Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development最新文献

{"title":"Contending food sovereignty with cultivating kinship through community gardens","authors":"Max Sano","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.020","url":null,"abstract":"First paragraph: Gabriel R. Valle’s Gardening on the Margins underscores the importance of engaging in anthropological research through community building in a way that resonates with my entry into food systems research. In embedding himself in Santa Clara Valley, he had the chance to meet with members of the La Mesa Verde community, many of whom are community gardeners who entered community gardening not just out of necessity to meet their needs but also through an “ethic of care,” which the author defines as “caring for others and the relationships that caring creates … make us human” (p. 8). . . .","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"87 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public assistance, living environments, and food insecurity: A comparative community case study","authors":"M. Bezuneh, Zelealem Yiheyis","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.013","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity continues to affect certain seg­ments of the U.S. population at the household and individual levels even when the economy is experi­encing growth. This recognition has led to the design and implementation of food assistance programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, targeting food hardship in low-income families. This is in addition to other types of government assistance, such as housing subsidies and public housing, as low-income households and individuals face similar challenges in housing security. Concern over “concentrated poverty” in traditional public housing environment has contributed to a shift toward mixed-income developments, envisaged to improve the living conditions and economic opportunities of public-housing residents. This paper provides a compara­tive assessment of food insecurity in traditional and mixed-income public housing communities. It also examines the effect of nonhousing public assis­tance on food insecurity and the temporal relation­ship between the timing of food hardship and the receipt of assistance. Administering a modified version of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s Household Food Security Module to the majority of residents in the two communities, the researchers found negligible differences in food insecurity between recipients and nonrecipients of government assistance. Nevertheless, government assistance appeared to improve the probability of being food secure as it interacted with living envi­ronments, suggestive of greater beneficial effect in the environment of mixed-income housing. The results show that the number of households experi­encing reduced food intake was lowest in the first two weeks and highest during the fourth week of the month.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":" 66","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140210829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the emerging phenomenon of food forestry in the Netherlands: An assemblage theory approach","authors":"Anna M. Roodhof","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.018","url":null,"abstract":"In the Netherlands, food forests have been appear­ing by the dozens since 2017, resulting in calls by Dutch national and local governments, as well as civil society organizations, for evidence of their parameters and profitability. This paper focuses on the former, mapping and analyzing food forestry (FF) in the Netherlands by drawing on assemblage theory. A survey, and unstructured interviews with five FF experts from the field, resulted in descrip­tive FF data as well as a map of 231 food forests. The main conclusion from the survey data from 109 participants is that food forests are incredibly diverse and versatile in terms of goal or orientation, although few initiatives focus on profitability. Some similarities include age, as most food forests were planted after 2017, and size, as most are between 0.5 and 2.5 hectares (ha), or between 1.2 and 6.2 acres. The demographics of practitioners, however, are rather homogeneous: university-educated individuals between 40 and 60 years old are the norm. Many practitioners state that the FF community at large has contributed to their access to knowledge and network, as well as their enthusi­asm, sense of pride, and hope for the future regard­ing FF. Moreover, a shared ontological posi­tion, the distribution and exchange of knowledge, the institutionalization of FF, and infrastructural conditions both foster cohesion within the FF assemblage and embody exclusionary and disrup­tive processes. These complex relations confirm the importance of descriptive and contextualized evidence to support FF.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140212142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First you need the farmers: The microfarm system as a critical intervention in the alternative food movement","authors":"Kent Curtis, Grace Cornell","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.017","url":null,"abstract":"After more than three decades, the alternative food movement has developed multiple strategies, most of which are still struggling. This essay surveys the literature on six key alternative food movement (AFM) strategies, assessing their strengths and weaknesses before describing a novel strategy, the microfarm system, which is being implemented in north central Ohio. It argues that key omissions from most AFM scholarship and practices include sustained attention to training and supporting suc­cessful farmers, concerted efforts to help facilitate needed social networks or communities of prac­tices around alternative food developments, and forwarding a set of ambitions that do not appreci­ate the scale of existing food systems nor the limits of alternative food systems’ impact. It offers the microfarm system as an emerging approach to address these omissions.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":" 73","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Democratizing food systems: A scoping review of deliberative mini-publics in the context of food policy","authors":"Simone Ubertino, Romain Dureau, M. Gaboury-Bonhomme, Laure Saulais","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.019","url":null,"abstract":"Deliberative mini-publics (DMPs) have attracted growing attention from both researchers and practitioners in recent years. Their purpose is to assemble random groups of citizens, representing a cross section of society, in order to engage in discussions about policy issues and formulate recommendations. During these sessions, partici­pants are exposed to contrasting perspectives from experts and engage in respectful internal delibera­tions, facilitated by organizers, before arriving at a carefully considered joint policy position on the topic at hand. DMPs are grounded in the belief that citizen involvement and input are essential if policy reforms are to be perceived as legitimate by the public. In the agri-food domain, they represent an innovative way to rebuild public trust in the food system, allowing citizens to reshape food policy in alignment with their values and concerns. In this study, we conducted a scoping review of the literature to assess the contexts in which food-related DMPs emerge, as well as their organiza­tional characteristics, procedural qualities, and results. We identified a total of 24 case studies, revealing significant diversity between DMPs in terms of their policy themes, formats, and recruitment and decision-making procedures. In terms of results, participants reported that attend­ing the DMP had been a positive experience and had increased their awareness of, and ability to engage in, food policy debates. However, only a handful of DMPs led to documented policy reforms. We argue that greater emphasis should be placed on post-deliberation activities and dialogues if DMPs are to make a meaningful impact and contribute to the democratization of food systems.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing public health through modern agronomy: Sustainable and nutrient-rich practices","authors":"","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.014","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This commentary explores modern agronomy concepts aimed at enhancing public health through sustainable and nutrient-rich agricultural practices. We explore various innovative approaches, includ­ing precision agriculture, sustainable farming, efficient nutrient management, crop diversity, biofortification, climate-resilient farming, vertical farming and urban agriculture, digital agriculture, and agroecology (see Figure 1). Our commentary delves into each of these modern agronomy prac­tices, unveiling their intricate web and profound implications for public health. We aim to demon­strate the potential of modern agronomy as a catalyst for improving public health and the quality of life for individuals and communities worldwide. These concepts collectively strive to elevate public health by improving food quality, enhancing nutrition, and safeguarding the well-being of individuals and communities. By harnessing these cutting-edge agronomic concepts, we aspire to transform agriculture into a powerful force for improving public health and enhancing overall quality of life. . . .","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate resilient food systems and community reconnection through radical seed diversity","authors":"Chris Smith","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.007","url":null,"abstract":"Diversity is essential to climate resilience in food and farming. Traditionally, agrobiodiversity has been cultivated and sustained through communi­ties’ relationships with seeds. A fluid process of saving, preserving, and exchanging seeds allows for regional adaptation and transformation. This pro­cess results in seed diversity at the crop, variety, and genetic level. Over the last century, agrobio­di­versity has declined at an alarming rate, and simul­taneously there has been an erosion of community seed-keeping practices. A reaction to these interre­lated crises has been an increased push to preserve biodiversity through institutional seed preservation efforts (also called ex situ preservation), which focus on genetic preservation of seeds in con­trolled environments. The seeds are genetic resources that are made available to plant breeders, who solve agronomic problems by creating improved cultivars for farmers. This is very differ­ent from community seed-keeping (also called in situ preservation), which values seed-people rela­tionships and fosters natural agrobiodiversity and regional adaptation. Seeds are seen in direct con­nection to food, and saved for immediate and prac­tical reasons like yield, flavor, and resistance to bio­tic stressors. In traditional communities, seeds are often perceived as kin, as ancestors or living beings with both histories and futures. For institutional seed preservation, collecting and maintaining seed diversity is an imperative insurance policy against future challenges. Ironically, this model erodes community-based seed-keeping efforts and increases dependence on institutional seed preser­vation to maintain genetic diversity. In this paper, we explore declining agrobiodiversity and commu­nity seed-keeping and share our experiences work­ing with a diverse range of varieties from The Heir­loom Collard Project (HCP). We propose that radi­cal seed diversity can jump-start autonomous, community-based seed-keeping efforts, increasing agrobiodiversity and, ultimately, the climate resilience of food systems.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory breeding in organic systems: Experiences from maize case studies in the United States","authors":"Christopher Mujjabi, Martin Bohn, Michelle Wander, Carmen Ugarte","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.008","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory breeding and crop selection can satis­fy the needs of underserved groups of farmers (e.g., organic producers, farmers producing spe­cialty grain for niche markets) neglected by the modern global seed industry. Participatory research methods that value local knowledge and facilitate the active involvement of producers, researchers, and other actors involved in the agri-food system are tactics that can help us achieve sustainable agri­culture. Interest in the use of participatory methods to increase the value of U.S. land-grant universities to society has grown rapidly during the last decade. Interest includes re-engagement in the develop­ment of maize hybrids that perform well in a diverse range of heterogeneous growing environ­ments and that are better suited for sustainability-minded producers, buyers, and consumers. Sys­tems-based breeding aimed at protecting the envi­ronment and providing food, fiber, and energy while considering equity issues, has been proposed as a way to overcome the shortcomings of privat­ized approaches. In this article, we consider recent projects that use collaborative methods for hybrid maize breeding, cultivar testing, and genetic research to develop, identify, and deliver traits associated with crop performance, quality, and sus­tainability. Three case studies consider the efforts focused on developing non-GMO varieties for organic and specialty markets. We find that, unlike many successful efforts focused on the improve­ment of other crops, there are few promising mod­els for participatory breeding of hybrid maize. Even though many projects have sought to involve stakeholders with a variety of methods, all have struggled to meaningfully engage farmers in maize hybrid improvement. Still, our reflection of case studies calls for systems-based breeding and sug­gests a path forward. This route would seek to address the needs, perspectives, and values of a broader range of actors participating in the food system by leveraging technologies and infrastruc­ture in service of the public. Land-grant universities are well positioned to play a crucial role in coordi­nating efforts, facilitating partnerships, and sup­porting breeding programs that satisfy societal wants that include health, equity, and care.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender, sexuality, and food access: An exploration of food security with LGBTQIA2S+ university students","authors":"Eli Lumens, M. Beckie, Fay Fletcher","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.010","url":null,"abstract":"Although research has been limited to date, food insecurity in the United States has been shown to be more pervasive among the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, agender, asexual, and Two-Spirit (LGBTQIA2S+) commu­nity, affecting millions annually. College and uni­versity students also experience statistically signifi­cantly higher rates of food insecurity than nonstudents. This research examines food insecu­rity at the intersection of the LGBTQIA2S+ com­munity and the university and college student pop­ulation, as told by the community itself. A qualitative, participatory approach and methods of Photovoice and semi-structured interviews with eight self-identified LGBTQIA2S+ university stu­dents studying at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) were used to explore the factors influencing participants’ food access. Data were analyzed using thematic decomposition analy­sis guided by intersectionality and queer theories. LGBTQIA2S+ identities were found to signifi­cantly impact food access, which was further influ­enced by physical, socio-cultural, and political envi­ronments. Barriers to food access include experiences with discrimination on and off cam­pus, poor support systems, a lack of full-selection grocery stores on or near campus, religious influ­ences, the stigma associated with needing food assistance, mental and physical health conditions, financial constraints, time limitations, and lacking transportation options. Understanding the intersec­tionality of LGBTQIA2S+ students’ experiences and providing relevant and effective support is needed to improve equitable access to nutritious and affordable foods. The findings of this research provide novel insights into food insecurity, an issue that is increasingly influencing the health and well-being of LGBTQIA2S+ university students.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"49 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenging power relations in food systems governance: A conversation about moving from inclusion to decolonization","authors":"Renzo Guinto, Kip Holley, Sherry Pictou, Rāwiri Tinirau, Fiona Wiremu, Peter Andreé, Jill Clark, Charles Z. Levkoe, Belinda Reeve","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.009","url":null,"abstract":"This reflective essay explores power relations, with a particular focus on racialization, that flow through dominant forms of food systems govern­ance, with an aim to create more participatory gov­ernance models. Four of the authors asked a group of five scholars, activists, and practi­tioners (also authors) who identify as Black, Indige­nous or People of Color (BIPOC) to discuss dur­ing a conference session issues of Indigenous food sovereignty, decolonization, Whiteness, and inclu­sivity in food systems governance. This paper pre­sents and analyzes the content of the session, part of the 2021 Global Food Governance Conference. We reflect on common themes from the session and put forth recommendations: encouraging greater inclusion in existing forms of food systems governance, achieving decolonization through cre­ating diverse new governance models, and address­ing the deeper power structures that underpin the dominant food system itself. We also suggest a research agenda, with the “what” of the agenda unfolding from a process of agenda development that centers BIPOC scholarship. The frameworks offered by the panelists are a starting point, as more work is needed to move towards decolo­nizing food systems governance research. Finally, a collaborative agenda must attend to the inextricable links of food systems governance to other funda­mental issues, such as the emerging field of planetary health.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}