Current Opinion in Gastroenterology最新文献_第8页

Integrins in biliary injury and fibrosis. 胆道损伤和纤维化中的整合素

IF 2.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000995

Johanna R Schaub, Jennifer Y Chen, Scott M Turner

{"title":"Integrins in biliary injury and fibrosis.","authors":"Johanna R Schaub, Jennifer Y Chen, Scott M Turner","doi":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000995","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000995","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Current treatment options for cholangiopathies are severely limited and there is thus a critical need to identify and develop therapies. This review discusses the role of integrins in biliary injury and fibrosis and their potential as therapeutic targets.Recent findings: There are a diverse set of roles that integrins play in biliary injury and fibrosis. Some integrins activate TGF-β signaling or are involved in sensing of the extracellular matrix, making them attractive targets for biliary fibrosis. In recent work, autoantibodies to α v β 6 were identified in patients with PSC, supporting the relevance of this integrin in the disease. In addition, a role for α 2 β 1 in cyst formation was identified in a mouse model of polycystic liver disease. Leukocyte integrins (e.g. α E β 7 and α 4 β 7 ) contribute to lymphocyte trafficking, making them potential targets for biliary inflammation; however, this has not yet translated to the clinic.Summary: While all members of the same family of proteins, integrins have diverse roles in the pathogenesis of biliary disease. Targeting one or multiple of these integrins may slow or halt the progression of biliary injury and fibrosis by simultaneously impacting different pathologic cells and processes.","PeriodicalId":50607,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micronutrient status and protein-energy malnutrition in free-living older adults: a current perspective. 自由生活的老年人的微量营养素状况和蛋白质-能量营养不良：当前视角。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000001000

Maria Del Carmen Alvarez-Nuncio, Thomas R Ziegler

{"title":"Micronutrient status and protein-energy malnutrition in free-living older adults: a current perspective.","authors":"Maria Del Carmen Alvarez-Nuncio, Thomas R Ziegler","doi":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000001000","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000001000","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review addresses the newest findings on micronutrient status and protein-energy malnutrition in the increasingly aging global population; understanding the nutritional challenges they face is vital for healthcare, well being, and public health.Recent findings: The review examines deficiencies in macro- and micronutrients among nonhospitalized, free-living older adults, revealing significant associated health consequences, including frailty, cognitive decline, and reduced quality of life. Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins such as A, D, and E, are common in older populations, emphasizing the need for close monitoring for status of these. Furthermore, water-soluble vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamins B12 and C are also common, and pose health risks, including neurological disorders and cognitive decline. Iron and iodine deficiencies contribute to anemia, and neurocognitive disorders. Finally, protein-energy malnutrition is common in older adults living in high-resource countries and may occur concomitant with depletion of one or more micronutrients.Summary: Addressing specific nutritional deficiencies is fundamental to enhancing the wellbeing and quality of life for free-living older adults. Protein-energy malnutrition, impacting over 25% of those aged 65 and above, results in a range of health issues, including poor wound healing, susceptibility to infections, anemia, and delayed convalescence. These concerns are aggravated by inadequate energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intake, affecting muscle strength and overall health. Future research should focus on tailored appropriate monitoring of at-risk individuals, specific nutritional interventions, and dietary strategies to mitigate these issues and improve health outcomes among older adults.","PeriodicalId":50607,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10872245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional deficiencies in alcohol use disorder/alcohol-associated liver disease. 酒精使用障碍/酒精相关肝病的营养缺乏。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000999

Loretta Jophlin, Tzu-Yu Liu, Craig J McClain

{"title":"Nutritional deficiencies in alcohol use disorder/alcohol-associated liver disease.","authors":"Loretta Jophlin, Tzu-Yu Liu, Craig J McClain","doi":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000999","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000999","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To delineate common and uncommon dietary and nutritional deficiencies in individuals with chronic heavy alcohol use and alcohol use disorder and to highlight important advances in the nutrition field in patients ranging from those with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and no liver disease to those with decompensated alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD).Recent findings: Patients with AUD may have nutritional deficiencies, especially isolated nutrient deficiencies, such as thiamine or zinc deficiencies. This should not be surprising, as alcohol is a major source of \"empty calories.\" It is devoid of critical macronutrients, such as protein, and micronutrients including important vitamins and minerals. Patients with AUD frequently drink much more than often appreciated (10-20 drinks a day). Patients with AUD and early ALD often begin to develop more apparent nutritional deficiencies. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the presenting features of individual nutrient deficiencies, such as thiamine deficiency, and to provide prompt treatment. In patients with more advanced liver disease, malnutrition correlates with severity of liver disease. It is important to understand the value of nutritional support throughout the spectrum of AUD.Summary: We review nutritional deficiencies in the spectrum of patients with AUD and ALD and highlight new information and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":50607,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"112-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional deficiencies in children. 儿童营养不良。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000998

Farhana Ali, Marialena Mouzaki

引用次数: 0

Biliary stem cells in health and cholangiopathies and cholangiocarcinoma. 胆道干细胞在健康、胆道疾病和胆管癌中的作用。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000001005

Vincenzo Cardinale, Savino Paradiso, Domenico Alvaro

{"title":"Biliary stem cells in health and cholangiopathies and cholangiocarcinoma.","authors":"Vincenzo Cardinale, Savino Paradiso, Domenico Alvaro","doi":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000001005","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000001005","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review discusses evidence regarding progenitor populations of the biliary tree in the tissue regeneration and homeostasis, and the pathobiology of cholangiopathies and malignancies.Recent findings: In embryogenesis biliary multipotent progenitor subpopulation contributes cells not only to the pancreas and gall bladder but also to the liver. Cells equipped with a constellation of markers suggestive of the primitive endodermal phenotype exist in the peribiliary glands, the bile duct glands, of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. These cells are able to be isolated and cultured easily, which demonstrates the persistence of a stable phenotype during in vitro expansion, the ability to self-renew in vitro, and the ability to differentiate between hepatocyte and biliary and pancreatic islet fates.Summary: In normal human livers, stem/progenitors cells are mostly restricted in two distinct niches, which are the bile ductules/canals of Hering and the peribiliary glands (PBGs) present inside the wall of large intrahepatic bile ducts. The existence of a network of stem/progenitor cell niches within the liver and along the entire biliary tree inform a patho-biological-based translational approach to biliary diseases and cholangiocarcinoma since it poses the basis to understand biliary regeneration after extensive or chronic injuries and progression to fibrosis and cancer.","PeriodicalId":50607,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology","volume":"40 2","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fibrosis in biliary tract diseases. 胆道疾病中的纤维化。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000001002

Chantal Housset

引用次数: 0

Tight junction proteins and biliary diseases. 紧密连接蛋白与胆道疾病。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000996

Grégory Merlen, Thierry Tordjmann

{"title":"Tight junction proteins and biliary diseases.","authors":"Grégory Merlen, Thierry Tordjmann","doi":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000996","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000996","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: In the pathophysiological context of cholangiopathies and more broadly of hepatopathies, while it is conceptually clear that the maintenance of inter-cholangiocyte and inter-hepatocyte tight junction integrity would be crucial for liver protection, only scarce studies have been devoted to this topic. Indeed, in the liver, alteration of tight junctions, the intercellular adhesion complexes that control paracellular permeability would result in leaky bile ducts and bile canaliculi, allowing bile reflux towards hepatic parenchyma, contributing to injury during the disease process.Recent findings: Last decades have provided a great deal of information regarding both tight junction structural organization and signaling pathways related to tight junctions, providing clues about potential intervention to modulate paracellular permeability during cholangiopathies pathogenesis. Interestingly, several liver diseases have been reported to be associated with abnormal expression of one or several tight junction proteins. However, the question remains unanswered if these alterations would be primarily involved in the disease pathogenesis or if they would occur secondarily in the pathological course.Summary: In this review, we provide an overview of tight junction disruptions described in various biliary diseases that should pave the way for defining new therapeutic targets in this field.","PeriodicalId":50607,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting osteopontin to treat primary sclerosing cholangitis. 靶向骨蛋白治疗原发性硬化性胆管炎

IF 2.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000001001

Kevin De Muynck, Lindsey Devisscher

{"title":"Targeting osteopontin to treat primary sclerosing cholangitis.","authors":"Kevin De Muynck, Lindsey Devisscher","doi":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000001001","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000001001","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease for which no pharmacological treatment options are available. It is an immune-mediated disease and macrophages have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, which specific macrophage populations contribute to disease, and how we can apply this as therapeutic strategy is still unclear.Recent findings: Recent studies have shown that fibrous tissue is characterized by osteopontin-positive macrophages, including in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Experimental models indicate that intracellular osteopontin in macrophages confers protection, while secreted osteopontin contributes to disease. Serum osteopontin is increased in different liver diseases, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, and might thus serve as therapeutic target.Summary: Although several studies report on the role of osteopontin in liver disease, only a minority of the studies have focused on isoform-specific functions, and the importance of the cellular source of secreted osteopontin. Future studies investigating these aspects, and how this can be translated to therapies for primary sclerosing cholangitis, and other chronic liver diseases, are required.","PeriodicalId":50607,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting bile salt homeostasis in biliary diseases. 针对胆道疾病的胆盐平衡。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000997

David C Trampert, Roni F Kunst, Stan F J van de Graaf

{"title":"Targeting bile salt homeostasis in biliary diseases.","authors":"David C Trampert, Roni F Kunst, Stan F J van de Graaf","doi":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000997","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000997","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Advances in the understanding of bile salt synthesis, transport and signalling show the potential of modulating bile salt homeostasis as a therapeutic strategy in cholestatic liver diseases. Here, recent developments in (pre)clinical research in this field is summarized and discussed.Recent findings: Inhibition of the apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (ASBT) and Na + -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) seems effective against cholestatic liver diseases, as well as Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonism or a combination of both. While approved for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has retrospectively shown carefully promising results in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The side chain shortened derivate norUDCA is of further therapeutic interest since its mechanisms of action are independent of the bile salt transport machinery. In the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangiopathies, a skewed T-cell response with alterations in gut microbiota and bile salt pool compositions are observed. In PSC pathogenesis, the bile salt receptor Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in cholangiocytes is implicated, whilst in immunoglobulin G4-related cholangitis the autoantigens annexin A11 and laminin 511-E8 are involved in protecting cholangiocytes.Summary: Modulating bile salt homeostasis has proven a promising treatment strategy in models of cholestasis and are continuously being further developed. Confirmatory clinical studies are needed in order to assess the proposed treatment strategies in patients allowing for a broader therapeutic arsenal in the future.","PeriodicalId":50607,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Colon polyps: updates in classification and management. 结肠息肉：分类和管理的更新。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000988

David Dornblaser, Sigird Young, Aasma Shaukat

{"title":"Colon polyps: updates in classification and management.","authors":"David Dornblaser, Sigird Young, Aasma Shaukat","doi":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000988","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MOG.0000000000000988","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Colon polyps are potential precursors to colorectal cancer (CRC), which remains one of the most common causes of cancer-associated death. The proper identification and management of these colorectal polyps is an important quality measure for colonoscopy outcomes. Here, we review colon polyp epidemiology, their natural history, and updates in endoscopic classification and management.Recent findings: Colon polyps that form from not only the adenoma, but also the serrated polyp pathway have significant risk for future progression to CRC. Therefore, correct identification and management of sessile serrated lesions can improve the quality of screening colonoscopy. Malignant polyp recognition continues to be heavily reliant on well established endoscopic classification systems and plays an important role in intraprocedural management decisions. Hot snare remains the gold standard for pedunculated polyp resection. Nonpedunculated noninvasive lesions can be effectively removed by large forceps if diminutive, but cold snare is preferred for colon polyps 3-20 mm in diameter. Larger lesions at least 20 mm require endoscopic mucosal resection. Polyps with the endoscopic appearance of submucosal invasion require surgical referral or advanced endoscopic resection in select cases. Advances in artificial intelligence may revolutionize endoscopic polyp classification and improve both patient and cost-related outcomes of colonoscopy.Summary: Clinicians should be aware of the most recent updates in colon polyp classification and management to provide the best care to their patients initiating screening colonoscopy.","PeriodicalId":50607,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0