IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Designing an absorber for solar photovoltaic thermal systems: a heat pipe approach and comparative evaluation","authors":"A. D. Kamble, D. Das, P. Kalita","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Renewable energy power generation is extensively promoting for the global objective of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy leads all renewables due to its ubiquitous nature which can be harvested by solar thermal and solar photovoltaic devices. Solar PV is used widely because of its flexibility in working with both direct and diffuse radiation. However, PV systems experience efficiency loss for every degree rise of solar cell temperature above room temperature. Solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors are proposed for co-generation of electrical and thermal energy by utilizing excess heat generated in the PV layer. The low heat transfer rate, energy-intensive nature, and freezing of working fluid in colder regions are some problems that persist in water- and air-based PV/Ts, leading us to consider alternatives. Thus, the present study addresses the current opportunities by utilizing heat pipes as PV/T absorbers. Heat pipe PVT is a passive system which operates in phase transition facilitating a tremendous amount of heat transfer enhancement. To enhance the efficiency of PV/T systems, the integration of advanced technologies, like heat pipe thermal absorbers, becomes imperative. Incorporating cutting-edge solutions, such as heat pipe thermal absorbers, is essential to optimize the performance of PV/T systems. Hence, the current study provides insight into heat pipe design through a case study on the application of heat pipes as thermal absorbers for photovoltaic systems. The existing absorbers with fluid flow configurations like Raster, Spiral or Rectangular spiral, etc. used in PV/T are considered as reference. Copper as tube material and water as working fluid are found to be compatible with each other for the proposed heat pipe. The maximum heat input of 0.55kW is computed by the inadequacy of the mentioned existing PVTs to extract the maximum available heat from the PV surface. Additionally, an analytical approach used to define the optimum size of the system and calculation of minimum requirement of tubes. The optimized design of copper heat pipes was found to be ½ inch in diameter and at least ten heat pipes were required to transfer a computed heat flux of 466kW/m\u0000 2 per pipe to outperform the existing PV/Ts.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-principles calculation of monolayer PdSe2 with Se and Pd vacancy and its effect on quantum capacitance","authors":"K. A. Paz, A. R. Villagracia, M. Y. David","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The emergence of 2-D materials such as graphene has caught the attention of the scientific community. 2-D materials have a higher surface area per unit mass, which is ideal for electrodes. Another popular material among researchers is the monolayer palladium diselenide or PdSe2, a semiconductor with a tunable bandgap energy. Since there are fewer states in the fermi level of PdSe2, the quantization effect is more prevalent, hence, it would most likely draw its capacitance from its electronic configuration. In this study, the electronic properties such as band structure, density of states, and quantum capacitance of pristine monolayer PdSe2, PdSe2 with Se, and Pd vacancy were calculated based on density functional theory via Quantum Espresso. The formation energies of all systems were energetically favourable. The system with Se vacancy has the highest formation energy with a value of -3.47 eV. The density of states of all systems were observed to have a local minima at the fermi level. More occupiable states around the valence band were observed for the systems with vacancy. Bader charge analysis showed a notable decrease of charge in Se atoms near the Pd vacancy, while the Pd atoms in the Se vacated system showed stronger charge transfer between Pd and another Se atom. The quantum capacitance and surface charge values were calculated using the density of states. Higher surface charge values at the negative voltage were observed for the systems with induced vacancies. Based on the results, the systems with vacancies have improved the quantum capacitance and surface charge at the negative potential.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"2008 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of using hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract in creating a sunscreen formula","authors":"K. M. Francisco, S. T. Allam, A. K. Caldona, M. D. De Jesus, N. Lubaton, S. Sandoval, I. Baylon, C. Tugade","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wearing sunscreen products protects human skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract as additional raw materials in creating a sunscreen formula. This study aims to evaluate the acceptability of the sunscreen formulation in terms of determining its sun protection factor using UV-vis spectrophotometry, ability to remain on the surface using water resistance testing, and shelf life using a stability chamber. The methodology begins with obtaining a modified hydrophobic silica aerogel classified as cosmetic grade. The sunscreen formulation has a combination of 2 wt. % of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 3 wt.% of grape seed oil, and other ingredients using thermal procedures. The results demonstrated that the addition of hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract in sunscreen formulation exhibits satisfactory UV protection attaining an SPF value of 28.17073 which indicates a medium sun protection factor according to the standardized category of SPF values. On the contrary, the sunscreen without the active ingredients has an SPF value of 4.762. Additionally, both sunscreen’s water resistance was assessed by testing a total of 60 minutes in both tap water and salt water. The findings showed that both samples of sunscreens in tap water were more resistant compared to saltwater. Furthermore, the sunscreen with hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract stayed intact and did not dissolve in tap water after a 40-minute exposure time, but it did gradually disintegrate after 20 minutes in salt water since salt water has a higher density than tap water. In stability testing of both sunscreen formulations, the results revealed that the moisture content of the sunscreen formulation with hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract does not exceed 10% which indicates a low presence of oil. Hence, it proves its stability under the controlled conditions of 40°C and 75% relative humidity examined over one (1) month since it had a high moisture content of 78.98% obtained using the gravimetric method. For the sunscreen without these ingredients, the total moisture content under the same conditions and method is 29.07%. Thus, it indicates a high presence of oil and does not attain the standard moisture content for sunscreens. Overall, the evaluated performance of adding the hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract to the sunscreen formulation ensures its efficacy regarding its SPF, water resistance, and shelf life.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Evaluation of Their Effect Against some Virulence Factors of Opportunistic Systemic Mycoses Fungi","authors":"Marthad Aiham Alazzawi, Hamzia Ali Ajah, Nadheer Jassim Mohammed","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1371/5/052082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1371/5/052082","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate in vitro the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles made from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots against a few opportunistic systemic mycoses fungi by 15 isolates total 11 isolates of Candida spp. and 4 isolates of Cryptococcus spp. were used for the analysis of AgNPs using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1]-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) test was used to determine the impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra AgNPs roots at sub-MIC on the viability of fungal isolates, In all fungal isolates, the viability was reduced at varying sub-MIC AgNPs concentrations and pH values, the extracellular phospholipase synthesis was measured using the egg yolk agar plate method, and the Pz value was determined by measuring the diameter of the colonies and the diameter of the preceptation zone surrounding the colony, the statistical analysis results showed significant (p≤0.05) differences between treatment and control of all isolates, the findings demonstrated that of the fifteen fungal isolates in pH5, none of them produced an enzyme called phospholipase; three isolates in pH7 did not produce an enzyme called phospholipase; eleven isolates had weak phospholipase activity, and the phospholipase activity of one isolate was modest.; and eleven isolates in pH9 had both weak and moderate phospholipase activity.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"1371 5","pages":"052082-052082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1371/5/052082/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147909623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and modeling of fresh air systems usage behavior in residential buildings in Beijing during heating season","authors":"K. Liu, X H Zhang, R. K. Cao, Z R He, T Li, Y Q Liu, S J Gao, S Pan","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fresh air systems (FAS) represent an excellent solution for improving indoor air quality. Because FAS has a significant impact on buildings’ energy consumption, it is vital to investigate FAS usage behavior. At present, there is a research gap with respect to individualized FAS usage behavior and prediction models for residential buildings. From November 15th, 2018 to March 15th, 2019, this paper conducted a field measurement and modeling study of FAS usage behavior in thirteen Beijing households. During heating season, the FAS is used intermittently, with an average daily opening duration of 17.5 hours. Based on the “average daily opening duration”, two FAS usage behaviors were identified: economical households and conventional households. The average daily indoor particles matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration was observed to be lower in FAS-using households (16.19 μg/m3, 12.30 μg/m3) than in non-FAS-using households (46.1 μg/m3). Outdoor PM2.5 concentration is a motivating factor for FAS opening. The paper used binary logistic regression to predict the FAS status of both economical and conventional households (two classified models), as well as for all tested households (unclassified model). These results suggest that classified models (84.1%, 83.5%) have greater accuracy than the unclassified model (75.9%), opening the possibility of using the average daily opening duration to classify and examine FAS usage behavior. The study provides accurate field data for evaluating FAS usage behavior, as well as a reference for further simulating the energy consumption of FAS-using households.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of biodiesel from non-edible waste palm oil and sterculia foetida using microwave irradiation","authors":"J. Milano, S. K. Tiong, S. R. Chia, M. Y. Ong, A. Sebayang, M. A. Kalam","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The environmental damage stemming from traditional diesel begins during crude oil extraction and persists throughout its usage. The burning of fossil fuels has further deteriorate the environmental effect and added to global warming by emitting harmful substances. Moreover, the reduction of finite fossil fuel reserves due to widespread extraction has made the adoption of renewable resources essential. Given these considerations, biodiesel emerges as a highly promising alternative to conventional diesel due to its environmentally beneficial nature, renewable source, and economic feasibility. In this study, biodiesel was prepared by a microwave reactor in the presence of potassium methoxide using blended waste palm oil and sterculia foetida. The effects of raw materials characteristics on transesterification products were studied. The studied process parameters were methanol/oil ratio, microwave temperature, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and stirring speed. The optimal yield with 98.5% FAME content was obtained at a methanol/oil ratio of 60 vol. %, microwave temperature of 120 °C, catalyst concentration of 0.3 wt.%, and 3 min reaction time, and stirring speed of 500 rpm. The potassium methoxide was used to catalyse the transesterification process. The physicochemical properties and the fatty acid methyl ester composition were discussed thoroughly. The flash point of biodiesel, at 157.5°C, exceeds that of diesel fuel by more than two times. The cetane index is 59.5 which is higher than diesel (49.6). The biodiesel’s fuel properties conformed to the requirements of both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. High biodiesel conversion and low sulphur content show that waste palm oil and sterculia foetida are sustainable and economical feedstocks that produce clean fuel to aid the feasibility of the energy transition of the global energy sector. In addition, the selection of synthesis approaches can be further explored for potential catalysts to ensure eco-green biodiesel’s sustainability with minimised.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and study of the factors involved in the accident rate of vehicles, during the period 2017-2022 in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador.","authors":"David Caizaluisa, Joel Dávila, Paúl Molina, Néstor Rivera","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1370/1/012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1370/1/012010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, the factors involved in the incidence of vehicular accidents during the period 2017-2022 in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador, were studied with the purpose of identifying the most influential variables in traffic accidents. From the methodological point of view, an analytical and descriptive research approach was adopted. The methodological process started with an exploratory study based on data provided by the National Traffic Agency (ANT), which records the accidents that occurred from January 2017, to December 2022. For the statistical analysis of the data, a free software tool was used. After carrying out an exhaustive analysis, it was concluded that there is no significant variation by month or by time slot in the incidence of accidents. The primary cause identified was speeding, followed by disregarding traffic signals, with the third cause being picking up and dropping off passengers in unauthorized areas. Additionally, it was observed that the canton of Quito had a higher implication in terms of accident frequency. Throughout the study period, a decrease in the incidence of accidents was noted until 2020. However, an upturn in the trend was observed in 2021, although 14 fewer accidents were recorded in 2022 compared to 2021. The completion of this study is crucial as understanding the causes of accidents enables the implementation of measures to enhance road safety, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents and safeguarding lives. Identifying the underlying causes of accidents can contribute significantly to preventing injuries and fatalities.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen adsorption on titanium-decorated carbyne C12 ring: a DFT study","authors":"G. R. Pedrosa, H. L. Ong, A. R. Villagracia","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the current landscape of increasing focus on green technology, hydrogen fuel emerges as a pivotal alternative energy source. While existing technology facilitates hydrogen use in fuel cells, the practicality of this fuel could be significantly enhanced with a more efficient and safer storage approach. Researchers are actively exploring one-dimensional systems as potential hydrogen storage solutions, yielding promising outcomes. A notable study delved into the hydrogen storage capacity and performance of a Ti-decorated carbyne ring using density functional theory calculations. The researchers observed a robust, non-deforming bond between the Ti adatom and the carbyne ring, displaying characteristics akin to ionic bonding. Detailed analyses of electronic properties, including density of states and band structure, highlighted a strong interaction through the alignment of p-orbitals with the Ti atom. Upon the adsorption of H2 onto the decorated carbyne ring, it was noted that the Ti-decorated systems could each adsorb up to six H2 molecules, exhibiting weak physisorption energies within the Van der Waals range. The charge density profile indicated a dipole-dipole interaction, affirming the potential of the material as a viable H2 storage medium. In conclusion, as green technology advances, hydrogen fuel, especially when stored innovatively with materials like the Ti-decorated carbyne ring, emerges as a crucial component in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the effects of increased and mixed chord lengths for a 4-bladed darrieus vertical axis wind turbine","authors":"K H Wong, C T J Lim, J. H. Ng, A. Fazlizan, X H Wang","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increasing amounts of study and research on vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have shown that they are a competitive option in wind energy power generation. However, the VAWT’s primary drawback is low power efficiencies. Although there are several studies on the effects of solidity on Darrieus VAWT performances, few focus on the effect of the aerofoil chord length. Hence, in the present study, 2D numerical simulations are performed to explore the effects of different aerofoil chord lengths on the performance of a Darrieus VAWT. The simulation was first validated with the experimental data from the literature. The studied turbine is a 4-bladed VAWT fitted with NACA0021 blades with an original chord length, c of 85.8 mm and another with an increased chord length of 1.2 c (102.96 mm). Additionally, a modified rotor geometry with mixed chord lengths of c and 1.2 c to improve turbine performance is proposed and investigated. The coefficients of power (C\u0000 P) and torque (C\u0000 T) for tip speed ratios (TSRs) between 1.4 and 3.3 for each of the turbines are evaluated and comparatively analysed. All the data was obtained using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent in conjunction with the shear stress transport (SST) k−ω turbulence model. The findings show that the turbine with 1.2 c chord length and hence larger solidity outperforms those with smaller chord lengths at low TSRs. However, their performances decrease significantly at TSRs above 2.5, resulting in up to 86.1% lower C\u0000 P values. The mixed chord lengths case was successful at achieving significantly higher C\u0000 P values at both TSR ranges with only a decrease of 3.03% in maximum C\u0000 P at its optimum TSR.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of nitrate, phosphate and ammonia removal in wastewater by phytoremediation-vortex system using artificial neural network","authors":"D. Cuevas, C. Pescos, L. Carrillo, A. Sibal, N. Guevarra","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Clean water is an essential component for human survival. However, the growing global population and the relentless pace of industrial development have resulted in an alarming increase in water contamination. This renders many bodies of water as unfit for consumption or usage. In order to safeguard our natural resources, it is imperative that wastewater should be treated to follow a standard set by environmental specialists. In the Philippines, the enactment of the DAO 2021-19 has updated the requirements for release to more stringent standards. Because of this, a tertiary treatment, such as a phytoremediation bed, can be employed as an additional step in a wastewater treatment process. This study involves a comprehensive approach that consists of a phytoremediation setup, which includes the use of three plant species and specialized soil matrices, and a vortex system. The three plant species, Phragmites australis, Vetiveria zizanioides, and Canna indica are known for their capability for removal of the three pollutants, nitrates, phosphates and ammonia. The phytoremediation-vortex system was able to remove the pollutants and effectively reduce the pollutant concentration that the treated wastewater passes the standards for release. The predictive model, artificial neural network (ANN), was employed to assess the results. By using this technique, the study aimed to not only understand the intricate workings of the vortex system but also to optimise its performance for the effective reduction of pollutants, such as, nitrates, phosphates and ammonia, in wastewater. This research represents a critical step towards developing sustainable and efficient solutions for addressing the pressing challenges posed by water pollution, thereby fostering the availability of clean and potable water for human consumption and various industrial purposes.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}