SolarPACES Conference Proceedings最新文献_第10页

Experimental Methods for Measuring the Efficiency of a Molten Salt Central Receiver 测量熔盐中央接收器效率的实验方法

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.715

María Fernández-Torrijos, Cathy Frantz, Jana Stengler, Marc Röger, Tim Schlichting, Reiner Buck

{"title":"Experimental Methods for Measuring the Efficiency of a Molten Salt Central Receiver","authors":"María Fernández-Torrijos, Cathy Frantz, Jana Stengler, Marc Röger, Tim Schlichting, Reiner Buck","doi":"10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.715","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, two different methods for measuring the efficiency of central receivers are analyzed by the case of the High Performance Molten Salt II Project (HPMS-II): the continuous power-on method, and the semi-analytical method. The main difference between the two methods is the procedure to calculate the thermal losses of the receiver: on the one hand, the continuous power-on method calculates the thermal losses from the measurement of the absorbed power by the molten salt for different measured incident powers on the receiver. Here, it is assumed that the thermal losses are independent of the incident power if the molten salt temperature is kept constant. On the other hand, the semi-analytical method calculates the thermal losses as the sum of convective and radiative losses, calculated directly from the Newton and Stefan-Boltzmann equations by measuring the temperature of the tube surface, the ambient temperature, and the wind speed. Therefore, the calculation of the thermal losses is independent from one method to another. The procedure of applying these methods during the experimental test campaign of the HPMS-II receiver is detailed in this paper. Additionally, an uncertainty analysis of both methods is conducted to determine the uncertainty expected for the receiver efficiency measurements.","PeriodicalId":506238,"journal":{"name":"SolarPACES Conference Proceedings","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Method for Projecting Cloud Shadows Onto a Central Receiver Field to Predict Receiver Damage 将云影投射到中央接收器场以预测接收器损坏的方法

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.650

Matthew Mullin, Michael J. Wagner

{"title":"A Method for Projecting Cloud Shadows Onto a Central Receiver Field to Predict Receiver Damage","authors":"Matthew Mullin, Michael J. Wagner","doi":"10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.650","url":null,"abstract":"This work demonstrates methods of mapping high-spatial-resolution direct normal irradiance (DNI) data from satellites, Total Sky Imagers (TSIs), and analogous data sources onto a heliostat field for characterizing the spatial and temporal variation of the incident flux on a central receiver tower during cloud transient events. The mapping methods are incorporated into an optical software module that interfaces with CoPylot–SolarPILOT’s python API– to provide computationally efficient optical simulation of the heliostat field and the solar power tower. Eventually, this optical model will be incorporated into optimization models whereby a plant operator can understand the effects of cloud transient events on overall power production and receiver lifetime due to creep-fatigue damage and therefore make better informed decisions about receiver shutdown events. By more accurately modelling the effects of cloud events on receiver flux maps, this work may determine the magnitude and frequency of thermal cycling on receiver tubes and panels using actual or realistic cloud shapes instead of averaged DNI values–which may undercount the total cycle number. This work may also prevent unnecessary plant shutdowns due to overly precautionary control strategies and characterize the relative impact of various cloud types on receiver life. We plan to eventually integrate this methodology into the System Advisor Model (SAM) to improve performance model accuracy during periods of cloudiness. In this paper, we demonstrate generating DNI maps and mapping them to a solar field in CoPylot using 10 m resolution data from publicly available Sentinel-2 satellite data over the Crescent Dunes plant.","PeriodicalId":506238,"journal":{"name":"SolarPACES Conference Proceedings","volume":"93 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Methods for Measuring the Efficiency of a Molten Salt Central Receiver 测量熔盐中央接收器效率的实验方法

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.715

María Fernández-Torrijos, Cathy Frantz, Jana Stengler, Marc Röger, Tim Schlichting, Reiner Buck

{"title":"Experimental Methods for Measuring the Efficiency of a Molten Salt Central Receiver","authors":"María Fernández-Torrijos, Cathy Frantz, Jana Stengler, Marc Röger, Tim Schlichting, Reiner Buck","doi":"10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.715","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, two different methods for measuring the efficiency of central receivers are analyzed by the case of the High Performance Molten Salt II Project (HPMS-II): the continuous power-on method, and the semi-analytical method. The main difference between the two methods is the procedure to calculate the thermal losses of the receiver: on the one hand, the continuous power-on method calculates the thermal losses from the measurement of the absorbed power by the molten salt for different measured incident powers on the receiver. Here, it is assumed that the thermal losses are independent of the incident power if the molten salt temperature is kept constant. On the other hand, the semi-analytical method calculates the thermal losses as the sum of convective and radiative losses, calculated directly from the Newton and Stefan-Boltzmann equations by measuring the temperature of the tube surface, the ambient temperature, and the wind speed. Therefore, the calculation of the thermal losses is independent from one method to another. The procedure of applying these methods during the experimental test campaign of the HPMS-II receiver is detailed in this paper. Additionally, an uncertainty analysis of both methods is conducted to determine the uncertainty expected for the receiver efficiency measurements.","PeriodicalId":506238,"journal":{"name":"SolarPACES Conference Proceedings","volume":"120 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Method for Projecting Cloud Shadows Onto a Central Receiver Field to Predict Receiver Damage 将云影投射到中央接收器场以预测接收器损坏的方法

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.650

Matthew Mullin, Michael J. Wagner

{"title":"A Method for Projecting Cloud Shadows Onto a Central Receiver Field to Predict Receiver Damage","authors":"Matthew Mullin, Michael J. Wagner","doi":"10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.650","url":null,"abstract":"This work demonstrates methods of mapping high-spatial-resolution direct normal irradiance (DNI) data from satellites, Total Sky Imagers (TSIs), and analogous data sources onto a heliostat field for characterizing the spatial and temporal variation of the incident flux on a central receiver tower during cloud transient events. The mapping methods are incorporated into an optical software module that interfaces with CoPylot–SolarPILOT’s python API– to provide computationally efficient optical simulation of the heliostat field and the solar power tower. Eventually, this optical model will be incorporated into optimization models whereby a plant operator can understand the effects of cloud transient events on overall power production and receiver lifetime due to creep-fatigue damage and therefore make better informed decisions about receiver shutdown events. By more accurately modelling the effects of cloud events on receiver flux maps, this work may determine the magnitude and frequency of thermal cycling on receiver tubes and panels using actual or realistic cloud shapes instead of averaged DNI values–which may undercount the total cycle number. This work may also prevent unnecessary plant shutdowns due to overly precautionary control strategies and characterize the relative impact of various cloud types on receiver life. We plan to eventually integrate this methodology into the System Advisor Model (SAM) to improve performance model accuracy during periods of cloudiness. In this paper, we demonstrate generating DNI maps and mapping them to a solar field in CoPylot using 10 m resolution data from publicly available Sentinel-2 satellite data over the Crescent Dunes plant.","PeriodicalId":506238,"journal":{"name":"SolarPACES Conference Proceedings","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HelioSoil: A Python Library for Heliostat Soiling Analysis and Cleaning Optimization HelioSoil：用于 Heliostat 染色分析和清洁优化的 Python 库

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.719

Giovanni Picotti, Michael E. Cholette, Ye Wang, Cody B. Anderson, Theodore A. Steinberg, J. Pye, G. Manzolini

{"title":"HelioSoil: A Python Library for Heliostat Soiling Analysis and Cleaning Optimization","authors":"Giovanni Picotti, Michael E. Cholette, Ye Wang, Cody B. Anderson, Theodore A. Steinberg, J. Pye, G. Manzolini","doi":"10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.719","url":null,"abstract":"Soiling losses and their mitigation via cleaning operations represent important challenges for Solar Tower (ST) plants. Yet soiling losses are not well considered in existing CSP software, likely due to the lack of tools for soiling estimation and cleaning optimization. In this paper, a Python-based heliostat soiling library, called HelioSoil, is introduced which allows for the assessment of heliostats’ soiling state and the optimization of the solar field cleaning schedule to maximize plant profit. The library is freely available on GitHub under a LGPL license, which enables extensions via other Python APIs (e.g. CoPylot) and integration with other CSP plant simulation packages to consider soiling losses. This latter capability is demonstrated in this study through an LCOE assessment and cleaning optimization of a hypothetical Australian ST plant with SolarTherm. Hence, HelioSoil provides the CSP community with a package for soiling assessment and cleaning resource optimization, which can be integrated with available software for high-level, long-term simulations. HelioSoil facilitates the inclusion of soiling and cleaning costs in CSP economics and ultimately aim to de-risk the deployment of ST plants.","PeriodicalId":506238,"journal":{"name":"SolarPACES Conference Proceedings","volume":"137 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep Learning Method for Heliostat Instance Segmentation 用于 Heliostat 实例分割的深度学习方法

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.735

Benjamin Liu, Alexander Sonn, Anthony Roy, Brian Brewington

{"title":"Deep Learning Method for Heliostat Instance Segmentation","authors":"Benjamin Liu, Alexander Sonn, Anthony Roy, Brian Brewington","doi":"10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.735","url":null,"abstract":"Heliostat instance segmentation (HST-IS) is a crucial component of the heliostat tracking system at Heliogen’s Lancaster test facility. The system estimates the mirror normal of each heliostat by performing a nonlinear optimization-based fitting strategy using approximations of the non-shaded, non-blocked sunlit pixels on each heliostat, and the tracking system uses these estimates to improve performance. \u0000HST-IS is fundamentally challenging due to variability in lighting conditions and heliostat size relative to the capturing camera. Deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNN) have emerged in recent years by demonstrating noteworthy precision in tasks such as object recognition, detection, and segmentation. CNN-based methods offer a robust augmentation to HST-IS methods as they capture a context-less hierarchy of image features. \u0000In this study, we developed deep learning models to automatically segment heliostat instances from elevated images taken from the field. We study various image parameters and architectural customizations to optimize for scalability, robustness, and accuracy in our predictions. We perform robust evaluations of our best model to quantify gaps between model development and real-world deployment and provide evidence for utility in the field.","PeriodicalId":506238,"journal":{"name":"SolarPACES Conference Proceedings","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Hydrogen Production via Off-Sun Solar-Thermal Supercritical Water Gasification and Membrane Reforming of Piggery Waste 通过非太阳光热超临界水气化和猪舍废料膜转化制氢

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.748

Louise Bardwell, Alireza Rahbari, John Pye

{"title":"Hydrogen Production via Off-Sun Solar-Thermal Supercritical Water Gasification and Membrane Reforming of Piggery Waste","authors":"Louise Bardwell, Alireza Rahbari, John Pye","doi":"10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.748","url":null,"abstract":"Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) represents an emerging technology for liquid fuel synthesis, offering large potential in significantly improving the efficiency and environmental impact of clean fuel production. Compared to conventional gasification, SCWG proceeds at much lower temperatures, allowing char and tar-free gasification of biomass and for low-quality and high-moisture content biomass to be used. As the thermochemical processes involved in SCWG and steam methane reforming (SMR) are highly endothermic, combining them with concentrated solar power (CSP) and thermal energy storage (TES) could allow the process to be driven solely by renewable energy. As such, this work models an off-sun SCWG/SMR system using novel molten salt, proposed to reach up to 600°C [1], which overcomes the previously limiting molten salt temperature of 550°C. Using an off-sun configuration, it deals with the on-sun configuration’s issues of degraded lifetime and creep-fatigue, allowing for uniform heating and a reduced load on the reactors. The novel technology of an integrated Pd-based membrane reactor, highly selective to H₂, was chosen given its ability to carry out SMR at temperatures in the viable range of new molten salts. The system uses a waste feedstock, piggery waste, to provide the dual benefit of reducing the environmental cost associated with piggery waste’s release of CH4. From the model created in Aspen Plus, a plant output of 7.2 kmolH₂/h (1,135 Nm³/h of H₂), was obtained with a flow rate of 150 kg/h of dry piggery waste, a membrane area of 131.8 m², and a 73% CH4 conversion from the feed.","PeriodicalId":506238,"journal":{"name":"SolarPACES Conference Proceedings","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HelioSoil: A Python Library for Heliostat Soiling Analysis and Cleaning Optimization HelioSoil：用于 Heliostat 染色分析和清洁优化的 Python 库

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.719

Giovanni Picotti, Michael E. Cholette, Ye Wang, Cody B. Anderson, Theodore A. Steinberg, J. Pye, G. Manzolini

{"title":"HelioSoil: A Python Library for Heliostat Soiling Analysis and Cleaning Optimization","authors":"Giovanni Picotti, Michael E. Cholette, Ye Wang, Cody B. Anderson, Theodore A. Steinberg, J. Pye, G. Manzolini","doi":"10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.719","url":null,"abstract":"Soiling losses and their mitigation via cleaning operations represent important challenges for Solar Tower (ST) plants. Yet soiling losses are not well considered in existing CSP software, likely due to the lack of tools for soiling estimation and cleaning optimization. In this paper, a Python-based heliostat soiling library, called HelioSoil, is introduced which allows for the assessment of heliostats’ soiling state and the optimization of the solar field cleaning schedule to maximize plant profit. The library is freely available on GitHub under a LGPL license, which enables extensions via other Python APIs (e.g. CoPylot) and integration with other CSP plant simulation packages to consider soiling losses. This latter capability is demonstrated in this study through an LCOE assessment and cleaning optimization of a hypothetical Australian ST plant with SolarTherm. Hence, HelioSoil provides the CSP community with a package for soiling assessment and cleaning resource optimization, which can be integrated with available software for high-level, long-term simulations. HelioSoil facilitates the inclusion of soiling and cleaning costs in CSP economics and ultimately aim to de-risk the deployment of ST plants.","PeriodicalId":506238,"journal":{"name":"SolarPACES Conference Proceedings","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Component Improvements Within a Next Generation sCO2 CSP Plant 下一代二氧化碳热电联产电厂组件改进的影响

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.695

Nicholas Chandler, P. Schöttl, M. Bitterling, G. Bern, T. Fluri

引用次数: 0

Technical-Economic Feasibility Study of Hybrid CSP Plants With Gas in Chile 智利混合式燃气热电联产发电厂的技术经济可行性研究

SolarPACES Conference Proceedings Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.668

Catalina Cáceres, Catalina Hernández, Frank Dinter

{"title":"Technical-Economic Feasibility Study of Hybrid CSP Plants With Gas in Chile","authors":"Catalina Cáceres, Catalina Hernández, Frank Dinter","doi":"10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.668","url":null,"abstract":"The Chilean government has presented an accelerated decarbonization plan, proposing the closure of coal-fired power plants by 2025, to combat climate change. Therefore, it is important to migrate to new forms of cleaner generation that are also safe for the electricity system. It is in this context that the motivation arises to study the hybridization of two technologies usually opposed, such as CSP and Gas, to enhance the benefits of each one. The plant to be evaluated has a HYSOL configuration, which consists of a Solar Tower with thermal storage of salt to which is incorporated a gas cycle whose exhaust gases are used to heat the salt when necessary. For this study, SAM was used to model the solar field and EES was used to simulate the thermodynamic components of the Brayton and Rankine cycles. The study is carried out at 3 locations in the Antofagasta Region. Capacity factors close to 90% are obtained, which is higher than most of the Non-Conventional Renewable Energies. Similar CO2 emission factors are obtained in the 3 locations and around 0,12 Ton CO2/ MWh, which is substantially lower than other generators based on conventional fuels. The lowest LCOE occurs in L2 and has a value of 82,9 USD/MWh, being more cost effective than Open Cycle Gas and Nuclear technologies and could become competitive in the future with other technologies if the costs associated with the solar field are reduced as expected. It’s concluded that the proposed solution is technically and economically feasible.","PeriodicalId":506238,"journal":{"name":"SolarPACES Conference Proceedings","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0