided repeatable, real-time measurements of coronal and sagittal knee alignment under a number of dynamic, real-time conditions, offering a potential alternative to radiographs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"17 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2011.635217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30147293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of analog 2D and digital 3D preoperative templating for predicting implant size in total knee arthroplasty.","authors":"Atsushi Kobayashi,&nbsp;Yoshinori Ishii,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Takeda,&nbsp;Hideo Noguchi,&nbsp;Hiroshi Higuchi,&nbsp;Sinichi Toyabe","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2011.651488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2011.651488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of preoperative templating in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using conventional two-dimensional (2D) and computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional (3D) procedures, and to confirm the necessity of 3D evaluation for preoperative planning. One hundred consecutive primary TKAs were analyzed. Preoperative templating was performed for each TKA using both conventional 2D radiographs and a CT-based 3D image model created using KneeCAS software. Accuracies with regard to the predicted and actual implant sizes were determined for each procedure. The 3D procedure was found to be more accurate (59%) than the 2D procedure (56%) in predicting implant size, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.67). Computer-assisted surgery systems are often used for preoperative planning in TKA. However, our results do not support the superiority of 3D preoperative templating over 2D conventional evaluation in predicting implant size. Thus, 3D templating may not be necessary for preoperatively predicting implant size in TKA, and can only be used as an approximate guide.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"17 2","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2011.651488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30439757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in cerebrovascular simulation and neuronavigation for the optimization of intracranial aneurysm clipping.","authors":"P Marinho,&nbsp;L Thines,&nbsp;L Verscheure,&nbsp;S Mordon,&nbsp;J-P Lejeune,&nbsp;M Vermandel","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2011.653403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2011.653403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) has improved to the extent that in some instances such an approach has now become safer than surgery. This has dramatically changed clinical practice by reducing the volume and increasing the complexity of IAs referred for open surgical treatment. We review the simulation techniques and dedicated vascular neuronavigation systems that have been developed to maintain the quality of aneurysm clipping in this context. Simulation of surgical approaches was made possible by the introduction of high-resolution 3D imaging techniques such as three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) and three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA), enabling reproduction of the craniotomy and rotation of the vascular tree according to the orientation of the operative microscope. A virtual simulator for compiling such data, the Dextroscope®, is now available for this purpose. Simulation of final clipping has been investigated through virtual or physical models, enabling anticipation of aneurysm deformation during clip application and selection of the appropriate clip(s) in terms of number, size, shape and orientation. To improve surgical dissection guidance, specific cerebrovascular neuronavigation procedures have been developed based on 3D-CTA or 3D-DSA. These help make the operation secure by accurately predicting the location and orientation of an aneurysm within its parenchymal and vascular environment. Future simulators dedicated to cerebrovascular procedures will need to integrate representation of the brain surface and biomechanical modeling of brain and aneurysm wall deformation under retraction or during clipping. They should contribute to training and maintenance of surgical skills, thereby optimizing the quality of surgical treatment in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"17 2","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2011.653403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30471933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and limitations of computer-guided curettage of benign bone tumors.","authors":"Hyun-Il Lee,&nbsp;Jong Sup Shim,&nbsp;Hee Jeong Jin,&nbsp;Sung Wook Seo","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2012.655780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2012.655780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate curettage of benign bone tumors located close to articular joints or neurovascular tissue is difficult without damaging those tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of tumor removal in computer-assisted curettage of benign bone tumors. The study is a prospective case series involving eight patients with benign bone tumors located near an articular joint or major neurovascular tissue. Image-to-patient registration with the navigation system was performed using paired-points methods in conjunction with CT images. A cortical window was created to visualize the tumor cavity. After removal of the gross tumor with sharp curettes, a specially designed burr attached to a navigation probe was used to monitor the location of the burr tip in real time. The high-speed burr extended the bony margin a few millimeters over the cavity wall. The empty cavity was then filled with bone cement. We assessed the accuracy of curettage and articular involvement by comparing pre- and post-operative CT images. In all cases, deeply seated or multi-cystic tumors were sufficiently removed according to the pre- and post-operative fusion CT images. The subchondral bone was punctured when the initial thickness of the subchondral bone was less than 2.5 mm. However, use of the computer-guided burr was safe if the thickness of the subchondral bone was greater than 3 mm. Computer-assisted curettage is a safe and useful method for localizing deeply seated benign bone tumors. However, use of the burr should be avoided when the bone thickness is less than 3 mm to avoid major tissue damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"17 2","pages":"56-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2012.655780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30471934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a CT-3D fluoroscopy matching navigation system to the pelvic and femoral regions.","authors":"Masaki Takao,&nbsp;Takashi Nishii,&nbsp;Takashi Sakai,&nbsp;Nobuhiko Sugano","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2012.654823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2012.654823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to find the proper location of the fluoroscopic imaging center in order to apply a CT-based 3D fluoroscopy matching navigation system in the pelvic and femoral regions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To simulate surgeries around the hip joint, a dry human pelvis and femur were used. A total of 16 fiducial markers, each consisting of a metal ball 1.5 mm in diameter, were fixed to the pelvis and femur. For the pelvis, the pubic symphysis, the acetabular fossa, and a site on the ilium 3 cm above the acetabular roof were selected as fluoroscopic imaging centers. For the proximal femur, the base of the femoral neck, the femoral shaft at the level of the lesser trochanter, and the inferior border of the great trochanter were selected as fluoroscopic imaging centers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Target registration error (TRE) differed significantly among the selected fluoroscopic imaging centers. The best mean TRE for the pelvis was 0.8 mm (range: 0.2 to 1.6 mm) with the imaging center on the ilium (3 cm above the acetabular roof). The best mean TRE for the proximal femur was 1.1 mm (range: 0.2 to 2.0 mm) with the imaging center on the femoral shaft at the lesser trochanter level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fluoroscopic imaging center location had a significant effect on the accuracy of the CT-based 3D fluoroscopy matching navigation system in the pelvic and femoral regions. The proper fluoroscopic imaging centers for CT-3D fluoroscopic matching were, for the pelvis, a site on the ilium 3 cm above the acetabular roof, and for the proximal femur, the femoral shaft at the level of the lesser trochanter.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"17 2","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2012.654823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30471935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image guided surgical navigation integrating \"mirroring\" computational planning based on intra-operative cone-beam CT imaging: a promising new approach for management of primary bilateral midfacial fractures.","authors":"Andrej Terzic,&nbsp;Paolo Scolozzi","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2011.581901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2011.581901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cosmetic and functional re-establishment following primary or secondary treatment of comminuted and complex midfacial fractures remains a challenge for surgeons. Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) has revolutionized the conceptualization and approach to these reconstructions and has become a reliable part of the surgical armamentarium. Computer aided design/modeling (CAD/CAM) software that allows \"mirroring\" planning coupled to navigation systems has dramatically improved surgical strategies in reconstructive surgery of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton, particularly with respect to the prediction of suitable symmetric bone repositioning. So far, however, use of this approach has been limited to unilateral cases, with a non-fractured contralateral side being considered the condition sine qua non for the application of such a technique and the \"mirroring\" planning being performed on pre-operative CT imaging. We report a case of complex primary reconstruction in a patient presenting with bilateral midfacial fractures, using complete intra-operative sequence processing with a navigation system integrating \"mirroring\" computational planning based on a mobile C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan with a flat-panel detector. To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have yet been reported involving the use of this sequencing method in the primary management of bilateral midfacial fracture reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"16 4","pages":"170-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2011.581901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30240177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of frames of reference used for tibial component rotation in total knee arthroplasty.","authors":"Stephen R Page,&nbsp;Angela H Deakin,&nbsp;Anthony P Payne,&nbsp;Frederic Picard","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2011.552252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2011.552252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated seven different frames of reference used for tibial component rotation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to determine which ones showed good reliability between bone specimens. An optoelectronic system based around a computer-assisted surgical navigation system was used to measure and locate 34 individual anatomical landmarks on 40 tibias. Each particular frame of reference was reconstructed from a group of data points taken from the surface of each bone. The transverse axis was used as the baseline to which the other axes were compared, and the differences in angular rotation between the other six reference frames and the transverse axis were calculated. There was high variability in the tibial rotational alignment associated with all frames of reference. Of the references widely used in current TKA procedures, the tibial tuberosity axis and the anterior condylar axis had lower standard deviations (6.1° and 7.3°, respectively) than the transmalleolar axis and the posterior condylar axis (9.3° for both). In conclusion, we found high variability in the frames of reference used for tibial rotation alignment. However, the anterior condylar axis and transverse axis may warrant further tests with the use of navigation. Combining different frames of reference such as the tibial tuberosity axis, anterior condylar axis and transverse axis may reduce the range of errors found in all of these measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"16 2","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2011.552252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29646487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A custom-made guide for femoral component positioning in hip resurfacing arthroplasty: development and validation study.","authors":"E Audenaert,&nbsp;K De Smedt,&nbsp;F Gelaude,&nbsp;T Clijmans,&nbsp;C Pattyn,&nbsp;B Geebelen","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2011.613951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2011.613951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the field of hip resurfacing arthroplasty, accurate femoral component placement is important to achieving a positive outcome and implant survival in both the short and long term. In this study, femoral component placement was defined preoperatively using virtual computed tomography-based surgical simulation of a classical posterior surgical approach. Custom-made surgical drill guides were produced to reproduce the surgical plan in the operating room. We first developed a custom-made guide for guide-wire placement to position the femoral resurfacing component. Then, to assess the accuracy in vivo, the custom-made guide was evaluated in five patients with normal anatomy. The first hypothesis of this patient study was that the use of custom-made neck guides would allow for an average accuracy within the range of ± 4° for the drill path and ± 4 mm for the entry point of the guide-wire. A second hypothesis was that three-dimensional preoperative planning would enable the prediction of an implant size differing by a maximum of one size from the size eventually implanted. The presented hip resurfacing guide performed well in terms of fit, stability and accuracy. The in vivo accuracy study revealed an accuracy of 4.05 ± 1.84° for the drill path and 2.73 ± 1.97 mm for the entry point of the guide-wire. The predicted component sizes and the implanted component sizes differed maximally by one size, confirming our hypothesis. We conclude that these preliminary data are promising, but require further validation in a full clinical setting in larger patient groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"16 6","pages":"304-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2011.613951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29994893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a femoral template for computer-assisted tunnel placement in anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction.","authors":"J W H Luites,&nbsp;A B Wymenga,&nbsp;L Blankevoort,&nbsp;J M G Kooloos,&nbsp;N Verdonschot","doi":"10.3109/10929088.2010.541040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2010.541040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Femoral graft placement is an important factor in the success of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In addition to improving the accuracy of femoral tunnel placement, Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) can be used to determine the anatomic location. This is achieved by using a 3D femoral template which indicates the position of the anatomical ACL center based on endoscopically measurable landmarks. This study describes the development and application of this method. The template is generated through statistical shape analysis of the ACL insertion, with respect to the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles. The ligament insertion data, together with the osteocartilage edge on the lateral notch, were mapped onto a cylinder fitted to the intercondylar notch surface (n = 33). Anatomic variation, in terms of standard variation of the positions of the ligament centers in the template, was within 2.2 mm. The resulting template was programmed in a computer-assisted navigation system for ACL replacement and its accuracy and precision were determined on 31 femora. It was found that with the navigation system the AM and PL tunnels could be positioned with an accuracy of 2.5 mm relative to the anatomic insertion centers; the precision was 2.4 mm. This system consists of a template that can easily be implemented in 3D computer navigation software. Requiring no preoperative images and planning, the system provides adequate accuracy and precision to position the entrance of the femoral tunnels for anatomical single- or double-bundle ACL reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50644,"journal":{"name":"Computer Aided Surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10929088.2010.541040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29569685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}