Condor最新文献

{"title":"Advancing scientific knowledge and conservation of birds through inclusion of conservation social sciences in the American Ornithological Society","authors":"A. Dayer, J. Barnes, A. Dietsch, Jacqueline M. Keating, Liliana C. Naves","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conservation efforts are shaped by individual and collective human behaviors, cultural norms and values, economic pressures, and political and organizational structures. As such, the conservation social sciences—disciplines that draw on social science theories and approaches to improve conservation efforts—can play a vital role in advancing the science and practice of bird conservation. We connect the rich, ongoing discussion about the vital role of the conservation social sciences to the specific context of bird conservation and make an argument for the importance of proactive inclusion of these sciences in ornithological societies. First, we introduce the conservation social sciences and illustrate how they can improve the design and implementation of conservation programs and policies for birds. Drawing on discussions from a symposium we organized at the 2019 American Ornithological Society (AOS) annual meeting, we encourage the AOS to make institutional changes that could further support the inclusion of conservation social sciences. These changes ideally would include a working group, conference plenaries and themes, and high-quality social science publications, along with support and encouragement for ornithologists and bird conservationists to partake in trainings and collaborate with social scientists. Strategies for how to do so effectively can be adapted from other conservation societies that have paved the way for disciplinary inclusivity. LAY SUMMARY The conservation social sciences investigate how people think and act in relation to biodiversity, including birds and the habitats that support them. Application of conservation social science findings can improve the effectiveness of bird conservation. he American Ornithological Society and its members can take specific steps to facilitate integration of the conservation social sciences with ornithology.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":"122 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47982855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed evidence for effects of stewardship on Least Tern reproductive success in coastal Mississippi","authors":"A. Darrah","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa050","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disturbance from human activity can cause reduced productivity of coastal birds that nest on sandy beaches. A common method to protect coastal birds from human disturbance is the use of signs and fencing to close off a section of beach used for breeding. This management action requires public compliance and might require enforcement, such as in the use of volunteer stewards stationed at protected colonies that provide education and enforcement. I assessed the effectiveness of active stewardship as a conservation measure to protect nesting Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) in coastal Mississippi by determining if colony-level productivity (fledglings produced per nest) was correlated with stewardship effort (hours that stewards protected each colony), the rate of disturbance from human and natural sources, and additional factors. Observers surveyed 24 Least Tern colonies in Harrison County, Mississippi, twice weekly during the 2017–2019 breeding seasons to record the number of nests present, the fate of marked nests, predator tracks within the colony, and the number of fledglings produced per colony. Concurrently, during their work shifts, stewards recorded all sources and durations of disturbance events that caused the terns to flush or respond with defense. Least Tern daily nest survival increased with colony size and stewardship effort, and was lower during intervals that included weekends and evidence of owl presence. Total productivity was negatively associated with avian predator disturbance rate and the total time adults spent flushed, but was not associated with stewardship effort. The results of this study demonstrate that active stewardship can have a positive effect on Least Tern productivity by increasing nest success, whereas current stewardship practices were not sufficient to increase chick survival, even in a system with a paucity of ground predators. LAY SUMMARY Birds that nest on public sandy beaches benefit from protective fencing and educational signs, but additional benefits may occur if volunteer stewards are stationed at the protected area. I assessed whether the presence of stewards benefited nesting Least Terns by reducing human disturbance and increasing reproductive success at breeding colonies. Audubon Mississippi staff monitored Least Tern colonies in coastal Mississippi from 2017 to 2019 while seasonal stewards observed the extent of disturbance at each colony. Colonies with greater disturbance rates were less productive, and stewardship efforts benefited colonies by increasing nest hatch probability. Posting stewards at breeding colonies is an effective management strategy for conserving Least Terns, although additional management actions are likely needed to increase chick survival.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43728090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migratory Status Determines Resource Selection By American Woodcock at an Important Fall Stopover, Cape May, New Jersey","authors":"Brian B. Allen, D. McAuley, Erik J. Blomberg","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa046","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Migration is a period of high activity and exposure during which risks and energetic demand on individuals may be greater than during nonmigratory periods. Stopover locations can help mitigate these threats by providing supplemental energy en route to the animal's end destination. Effective conservation of migratory species therefore requires an understanding of use of space that provides resources to migratory animals at stopover sites. We conducted a radio-telemetry study of a short-distance migrant, the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), at an important stopover site, the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Our objectives were to describe land-cover types used by American Woodcock and evaluate home range habitat selection for individuals that stopover during fall migration and those that choose to overwinter. We radio-marked 271 individuals and collected 1,949 locations from these birds (0–21 points individual–1) over 4 yr (2010 to 2013) to inform resource selection functions of land-cover types and other landscape characteristics by this species. We evaluated these relationships at multiple spatial extents for (1) birds known to have ultimately left the peninsula (presumed migrants), and (2) birds known to have remained on the peninsula into the winter (presumed winter residents). We found that migrants selected deciduous wetland forest, agriculture, mixed shrub, coniferous wetland forest, and coniferous shrub, while wintering residents selected deciduous wetland forest, coniferous shrub, and deciduous shrub. We used these results to develop predictive models of potential habitat: 7.80% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential stopover habitat for American Woodcock (95% classification accuracy) and 4.96% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential wintering habitat (85% classification accuracy). Our study is the first to report habitat relationships for migratory American Woodcock in the coastal U.S. and provides important spatial tools for local and regional managers to support migratory and winter resident woodcock populations into the future. LAY SUMMARY Stopover sites provide habitat for migratory animals to rest and refuel before continuing migration, making these areas important for species' conservation. We used radio-telemetry to assess American Woodcock stopover and wintering habitat selection on the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Short-term migrants used a greater variety of land-covers than winter residents, although both selected deciduous wetland forest and sites in close proximity to fields. Less than 10% of the Cape May Peninsula provides stopover or wintering habitat for American Woodcock, highlighting the importance of conserving these important but potentially limited resources.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45288281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Real James Bond: A True Story of Identity Theft, Avian Intrigue & Ian Fleming","authors":"H. T. Armistead","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":"122 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41479390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2020 Peter R. Stettenheim Service Award to Susan Haig","authors":"B. Kus, R. Kimball, R. Montgomerie, N. T. Wheelwright, T. Rich","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42713991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2020 Katma Award to Mikus Abolins-Abols and Mark E. Hauber","authors":"M. T. Murphy, S. Gill, K. Fraser, J. Kirchman, E. MacDougall-Shackleton, S. Oyler‐McCance, H. Streby","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa034","url":null,"abstract":"1 Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA 2 Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA 3 University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 4 New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA 5 University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, London, Ontario, Canada 6 U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 7 University of Toledo, Department of Environmental Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA Corresponding author: murphym@pdx.edu","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49110001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-fledging Golden-winged Warblers require forests with multiple stand developmental stages","authors":"Cameron J Fiss, Darin J Mcneil, A. Rodewald, Joseph E. Duchamp, Jeffery L. Larkin","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our understanding of songbird habitat needs during the breeding season stems largely from studies of nest success. However, growing evidence shows that nesting habitat and post-fledging habitat often differ. Management guidelines for declining species need to be reevaluated and updated to account for habitat shifts that may occur across the full breeding cycle. The Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is a declining songbird species for which best management practices (BMPs) are based overwhelmingly on nesting habitat. We studied stand-scale habitat selection by fledgling Golden-winged Warblers during May–July, 2014–2017, in 2 landscapes (2 yr of data for each landscape), 200 km apart in Pennsylvania. Across 4 yr, we radio-tagged and tracked 156 fledglings. We used discrete-choice models to evaluate habitat selection during 2 post-fledging time periods (days 1–5, days 6–28). Fledglings used a variety of cover types, but most telemetry relocations (i.e. 85%) occurred in forest in the stand initiation stage, stem exclusion stage, or mature forest upland. Fledglings primarily selected stand initiation forest during the first 5 days, but preferred habitats differed between regions during days 6–28 post-fledging. Fledglings in one landscape favored stands in the stem exclusion stage while fledglings in the other landscape continued to select stands in the initiation stage. Fledglings moved greater distances as they aged and dispersed ∼750 m by day 28 post-fledging. These findings suggest the need to update Golden-winged Warbler BMPs to account for the broader habitat needs of fledglings during the breeding season. In addition, these results indicate that regional studies of habitat requirements can help guide management of dynamic forest landscapes for birds. LAY SUMMARY Little is known about the post-fledging ecology and habitat requirements of many migratory songbirds. We used VHF radio-transmitters to track 156 fledgling Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) from two subpopulations in Pennsylvania, USA, and describe their movements, habitat use, and habitat selection. On average fledglings dispersed ∼750 m from nest sites by day 28 post-fledging with the maximum dispersal distance being 3.6 km. Fledglings used all cover types but 85% of relocations occurred in stand initiation, stem exclusion, or mature forest uplands. Habitat selection was directed primarily toward forest in the stand initiation stage, however fledglings in one landscape also selected for stem exclusion stands. Managers should consider promoting additional forest stand age class diversity (especially forest in the stem exclusion stage) in areas proximate to Golden-winged Warbler nesting habitat to provide the structure necessary for fledglings.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dunlin subspecies exhibit regional segregation and high site fidelity along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway","authors":"B. Lagassé, R. Lanctot, M. Barter, Stephen Brown, Chungyu Chiang, C. Choi, Y. Gerasimov, S. Kendall, J. Liebezeit, K. S. Maslovsky, Alexander I. Matsyna, E. Matsyna, D. Payer, S. Saalfeld, Yoshimitsu Shigeta, I. Tiunov, P. Tomkovich, O. Valchuk, Michael B. Wunder","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa054","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The degree to which individuals migrate among particular breeding, migration, and wintering sites can have important implications for prioritizing conservation efforts. Four subspecies of Dunlin (Calidris alpina) migrate along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each subspecies has a distinct and well-defined breeding range, but their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 of these subspecies by evaluating a dataset that encompasses 57 yr (1960–2017), and comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records and 818 observations (71 recaptures and 747 band resightings). We present some of the first evidence that subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in areas of Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in areas of the Yellow and China seas. Observations indicate that whether an arcticola Dunlin winters in Japan or the Yellow and China seas is independent of their breeding location, sex, or age. Furthermore, observations indicate that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. This suggests that the degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies), and, if widespread, could result in population declines. Given the possible biases inherent in analyzing band recovery data, we recommend additional flyway-wide collaboration and the use of lightweight tracking devices and morphological and genetic assignment techniques to better quantify subspecies' migratory movements and nonbreeding distributions. This information, when combined, will enable effective conservation efforts for this species across the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. LAY SUMMARY The East Asian–Australasian Flyway has more threatened and near-threatened migratory waterbird species than any other flyway in the world; however, developing flyway conservation plans has been challenging, in part due to limited information regarding population-specific migration patterns. Four subspecies of Dunlin migrate and winter along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each has a well-defined breeding range; their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 subspecies using data from 57 yr (1960–2017), which comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records, 71 recaptures, and 747 band resightings. Subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in the Yellow and China seas. It is likely that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. Our findings suggest that degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies) and could result in population declines.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46363475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2020 Loye and Alden Miller Research Award to Erica Nol","authors":"S. Haig, K. Hobson, B. Sandercock, R. Bowman, L. A. Whittingham","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47175724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2020 Early Professional Awards to Nicholas A. Mason, Sara A. Kaiser, and Jennifer Walsh","authors":"C. Witt, Elizabeth A. Gow, Peter A. Hosner, D. Baldassarre, Kristen M. Covino, M. Stoddard","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42412883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}