IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogen adsorption on titanium-decorated carbyne C12 ring: a DFT study","authors":"G. R. Pedrosa, H. L. Ong, A. R. Villagracia","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the current landscape of increasing focus on green technology, hydrogen fuel emerges as a pivotal alternative energy source. While existing technology facilitates hydrogen use in fuel cells, the practicality of this fuel could be significantly enhanced with a more efficient and safer storage approach. Researchers are actively exploring one-dimensional systems as potential hydrogen storage solutions, yielding promising outcomes. A notable study delved into the hydrogen storage capacity and performance of a Ti-decorated carbyne ring using density functional theory calculations. The researchers observed a robust, non-deforming bond between the Ti adatom and the carbyne ring, displaying characteristics akin to ionic bonding. Detailed analyses of electronic properties, including density of states and band structure, highlighted a strong interaction through the alignment of p-orbitals with the Ti atom. Upon the adsorption of H2 onto the decorated carbyne ring, it was noted that the Ti-decorated systems could each adsorb up to six H2 molecules, exhibiting weak physisorption energies within the Van der Waals range. The charge density profile indicated a dipole-dipole interaction, affirming the potential of the material as a viable H2 storage medium. In conclusion, as green technology advances, hydrogen fuel, especially when stored innovatively with materials like the Ti-decorated carbyne ring, emerges as a crucial component in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the effects of increased and mixed chord lengths for a 4-bladed darrieus vertical axis wind turbine","authors":"K H Wong, C T J Lim, J. H. Ng, A. Fazlizan, X H Wang","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increasing amounts of study and research on vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have shown that they are a competitive option in wind energy power generation. However, the VAWT’s primary drawback is low power efficiencies. Although there are several studies on the effects of solidity on Darrieus VAWT performances, few focus on the effect of the aerofoil chord length. Hence, in the present study, 2D numerical simulations are performed to explore the effects of different aerofoil chord lengths on the performance of a Darrieus VAWT. The simulation was first validated with the experimental data from the literature. The studied turbine is a 4-bladed VAWT fitted with NACA0021 blades with an original chord length, c of 85.8 mm and another with an increased chord length of 1.2 c (102.96 mm). Additionally, a modified rotor geometry with mixed chord lengths of c and 1.2 c to improve turbine performance is proposed and investigated. The coefficients of power (C\u0000 P) and torque (C\u0000 T) for tip speed ratios (TSRs) between 1.4 and 3.3 for each of the turbines are evaluated and comparatively analysed. All the data was obtained using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent in conjunction with the shear stress transport (SST) k−ω turbulence model. The findings show that the turbine with 1.2 c chord length and hence larger solidity outperforms those with smaller chord lengths at low TSRs. However, their performances decrease significantly at TSRs above 2.5, resulting in up to 86.1% lower C\u0000 P values. The mixed chord lengths case was successful at achieving significantly higher C\u0000 P values at both TSR ranges with only a decrease of 3.03% in maximum C\u0000 P at its optimum TSR.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of nitrate, phosphate and ammonia removal in wastewater by phytoremediation-vortex system using artificial neural network","authors":"D. Cuevas, C. Pescos, L. Carrillo, A. Sibal, N. Guevarra","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Clean water is an essential component for human survival. However, the growing global population and the relentless pace of industrial development have resulted in an alarming increase in water contamination. This renders many bodies of water as unfit for consumption or usage. In order to safeguard our natural resources, it is imperative that wastewater should be treated to follow a standard set by environmental specialists. In the Philippines, the enactment of the DAO 2021-19 has updated the requirements for release to more stringent standards. Because of this, a tertiary treatment, such as a phytoremediation bed, can be employed as an additional step in a wastewater treatment process. This study involves a comprehensive approach that consists of a phytoremediation setup, which includes the use of three plant species and specialized soil matrices, and a vortex system. The three plant species, Phragmites australis, Vetiveria zizanioides, and Canna indica are known for their capability for removal of the three pollutants, nitrates, phosphates and ammonia. The phytoremediation-vortex system was able to remove the pollutants and effectively reduce the pollutant concentration that the treated wastewater passes the standards for release. The predictive model, artificial neural network (ANN), was employed to assess the results. By using this technique, the study aimed to not only understand the intricate workings of the vortex system but also to optimise its performance for the effective reduction of pollutants, such as, nitrates, phosphates and ammonia, in wastewater. This research represents a critical step towards developing sustainable and efficient solutions for addressing the pressing challenges posed by water pollution, thereby fostering the availability of clean and potable water for human consumption and various industrial purposes.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Startup characteristics of a water loop heat pipe with dual heat sources for battery thermal management system in electric vehicle","authors":"A. M. Fathoni, P. A. Hendrayanto, M. S. Aliefiansyah, N. Putra","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The usage of electric vehicles has significantly reduced emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. However, the high heat release generated by the electric vehicle batteries poses a challenge. To solve this problem, scientists have created a passive cooling thermal management system specifically for electric vehicle based on heat pipes, particularly loop heat pipes. A battery pack often consists of several battery modules, which results in multiple heat sources being dispersed according to their power capacity. Startup behavior of loop heat pipe has been investigated extensively in the literature. However, most of the studies use only one heat source. This paper aims to fill the research gap, particularly when the system is implemented in dual heat sources managed by only one evaporator. To achieve the research objectives, a custom loop heat pipe was constructed. This cooling system’s design is briefly described. The evaporator is made of copper, deionized water was selected as the working fluid because of its high merit number, which indicates strong performance as a heat pipe working fluid and the stainless-steel wire mesh serves as the porous wick. Battery simulator was built using aluminum material and a cartridge heater to mimic the heat produced by the battery. Two case studies were done. First, only one battery simulator was used. Second, two battery simulators were placed on both sides of the evaporator. A type-K thermocouple attached to the NI DAQ 9214 module was used to measure the temperature while the electric heat load varied between 10 W and 50 W. The study investigated the interaction between the heat load distribution and the startup behavior of the loop heat pipe. Startup behavior is crucial for the performance of the loop heat pipe. Based on the experimental results, the loop heat pipe demonstrates outstanding startup performance. It can effectively initiate operation even at a minimal heat load as low as 30 W for the first and second case study. The findings of the study indicate that the dual heat source arrangement effectively mitigates overshoot temperatures and enhances heat transfer performance by increasing the contact area.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive bibliometric review and analysis on the evolution of nanotube-based hydrogen storage materials via DFT simulations","authors":"A. R. Villagracia","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrogen’s promise as a clean energy carrier is tempered by the challenges of efficient storage and safety concerns. While it offers an alternative to finite fossil fuel resources, current hydrogen storage methods, like cryo-compression and liquefaction, are often economically impractical. To tackle these issues, researchers are turning to nanotube materials (NTMs), crystalline substances with unique attributes ideal for hydrogen storage. Structural adaptability - NTMs can be precisely engineered for optimized hydrogen adsorption. These materials boast significant porosity, providing ample room for hydrogen molecules. NTMs offer a large surface area, enhancing their hydrogen adsorption capacity. NTMs employ weak van der Waals forces for hydrogen adsorption, enabling easy release via heat or pressure. Efforts are underway to enhance NTMs’ surface area and hydrogen uptake capabilities, along with a focus on mechanisms like the hydrogen spill-over for achieving high-density storage. NTMs go beyond storage; they can act as proton exchange membranes and fuel cell electrodes, making them versatile components in hydrogen-based energy systems. One strategy for improving NTM hydrogen storage involves introducing dopants or defects. Transition metals, due to their ability to attract and store hydrogen molecules in NTMs, are commonly explored. However, this addition may reduce the material’s gravimetric density, a critical practical consideration. In summary, research into NTMs and their potential for hydrogen storage via density functional theory is ongoing. This work explores strategies to enhance hydrogen storage, especially through transition metal doped NTMs. While these metals can improve hydrogen adsorption, the trade- offs in gravimetric density must be carefully weighed. Overall, this research contributes to the broader goal of harnessing hydrogen’s potential as a clean energy carrier, addressing the world’s growing energy needs.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and analyzing patterns of residential manual window operation","authors":"M Li, J G Gao, T Li, G D Liu, C C Hu, Y Q Liu","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012094","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Window operating behaviour can improve indoor air quality, human thermal comfort, and building energy efficiency. Studies on occupants’ window opening behaviour in hot summer and warm winter region of China are limited and influencing factors and prediction models are not clear. Another limitation is the large number of proposed machine learning-based window opening behaviour models. However, the applicability and stability of these models in different datasets has not been proven. In response to these questions, modelling and field measurements were conducted in Quanzhou, China. Two different types of window-opening behaviour were noticed in the tested households. The first type was the all-closed windows, which had an average daily window-opening rate of 0.03%. The second type was the low-intensity window opening. The average daily window-opening rate was 10.6% and 9.1%, respectively. Then, the analysis of point biserial correlation coefficients revealed different reasons for closing windows in low-intensity households. One household closed the windows due to high outdoor humidity and the other mainly due to high outdoor wind speed and outdoor temperature. Furthermore, the suitable hyperparameters were screened for the support vector machine (SVM) model by K-fold cross-validation and grid search. The prediction model achieved an accuracy of 98.5% on the test set. Finally, the SVM model was trained and tested to verify the robustness of the model using data from the published literature. The prediction accuracy was improved from 0.7% to 7.4% compared to the different models used in the published literature.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the adaptability of energy management to thermal management of PEMFCs","authors":"Y. Luo, M. A. H. Ali, N. N. N. Ghazali, W. T. Chong, H. C. Liu, H Chen, S. K. Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The stable output of power and the effective control of stack temperature play a very important role in the durability and stability of fuel cell hybrid vehicles. In actual working conditions, energy management of power system and thermal management of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) need to be coordinated with each other to jointly ensure the efficient and stable operation of vehicles, however, most of the research in these two directions is independent. In response to the research gaps mentioned above, the concept of adaptability has been proposed for the first time with the aim of combining these two systems for research. This paper takes the fuel cell hybrid vehicle as the research object and establishes the energy management system and thermal management system model based on Matlab/Simulink software. In order to investigate the adaptability of energy management strategies to the temperature control system, two representative types of rule-based and optimization-based energy management strategies (power-following strategy, PFS, and adaptive equivalent hydrogen consumption minimization strategy, A-EHMS) are designed to be numerically simulated in the driving cycle condition of the UDDS, and then combined with the temperature control system of the fuel cell to comparatively analyze the above two types of energy management strategies from the perspectives of power allocation and the impact on the thermal management system. The results show that the PFS provides better protection for the battery under the same operating conditions. And from the perspective of fuel economy and adaptability to the temperature control system, the fuel consumption of A-EHMS is reduced by 12.5% and the adaptability to the temperature control system is improved by about 13.5% compared to PFS.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"75 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing a dew point evaporative cooler in data center applications","authors":"W. C. Yan, C J Yang, Y L Liu, L W Jin, X Cui, X. Z. Meng","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012090","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The escalating energy consumption of data centers has led to a pressing need for energy-efficient cooling solutions. This paper presents a countercurrent dew point evaporative cooler (DPEC) for data center refrigeration. We developed and experimentally validated a numerical model for DPEC, then formulated regression models using the response surface method. These models link eight key design factors, including geometrical and operational factors, to three performance indices: cooling capacity per unit volume, coefficient of performance, and outlet primary air temperature. We assessed the extent of factor influence on these indices. By using these regression models as objective functions, we used the genetic algorithm for design optimization under two climatic conditions, resulting in various optimal parameter combinations. Our findings highlight the strong predictive accuracy of these models. In comparison to the original design, the optimal design achieved an improvement of 104.8%, an increase of 23.9%, and a reduction of 13.8% in the three indices.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"181 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer simulation for re-design of tray dryer to reduce the energy consumption in the cocoa bean drying process","authors":"I. A. Dharma, M. G. Z. Haikal, M. Ridlwan, S. A. Dewanto, M. A. Rahman","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012095","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The tray dryer for the cocoa bean drying process is a solution to overcome conventional drying methods that rely on solar heat. The tray dryer is expected to facilitate the cocoa farmers to dry cocoa beans because it is faster and does not depend on weather conditions. However, even though the current condition of the tray dryer can reduce the energy consumption of drying cocoa beans (from Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia) compared to the solar heat method, it remains unknown whether the cocoa beans drying quality is good enough. Therefore, this research analyzed the heat transfer phenomena of the cocoa drying process using the computational simulation method to re-design the current tray dryer design so that the new design can fit the drying characteristic of the cocoa bean and reduce energy consumption. As a result, for the air velocity of 25.91 m/s and the ½ opening of the gas valve in 10 minutes, which is already at steady-state conditions, the temperature distribution in the existing tray dryer is not suitable with the characteristics of the cocoa beans drying process. The temperature can be increased by reducing the airflow velocity or increasing the heating value by opening the valve. However, with a new design, the temperature can be increased by up to 37.00% at a velocity of 25.91 m/s with a ½ gas valve opening. Furthermore, the new design can achieve the same conditions as the existing design by only using an opening for a 1/8 gas valve. Thus, using the new design, the tray dryer can achieve the drying characteristics of cocoa beans and reduce energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mini review on circularity framework for textile waste in healthcare","authors":"A. Zandberga, J. Gušča, D. Blumberga, S. Kalniņš","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The growing impact of the healthcare sector and its environmental consequences (energy-intensive processes, material consumption and waste generation) require rapid actions to be implemented widely. To meet the environmental and climate change challenges faced by the healthcare sector, this review paper discusses how circularity frameworks can be applied to medical textile waste. This review paper explores existing circularity frameworks to address the challenges resulting from textile waste in the healthcare sector. Textile waste, primarily originating from medical garments (scrubs, isolation gowns), patient apparel and bedding, surgical textiles, wound care textiles, personal protective equipment (masks, gowns and aprons), textiles for diagnostic purposes (medical imaging), and textiles for hygiene and sanitation, present an environmental impact due to their non-biodegradability and energy-intensive production processes. This paper conducts a thorough mini review of those circularity frameworks applied to healthcare textile waste along the product’s life cycle within hospitals. The review focuses on the current waste management practices of the hospitals and evaluates innovative circular economy interventions. Case studies and pilot projects that have successfully operated circularity frameworks for managing healthcare textiles waste are included in the review to provide practical insight.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}