International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Gallbladder malignancy an old soul revisited-ultrasonography and contrast enhanced computed tomography evaluation in tertiary care center in South West Bihar","authors":"Shreya Bhat, M. S. Ahmad, Sachin Sharma, Puja","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240035","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gallbladder (GB) malignancy is the commonest biliary tract carcinoma. It ranks fifth among the malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract and in all encompasses about 1-3% of all malignancies. Its peak occurrence is in the 5th decade or older with a female predilection. The most cases of GB malignancy are seen along the Ganga river delta region in India. The median survival rate in GB malignancy is approximately 6 months.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital Sasaram over a period of 12 months from August 2022 to September 2023. A total of 40 patients were included on the basis of signs and symptoms of gallbladder carcinoma and underwent USG and CT scan for preoperative radiological diagnosis, following operation all the resected specimens were sent for histopathological evaluation. The diagnostic accuracies of USG and CT scan were then compared against histopathological diagnosis by using Kappa statistics.\u0000Results: In the present study, the mean age of the patients was 60 (range: 40-80 years) with female preponderance. About 40% of the gall-bladder were contracted and reduced in size and 35% large and distended on USG examination, while 45% of the gall-bladder were contracted and reduced in size and 37.5% distended and large on CT examination. Approximately 37.5% had irregularly thickened wall and 25% diffusely thickened wall on USG and 25% of gallbladder wall were diffusely thickened and 45% irregularly thickened on CT scan. The present study showed hepatic parenchymal invasion to be 25% on USG and 37.5% on CT scan. The sensitivity and specificity of USG in diagnosing GB carcinoma were 94.2% and 71.4% respectively. Similarly, the sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in detecting GB carcinoma were 97.1% and 83.3% respectively. The test of agreement (Kappa test) revealed an almost 90% agreement between the two procedures meaning that the two diagnostic modalities are almost comparable in diagnosing gall bladder carcinoma.\u0000Conclusions: As the histopathological diagnosis of the present study correlated well with USG and CT scan findings in the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma; it can be concluded that both USG and CT scan are useful imaging modalities for diagnosing this disease. However, CT scan is more sensitive and specific in predicting gall bladder carcinoma as compared to USG.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clarithromycin: overview and its current clinical utility in the treatment of respiratory tract infections","authors":"Prashant Naik, Divya Prabhat, Rakesh Shrivastava, Arun Nair, D. Khandke","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240027","url":null,"abstract":"Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a common reason for medical consultation all over the world. Streptococcus A (Strep A) and other infections can cause sore throat as well as pharyngitis or tonsillitis. It may also result in post-infection sequelae, including acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease.  As a result, there is a need for an antibiotic that is effective, easy to administer, has a favorable sensitivity pattern, and preferably has some additional pharmacodynamic properties that complement the basic antibacterial profile. Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity against respiratory pathogens. It is especially active against atypical Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella spp. It is well absorbed and stable at gastric pH. It is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes and forms 14-hydroxy clarithromycin, which is more active than the parent compound, especially against Hemophilus influenzae. It acts by preventing protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. In dosages of 500 to 1000 mg/day for 5 to 14 days, clarithromycin is effective in the treatment of community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections in hospital and community settings. It exerts significant anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and post-antibiotic effects. It provides a viable option for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections, in both children and adults.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"68 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139611551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypokalemia-induced arrhythmia: a case series","authors":"Ansari Mohammed Shoeb, Shaikh Ashar, Mudassir Ansari","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240028","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium is one of the major intracellular electrolytes in the body and is normally maintained between 3.5 and 5.5 mEq/L. A serum K+ concentration below 3.5 mEq/L is considered hypokalemia. Electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium disorders, are common in clinical practice. Potassium homeostasis plays a key role in regulating cell membrane excitability. Potassium is a major determinant of the electrophysiologic properties of the myocardial membrane, and it plays an important role in the occurrence of arrhythmia. Hypokalemia can lead to clinically significant, life-threatening arrhythmia. Typical electrocardiographic (ECG) features of hypokalemia include widespread ST depression, T wave inversion, and prominent U waves. However, hypokalemia may present with different types of arrhythmias as well. Herein, we present 3 cases presenting with hypokalemia-induced arrhythmias in different clinical scenarios with documented low potassium levels and treated with timely diagnosis and effective management. ","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139610190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcomatous transformation of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: a case report","authors":"Sailendranath Biswas, A. Saha, Asish K. Das, Shreya Ganguly","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240029","url":null,"abstract":"Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) represents a rare group of benign fibro-osseous disorders, while osteogenic sarcoma (OS) on the other hand, is a malignant tumour of ominous prognosis. The malignant transformation of a benign fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw is quite uncommon and has few reported cases. The clinico-radiological findings and histopathological analysis of a lesion present in all four quadrants of the jaw of a patient who reported at the outpatient department of a regional dental college is presented here. The lesion underwent sarcomatous transformation over two months and the findings were confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Although florid cemento-osseous dysplasia is a benign lesion of the jaw with a very low propensity for malignant transformation, it should be closely monitored in patients with tumour predisposition syndromes. Further research and molecular studies are required for better understanding of inadvertent changes.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139611710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative and prospective study of ventral hernia repair by laparoscopic and open technique","authors":"Abhishek Kumar, Sunil Chumber","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ventral hernia repair is becoming more common through laparoscopic techniques; however, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the associated complication rates. We undertook a prospective study to contrast the early establishments of laparoscopic and open ventral hernia surgeries in order to fill this gap. The aim of the study was to assess and contrast the efficiency and reliability of open and laparoscopic techniques for the treatment of ventral hernias.\u0000Methods: A prospective study was carried out at All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India between 2011 and 2014 to assess the dissimilarities between open and laparoscopic approaches in ventral hernia repairs. The study included a total of 40 cases each for open/laparoscopic ventral hernia repair procedures.\u0000Results: Eighty cases were investigated, forty of which underwent open repairs and forty of which underwent laparoscopic procedures. In this study, the oldest patient was 77 years old, and the youngest patient was 25 years old. The vast majority (49%) of patients were in their fourth to sixth decades of life. Incisional hernias were in bulk, that had formed from earlier midline lower scars. In both open and laparascopic surgery, there were 40 patients- 43 females and 37 males.  \u0000Conclusions: Ventral hernia repair via laparoscopic surgery is showing encouraging results and is currently a widely used technique. When compared to open repairs, it has benefits like decreased postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and fewer short-term problems. Laparoscopic hernia surgery also results in a lower risk of wound infections, an earlier restoration of bowel function, and a quicker return to regular activities.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of seroma formation after modified radical mastectomy: an observational analysis of risk factors","authors":"Abhishek Kumar, Sunil Chumber","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240021","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Seroma, a medically apparent subcutaneous accumulation of effusion fluid after breast carcinoma, growing in 30% of patients. The main hurdle in breast cancer surgery is the formation of a seroma, with an unknown root cause. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between some elements connected with, modified radical mastectomy and seroma formation before the operative period, during the operative period, and after the operative period.\u0000Methods: This was an observational study including 200 female patients who were undergoing modified radical mastectomy at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi from January 2011 to December 2014. After the surgery, the patient was kept under observation for seroma formation. Chi square and t tests were used for the statistical analysis of this study.\u0000Results: Seroma formation was more prevalent in old-age patients and overweight patients. The more the initial drain volume the more will be the seroma formation. After the operation, arm physiotherapy was started. 40 patients of older age had the formation of seroma. 30 patients developed seroma whose tumor size was more than 3 cm.\u0000Conclusions: The occurrence of seroma was more prominent in older age patients and overweight patients. With prompt physiotherapy and flap fixation under muscles can reduce the occurrence of seroma formation and some interventions in the time of operation can help in decreasing seroma formation.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Students’ perspective on absenteeism: a cross-sectional study among students at government medical colleges of Western Maharashtra","authors":"Shilpa L. Narayankar, Suraj T. Jadhavar, Saurabh S. Patil, Nikhil R. Gode, Megha S. Kinake, Mansi S. Thokal, Sayli S. Dhande","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The professional courses as undergraduate medical education need high theoretical and clinical classes attendance as those students will be future doctors and will deal with the health and disease of the public. In spite of implementing strict policies regarding student attendance, the rate of absenteeism in medical colleges remains high and is a growing apprehension a phenomenon that is also on the rise in universities worldwide.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study in few Governments Medical Colleges of Western region of Maharashtra using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected and analysed through Google forms.\u0000Results: Preparatory leave before every examination required (50.7%), air-conditioned classrooms (49.7%), good ventilated classrooms (44.1%), interactive teachers (41.8%), decrease lecture duration (38%), more practical less theory classes (37.6%) and good transportation facilities (34.3%) were various major suggestions given by students to increase the overall attendance.\u0000Conclusions: Feedback from students must be repeatedly considered while designing and revising the curriculum to reduce absenteeism.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, causative organism and antibiotic susceptibility of catheter associated urinary tract infections","authors":"Rajesh Venkataraman, Gloriya Grifth Manuel, Jeevan Rai N., Shahasanu R. S., Akshay S. R., Eldho Paul, Muhammed Sanib","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233997","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most common nosocomial infection is catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), with a 3-7% daily risk of developing CAUTI in acute care settings. This study's goal was to identify the prevalence, risk factors, causative organism of CAUTI and understanding the organism's current antimicrobial agent sensitivity profile. Methods: Total 120 patients participated in a prospective and observational study conducted at Adichunchanagiri Hospital, Karnataka. Reviewing and evaluating patient case sheets, laboratory results, and treatment charts of participants who were hospital inpatients provided data needed for the study. Microsoft Excel was used to enter the data and version 28 of SPSS to analyze the data. Statistical significance was determined by using a P-value of less than 0.05. Results: It was discovered that 12.5% of HAI cases were linked to catheter use. The most prevalent microbial agent in the current investigation was E. coli (41.7%). According to the current study, women are more likely than men to get UTIs. An underlying medical condition was found to have a strong correlation with UTIs in the current investigation. For CAUTI, drug resistance to cefotaxime and tigecycline was noted. Conclusions: The study suggested that gender, age extremes, use of antibiotics, length of stay in intensive care unit, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive medication, and indwelling urinary devices are the major risk factors for CAUTI. E. coli was the most common microbiological agent in the current study. Therefore, to assist doctors in the treatment and management of CAUTIs, ongoing surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns is required.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"24 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of frontal flap for reconstruction of malar region following arteriovenous malformation resection: a case report","authors":"Francisco A. Olvera Yarza, Fernando Téllez Pallares, Aldo Lara Mejía, Miguel Jiménez Yarza, Enrique E. Pérez Guzmán","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234006","url":null,"abstract":"Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital vascular anomalies characterized by abnormal artery-vein connections. These malformations often occur intracranially but can be found in extracranial regions, presenting unique clinical challenges. Diagnosis and staging, typically using the Schobinger clinical classification, are essential, and various imaging techniques aid in the process. Treatment of AVMs is a multidisciplinary effort, with minimally invasive endovascular procedures being preferred, and surgical resection considered for extensive cases. In this case report, a 52-year-old male with an AVM in the malar region underwent successful treatment. The procedure involved preoperative marking, anesthesia, flap division, AVM resection, and flap placement, followed by suturing and a second surgical stage. The successful utilization of a contralateral frontal flap for reconstruction following AVM resection is highlighted. This case underscores the importance of a multi-stage surgical approach and careful flap preservation in AVM treatment, emphasizing the skills of surgeons. Collaboration among various medical specialties is crucial for effectively managing AVMs, combining embolization, resection, and reconstruction for tailored treatment that improves both function and aesthetics.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological spectrum in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding: a cross sectional study in tertiary care hospital in Tripura","authors":"Noni Gopal Reang, Arup Bhaumik, A. Banerjee, Jayanta Roy, Abhijit Datta","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233983","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Majority women encounter abnormal uterine bleeding in their life where the causes are not limited to cancer even unknown. The actual cause has not been studied in north-east part of India. This data is scarce in State of Tripura. The present study aims to find out histomorphological patterns of AUB reported in AGMC & GBP Hospital in a calendar year. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over 2 calendar year from 2021 to 2022 where the cases of AUB irrespective of age, who had undergone endometrial biopsy, endometrial curettage and hysterectomy in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, AGMC were examined histomorphologically in the dept of Pathology, AGMC. Data were collected in predesigned proforma and analysed using SPSS 21.0 and expressed in both descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical approval was taken. Results: Total 220 cases of AUB specimens were examined. Among the reported AUB cases, the mean age is 42.5±7.42 year. Overall, 16.81% of the cases of AUB shows normal tissue pattern and 83.19% with abnormal endometrial tissue. Out of 220 sample of AUB, the commonest cause was leiomyoma (20.45%) followed by endometrial hyperplasia (17.27%), adenomyosis (14.54%), mixed tumour lesion (9.09%), endometrial carcinoma (4.54%) and 1.35% shows cervical cancer. Conclusions: Study concluded that In Tripura, majority AUB cases are due to leiomyoma, endometrial hyperplasia, adenomyosis and mixed inflammation indicating proper screening during reproductive stage of the women.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}