Continental Shelf Research最新文献

{"title":"On the retroflection of upwelling jets near coastal bends","authors":"Jochen Kämpf","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bays in coastal upwelling regions often serve as larvae retention zones underpinning functioning of marine ecosystems. Using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, this process-oriented study explores the ocean dynamics that follow from the relaxation of a spatially-uniform, upwelling-favourable wind field behind a headland. Findings reveal that wind relaxation leads to the appearance of a swift coastal countercurrent (CCC) as the inshore retroflection of the coastal upwelling jet. The analysis reveals that the CCC starts to form along the downwind coast of the headland where the upwelling-induced onshore barotropic pressure gradient opposes the wind stress. Here, wind relaxation indirectly induces a flow convergence that reverses the barotropic pressure gradient within ∼5 km from the coast which geostrophically drives the CCC. Once generated, this inshore barotropic pressure anomaly propagates along the coast as a coastal Kelvin wave to form an inshore retroflection of the upwelling jet. On the other hand, the upwelling creates a plume of denser water on the shelf behind the headland. After wind relaxation, the rotational-gravitational adjustment of this dense-water plume marks the front of the retroflection zone as a cyclonic baroclinic feature with a diameter of the baroclinic deformation radius (∼10 km). Findings show that this rotational-gravitational adjustment intensifies the pressure-gradient forcing of the CCC. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the retroflecting coastal current can traps both upwelled water and particles in vicinity of the headland, which is clearly of relevance to marine productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434324001067/pdfft?md5=0eca1a7e288e3d751a5a07e8bc1c05a3&pid=1-s2.0-S0278434324001067-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continental shelf wave generation due to surface stress anomalies in the wake of offshore wind farms","authors":"Jan Erik H. Weber ,&nbsp;Göran Broström","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2024.105278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For isolated oceanic structures above sea level in synoptic-scale wind fields, shielding causes a wind wake with reduced wind intensity on the lee side of the structure. This generates a wind-stress curl that may act as a source term for continental shelf waves (CSWs) propagating around the structure, if the bottom is sloping. We investigate CSW propagation in the case where the structure (a wind farm or an island) is circular and the depth over the shelf slope increases exponentially with radial distance. For free waves, the wave number, and hence the frequency, is quantized. We demonstrate that for circular banks with narrow continental margins, the resulting eigenfrequencies are close to those obtained for a straight shelf. Modelling the stress in the wind wake as a solitary pulse that moves along a straight shelf, we find, in the absence of friction, a forced solution that increases linearly in time when the pulse moves with the same speed as the free wave speed. For strong winds over longer periods of time, the along-shore wave velocity in the case of resonance may be of the order <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> for topographic parameters characteristic of the Taiwan Bank. Velocities of this magnitude could potentially cause harmful erosion as well as affect the ecosystem on the bank slopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434324001080/pdfft?md5=af53812d6635a1711f997af76801773b&pid=1-s2.0-S0278434324001080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of cold eddies to Typhoon Soulik (2013) off northeastern Taiwan Island","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By using multisource reanalysis datasets, satellite data, etc., the influences of Typhoon Soulik on the upper ocean of two cold eddies off northeastern Taiwan Island (hereafter referred to as the P-Cold Eddy and D-Cold Eddy), which are distributed around Pengjia Islet and northeastern Diaoyu Island, respectively, were investigated. The results showed that the P-Cold Eddy was strengthened, and the D-Cold Eddy, which was previously invisible in the surface layer, began to appear. The seawater temperatures in the upper mixed layer of the two cold eddies decreased the most on 13 July, with the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) decreasing by 1.16 °C and 0.97 °C and the mixed layer temperatures decreasing by 1.23 °C and 1.06 °C, respectively. The upper ocean cooling of the P-Cold Eddy was mainly caused by upwelling, whose formation was related to the climb of more Kuroshio subsurface cold water northward forced by the typhoon. The upwelling of the D-Cold Eddy was weak, and the warming effect of the heat pump could be observed at the bottom of its mixed layer. The process of cooling and increasing salinity in the mixed layer of the D-Cold Eddy was mainly associated with the inflow of the upper cooler and saltier seawater from the P-Cold Eddy. The air–sea exchange term was not the main factor in the cooling of the seawater in the mixed layer during the forced stage, but it became dominant during the relaxation stage, and the latent heat flux (<em>Q</em>_LH) contributed significantly to its change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid morphosedimentary development of a shallow subtropical embayment in response to extreme episodic flooding","authors":"Ryan Beecroft ,&nbsp;Remo Cossu ,&nbsp;Nathaniel Deering ,&nbsp;Nicholas Hutley ,&nbsp;Simon Albert ,&nbsp;Paul Maxwell ,&nbsp;Alistair Grinham","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Variability in supply of terrestrial sediments to the coastal zone impacts sediment transport processes and ecological dependencies. This study investigated surface sediment distribution and transportation within a 2020 km² shallow embayment following a period of flood induced sediment supply. Extensive field sampling of 221 common sites between 2015 and the 2019 follow-up survey presented, identified significant reduction in fine sediment fractions, evident through a 367 km² decrease in surface mud coverage. Wind-wave sediment transport processes controlled the spatial distribution of fine sediments, exporting 23 million tonnes of mud from the shallow sedimentation zones. In a broader context, sensitive benthic habitats such as seagrass meadows exhibited signs habitat recolonisation coinciding with areas of reduced mud content. Despite these promising short-term outlooks, the developed fine sediment budget suggests ongoing terrestrial sedimentation will exhaust key sediment sinks within Moreton Bay, effectively reducing the system's ability to buffer future sedimentation events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoplankton distribution pattern and its implication for the establishment of land-based ballast water treatment technology and test facility in tropical waters","authors":"Ponnusamy Sathish Kumar ,&nbsp;Krupa Ratnam ,&nbsp;Santhanakumar Jeyapal ,&nbsp;Dilip Kumar Jha ,&nbsp;Vinithkumar Nambali Valsalan ,&nbsp;Dharani Gopal ,&nbsp;Arthur James Rathinam","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2024.105272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study was carried out to investigate the phytoplankton distribution in tropical waters and its implication for establishing land-based ballast water treatment technology and test facility (BWTT-TF) as per the International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines. Samples were collected from the Swarnamukhi estuary (SE) and coastal locations on the east and west coast of India. The maximum phytoplankton density in the size group of ≥10 and &lt; 50 μm was recorded as 3002 cells/mL in estuarine waters and 172 cells/mL in coastal waters. Among the phytoplankton, Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta were observed at all locations, whereas Ochrophyta and Chlorophyta were found only at specific locations or during specific periods. According to IMO guidelines, the minimum required number of species (5) was observed at all the locations, but the minimum number of phyla (3) was not found at some locations. The IMO minimum required phytoplankton density (&gt;1000 cells/mL) was observed only during the bloom period, whereas it was about 5–50 times lower during other periods. Taxonomic distinctness indices were used to examine the diversity beyond the conventional species count. The study found that the Buckingham Canal and Swarnamuki River upstream among the SE locations, and coastal stations of Pamanji and Tirunelveli among the coastal locations, are suitable sites to establish land-based BWTT-TF. Since the results indicate that achieving the IMO specified size group of ≥10 and &lt; 50 μm density in tropical waters was possible only during the bloom period, culturing phytoplankton surrogates and concentrating naturally available phytoplankton are recommended as alternate methods for establishing land-based ballast water treatment technology and test facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further evidence for increasing global near-shore eutrophication from the Estero Salado, Guayaquil, Ecuador","authors":"F.I. Ormaza-González ,&nbsp;P.A. Campi-Alvarez ,&nbsp;J.W. Cárdenas-Condoy ,&nbsp;R.J. Caiza-Quinga ,&nbsp;P.J. Statham","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2024.105271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the period 2016–2022 environmental data were obtained at four points in the northern section of the tropical Estero Salado (ES), the inner coastal lagoon that flows through Guayaquil, the largest city in Ecuador. Surface water from the more remote southern limit of the ES, El Morro was also sampled in 2022. The study shows that waters of the northern part of this low salinity (&lt;12) coastal lagoon were often hypoxic, occasionally approached anoxia, and were slightly acidic (6.86 ± 0.67). The same waters contained extremely high concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen which averaged between 2.00 and 16.3 μM for nitrite, 89.8–238 μM for nitrate and 35.0–758 μM for ammonium whilst dissolved inorganic phosphorus averaged 21.3–381 μM. Dissolved oxygen was between 22.4 and 129 μM, and all samples were &lt;50% saturated. Additionally, remarkably high concentrations of total and fecal coliforms and <em>Escherichia coli</em> were measured in this northern section, which are well above national and international standards. A trophic state index strongly indicates that northern part of the ES is hyper-eutrophic. Whilst nutrients were at lower concentrations at El Morro, they still exceeded those expected for typical natural and balanced estuaries, thus showing signs of eutrophication. Two major drivers for these hyper-eutrophic conditions in the north are effectively no riverine inputs to flush the system, and nutrient inputs being dominated by run off from the city as industrial, wastewater and sewage discharges, together with pulses associated with the seasonal rainfall. Based on comparison of nutrient data given here with the same parameters from several decades ago, the situation has become worse over this timescale. This trend follows the dramatic increase in population of the city of Guayaquil, and associated increase in discharges of polluted waters. The ES needs major improvements in environmental quality if it is to avoid further deleterious impacts for local populations. The ES thus fits into the global trend of increasing eutrophication in estuarine and coastal waters. Estimates using the new nutrient measurements indicate that the ES is exporting significant amounts of DIN and DIP into coastal waters of the Gulf of Guayaquil and then the Eastern South Pacific.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434324001018/pdfft?md5=9e19380695b03a06d3cc58b3a8d9021e&pid=1-s2.0-S0278434324001018-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal solitary waves in the central Andaman sea observed by combining mooring data and satellite remote sensing","authors":"Lina Sun ,&nbsp;Yanliang Liu ,&nbsp;Junmin Meng ,&nbsp;Yue Fang ,&nbsp;Qinglei Su ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The behavioral characteristics of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the central Andaman Sea were revealed by analyzing multisource satellite remote sensing images combined with synchronous mooring data. The relationship between the generation time and tides of ISWs in the central Andaman Sea was analyzed and discussed. The ISWs in the central Andaman Sea exhibit a notable semidiurnal tidal cycle, primarily occurring during the spring tide. Additionally, it was observed that larger currents can generate ISWs with larger amplitudes. The propagation velocity of the ISWs initially increases and then decreases from the source, with no significant overall change in the deep areas. Based on the analysis of satellite remote sensing images that cover the source of ISWs in the central Andaman Sea, the generation time of ISWs was estimated. A comparison was made between the estimated generation time and the tidal flow predicted from the TPXO 9 global tidal model at the location of the ISW source. It was found that ISWs are generated when the westward tidal flow reaches its maximum. The ISWs in the central Andaman Sea are generated between the islands of Car Nicobar and Teresa Island. They propagate eastward into the Andaman Sea, grow in amplitude, split into multiple waves, dissipate, and vanish in the waters near the Danao Islands. The entire life cycle of these waves lasts for approximately 3∼4 days.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434324000797/pdfft?md5=24755cabd4799e2b90c97b2e342d82ba&pid=1-s2.0-S0278434324000797-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141034519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of flocculation in turbid plumes from mechanical and hydraulic dredging","authors":"Andrew M. Symonds ,&nbsp;Paul L.A. Erftemeijer ,&nbsp;Rachel E. White ,&nbsp;Federico Pastorelli","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The process of flocculation in dredge plumes was investigated by field measurements using Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST), Optical Back Scatter (OBS) sensors and an Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler (ADCP) during dredging campaigns in Port Curtis, Queensland (Australia). Suspended sediment characteristics differed significantly between natural ambient suspended sediment and sediment suspended by dredging as well as between sediment suspended by mechanical and hydraulic dredgers. LISST measurements enabled distinction of the suspended sediment by origin and showed that the majority of sediment particles naturally in suspension were aggregated flocs made up of multiple smaller particles. Primary particles in natural suspended sediment had a median particle size (d₅₀) of 8 to 14 μm, while in-situ flocs had a d₅₀ of 52 to 99 μm. There were both microflocs and macroflocs present in the natural suspended sediment, with the microflocs being dominant (representing 67%–80% of the flocs). Mechanical dredging resulted in the release of individual particles, microflocs and macroflocs, with the potential for a comparable percentage of macroflocs as in natural suspended sediment (11%–27% compared to 20%–33% in natural suspended sediment). Macroflocs released by mechanical dredging were likely to have originated from the seabed. During overflow from the hopper, the suspended sediment released from the hydraulic dredger had smaller flocs compared to the natural suspended sediment, with a reduction in the d₅₀ of in-situ flocs from 91 to 67 μm and a reduction in the proportion of macroflocs from 32% to 24%. These results indicate that larger macroflocs present on the seabed had been broken up by the hydraulic dredging, with most of the suspended sediment remaining in the form of smaller microflocs, suggesting that the flocs were not completely disaggregated by the shear-stress generated during hydraulic dredging. Ongoing aggregation of suspended sediment was shown to occur in the sediment suspended by both dredging methods within 20–25 min of the plumes being generated. This study demonstrates the importance of considering flocculation in predictive dredge plume modelling studies to prevent significantly underestimating the settling velocity and substantially over-estimating the extent and intensity of dredge plumes if flocculation is not accounted for.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434324000931/pdfft?md5=79b824046d2ce5123e2334f514111a47&pid=1-s2.0-S0278434324000931-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141131654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filling gaps in the Webbnesia marine diversity: The madeiran sponge fauna","authors":"A. Santín ,&nbsp;P. Wirtz ,&nbsp;P. Neves ,&nbsp;C. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite few pioneering works in the late XIX and early XX century, the poriferan fauna of Madeira has remained mostly unexplored until today, Madeira being one of the least studied eastern Atlantic archipelagos in terms of its sponge diversity. After a thorough analysis of both new material collected by SCUBA diving as well as a literature research, 140 sponge species are known to occur in the Madeira archipelago. From the 56 species identified by both collected material and pictures, approximately 60% (34 species) are new records for the Archipelago. These 34 new records were found associated with littoral rocky substrates and, to a lesser extent, caves, rhodolith beds and wrecks, within a depth range of 10–35 m depth. Our records also contain several Mediterranean species that have not been previously recorded in the North Atlantic, several North-east Atlantic species whose presence in Madeira marks their southernmost limit of occurrence, as well as elements from the subtropical West African fauna. Amongst the new additions to its sponge fauna there are the first records of Homomscleromorpha, with at least three <em>Oscarella</em> species noted, as well as a new species of <em>Hemimycale</em> (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Yet, this is still an underestimation of Madeira's real sponge diversity. Data on Madeiran sponge fauna is still skewed towards shallow and littoral habitats, with other less accessible environments, such as caves, rhodolith beds or the deep sea, remaining largely unexplored. Similarly, complex poriferan groups (e.g. calcareans, haplosclerids, tetractinellids, hymedesmids) have only been partially studied, and their true diversity remains unknown. Finally, due to a lack of prior baseline it is difficult to conclude if some newly recorded species are non-indigenous, range-expanding or simply previously overlooked native species. However, it is now clear that two previously thought non-indigenous species, <em>Mycale</em> (<em>Carmia</em>) <em>senegalensis</em> and <em>Prosuberites longispinus</em> are in fact native to the Archipelago, their prior status as non-indigenous arising from the lack of prior confirmation of their presence outside of port facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434324000608/pdfft?md5=d8f42fe3faf0b9be2640ac7eaf09c72b&pid=1-s2.0-S0278434324000608-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intense lateral intrusion of offshore sub-surface waters in Halifax Harbour","authors":"Yi Sui ,&nbsp;Jinyu Sheng ,&nbsp;Youyu Lu ,&nbsp;Shengli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2024.105245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main physical processes affecting the circulation variability in Halifax Harbour (HH), including the intense lateral intrusion of offshore sub-surface waters into Bedford Basin (BB), are studied using a nested-grid modelling system (NGMS). The annual and monthly mean circulation in HH are characterized by a typical two-layer estuarine circulation, with seaward currents in the upper layer and landward currents in the lower layer, both showing strong temporal and spatial variability. The intense lateral intrusion of offshore sub-surface waters into BB occurs at time scales of a few days. The intense intrusion, in combination with winter connection, is important for the renewal of deep waters in BB. The model sensitivity experiments suggest that the persistent northwesterly winds strengthen the near-surface seaward currents and the lateral intrusion of offshore sub-surface waters into BB. The persistent southwesterly winds can also trigger the lateral intrusion, but are less effective than the northwesterly winds. The southeasterly winds, on the contrary, reduce significantly the seaward currents in the surface layer and prevent the lateral intrusion. The accumulative effects of winds and tides on the 3D hydrodynamics in HH are also examined. Local winds have dominant effects on the 3D currents and temperature/salinity, through driving vertical mixing and coastal upwelling. By comparison, tides play a secondly role in affecting the currents and temperature/salinity in BB but are important in the Narrows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027843432400075X/pdfft?md5=5bb40740afad65bb562b30630f899989&pid=1-s2.0-S027843432400075X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141135558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}