The Linacre Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Ordinary Missions.","authors":"Barbara Golder","doi":"10.1177/0024363920970808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920970808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920970808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38853110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vatican Opinion on Gender Theory.","authors":"Julio Tudela,&nbsp;Enrique Burguete,&nbsp;Justo Aznar","doi":"10.1177/0024363920933111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920933111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article is a reasoned response to the article by Timothy F. Murphy, recently published in the prestigious journal <i>Bioethics</i>, on the supposed opposition between the views of the Catholic Church and what he calls \"contemporary science\" in relation to certain anthropological issues linked to the gender perspective. To point to \"the Vatican\" as anchored in an unscientific and anachronistic position, using the term contemporary science to which he attributes a unanimous representation of current scientific thinking on the subject is, in our view, unfounded and completely unacceptable. In his reflection, he does not adequately distinguish between intersex and transgenderism, two clearly different realities with different needs. The author defends the obsolescence of the binary sex/gender model that, in his view, \"betrays human sexuality.\" Furthermore, he does so without providing a plausible justification or a definition of human nature that is able to support the plurality and indeterminacy of sexual conditions, without falling back on untenable dualisms or relativism devoid of scientific objectivity. In our response, we highlight how the dialogue between Faith and Reason, as developed in the recent Magisterium of the Catholic Church, is essential to explain nature, the human being and, in general, all creations. Finally, contemporary science does not provide a monolithic and unquestionable view of the nature of human beings and their sexual identity, as the author claims, with many scientists confirming evidence of a binary human sexuality genetically and phenotypically determined.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This paper is a reasoned response to the supposed opposition between the views of the Catholic Church and \"contemporary science\" in relation to certain anthropological issues linked to the gender perspective.The dialogue between Faith and Reason, as developed in the recent Magisterium of the Catholic Church, is essential to explain nature, the human being and, in general, all creation, against the opinion of those who defend the obsolescence of the binary sex/gender model that, in their view, \"betrays human sexuality\".</p>","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920933111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38853117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Death by Donation\": Harvesting Organs from Still-Living Persons.","authors":"Justo Aznar","doi":"10.1177/0024363920944841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920944841","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"87 4","pages":"372-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920944841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38525608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suffering Absence: Hauerwas and the Challenges to Faithful Presence in Contemporary Medical Training.","authors":"Benjamin W Frush","doi":"10.1177/0024363920937626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920937626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this essay, the author draws on the theologian Stanley Hauerwas' work to describe the central challenge of the contemporary medical trainee as an inability to be present to suffering patients. While the central challenge to the physician was once the moral resources required for such presence, today it is the temporal and bureaucratic demands bearing upon the contemporary resident preclude even the opportunity for this presence. In order to seek out such spaces when time does become available, the contemporary trainee requires a moral community, as Hauerwas notes \"like a church,\" to remind him or her of the moral commitment to be present to suffering patients even in the midst of such structural challenges.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Contemporary residents must actively seek out the opportunity to be present to suffering patients and require moral communities to sustain this commitment.</p>","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"87 4","pages":"464-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920937626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Kind of Dignity?","authors":"Janet E Smith","doi":"10.1177/0024363920948643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920948643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tend to think that \"dignity\" means that someone is sophisticated and well-mannered or that human dignity points to great achievements. There is, though, a special dignity in those who are vulnerable for they provide a focal point for love and generally respond enthusiastically to that love; they draw love out of others.</p>","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"87 4","pages":"484-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920948643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet Pornography: Some Medical and Spiritual Perspectives.","authors":"James McTavish","doi":"10.1177/0024363920933114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920933114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Internet has made pornography available on a massive scale. Data released by \"Pornhub\" the world's most popular Internet porn site, reveal that in 2019 alone, there were over 42 billion visits to its website, which in itself is an incredible waste of time and energy, which could be more fruitfully employed. Pornography viewing is poisonous for the conscience and commodifies the human body, reducing it to an object of abusive pleasure. Its negative effects can be broadly seen in three overlapping categories: personal, psychological, and social. The antidote is a renewed call to chastity, that self-mastery that can help direct one's passions in a more fruitful way. Without prayer, we cannot live chastely as \"the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak\" (Matthew 26:41). There is an urgency for the new evangelization to help recapture the dignity of the body and counter the lie of pornography, and to ensure that in the digital world, the face of Christ needs to be seen and his voice heard.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The first part of this essay outlines some personal, psychological, and social dangers of pornography. Viewing of pornography is harmful, as it objectifies the human body and distorts one's vision of sexuality. The second part of the essay gives some practical advice concerning how to ideally halt or reverse the epidemic of porn viewing, emphasizing the dignity of each person as subject, and reminding us of how a chaste gaze helps one rediscover the real beauty and value of the human body.</p>","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"87 4","pages":"451-463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920933114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health in Need of Healing: Church History as a Road Map for Future Evangelization in Medicine.","authors":"James O Breen","doi":"10.1177/0024363920916275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920916275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Western medicine developed as an expression of Christian charity and played a large role in the growth of the early church. Despite its original foundation in Christian moral principles, modern medicine has deviated from its origins. The principles of human dignity, solidarity, and subsidiarity have been subjugated to a materialist and transactional construct that forms the basis of the contemporary medical delivery and financing systems. The dehumanization of both healthcare practitioners and patients by the partnership of governmental and corporate entities, and the use of health care as a political instrument, has debased the original mission of the medical profession and represents an affront to the principles of Catholic social teaching (CST). This essay explores the ways in which the US medical delivery and financing systems violate the principles of CST by means seldom recognized due to the inurement of the public and medical professionals. By examining the prevailing healthcare model through the lens of CST, the author illustrates the ways in which CST principles are systematically violated. This analysis serves as the foundation of a Catholic response to the question of how faithful Christians might live out their calls to holiness through the exercise of their professional vocations. A vision of an invigorated model of medicine as vocation, along with illustrative examples, is presented. By exemplifying the principles of human dignity, solidarity and subsidiarity in health care, Christians can seize a golden opportunity for evangelization by rearticulating the historical spiritual mission of Western medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"87 4","pages":"444-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920916275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness, Relationship, and Serving the Human Person.","authors":"Barbara Golder","doi":"10.1177/0024363920947497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920947497","url":null,"abstract":"C.S. Lewis once observed that, apart from the Blessed Sacrament, the most sacred encounter we have on a daily basis is with another person. By creating man in his image and likeness, and by the Incarnation that redeems, God tied humankind to himself, firmly and forever. The human person is a sacred expression of God, never to be trivialized, never to be reduced to a mere “thing.” When we fail to recognize that sacredness, we fall short of our calling as Christians and that calling is clear: at a minimum, we are to love others as we love ourselves. If, however, we imitate our Savior, we are to love others as he did, which is a much greater challenge. In either case, relegating the other person to a lesser status is denied the Christian. We recognize that in the abstract. All of us fall short from time to time in our actions. Practice is always harder than theory. In this issue, we explore both the basis for the Christian anthropology that compels us to treat others so well and some of the ways in which modern society and modern medicine fail in that task. At its very core, the Christian world view and the ethics that stem from it are intensely relational. Our Triune God is himself a relationship, and he calls us into his inner life. Recognizing that connectedness imposes some serious duties. Our content also explores some of the ways in which we fall short by failing to consider the dignity of human person in the medical system, whether patient or caregiver, from collection of patient data without permission to exploitation of poor patients in medical research from which they will never benefit. But there are other ways in which our medical care fails to respect the dignity of the people involved in it that are not the subject of articles in this issue but are nevertheless important. Some of the most pervasive stem not from active intent to relegate another to less-than-human status, but from simple inattentiveness. The restrictions imposed by the COVID pandemic have exposed some of the ways in which our medical systems—whether hospital or office based—fail to care for the vulnerable, aged, and marginalized because we simply don’t recognize them or their particular needs. The pandemic has also provided an opportunity for us to respond—in relationship—to those needs. Too often, our systems are designed with efficiency, rather than inclusion, in mind. The person is expected to conform himself to the system rather than the other way around. Although there is a legitimate need to design a “best for most” way of going about things, even in medical care, our call as Christians means that we cannot stop there. We must, if we really believe in the dignity of the other, find ways to bring everyone into the ambit of care. It’s a lofty goal, and chances are we won’t achieve it entirely—but there’s plenty of room to try. And try we must. Transitioning from face-to-face interactions to virtual ones has shown how many people are left behind by “cyber-society.” ","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"87 4","pages":"374-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920947497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38525609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Data-Sharing for AI: Ethical Challenges, Catholic Solutions.","authors":"Jean Baric-Parker,&nbsp;Emily E Anderson","doi":"10.1177/0024363920922690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920922690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent news of Catholic and secular healthcare systems sharing electronic health record (EHR) data with technology companies for the purposes of developing artificial intelligence (AI) applications has drawn attention to the ethical and social challenges of such collaborations, including threats to patient privacy and confidentiality, undermining of patient consent, and lack of corporate transparency. Although the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops' <i>Ethical and Religious Directives for Health Care Services</i> (<i>ERDs</i>) address collaborations between US Catholic healthcare providers and other entities, the <i>ERDs</i> do not adequately address the novel concerns seen in EHR data-sharing for AI development. Neither does the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rule. This article describes ethical and social problems observed in recent patient data-sharing collaborations with AI companies and analyzes them in light of the guiding principles of the <i>ERDs</i> as well as the 2020 <i>Rome Call to AI Ethics</i> (<i>RCAIE</i>) document recently released by the Vatican. While both the <i>ERDs</i> and <i>RCAIE</i> guiding principles can inform future collaborations, we suggest that the next revision of the <i>ERDs</i> should consider addressing data-sharing and AI more directly.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Electronic health record data-sharing with artificial intelligence developers presents unique ethical and social challenges that can be addressed with updated United States Catholic Conference of Bishops' <i>Ethical and Religious Directives</i> and guidance from the Vatican's 2020 <i>Rome Call to AI Ethics</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"87 4","pages":"471-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920922690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relational Dependence in a Culture of Self-Creation: A Theological Query into the Health of the Medical World.","authors":"John Nepil","doi":"10.1177/0024363920949785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920949785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Half of the medical professionals in the United States are experiencing symptoms of burnout. From the perspective of theological anthropology, this dehumanizing aspect of the field is not reducible to ethical failures, for it is rooted in the radically new worldview known as self-creation. As an implicit denial of Christian understanding of creation, self-creation entails a rejection of relationality and dependence-both proper to the Revelation of Jesus Christ. This article proposes that this lost Christian patrimony is intimately connected to the increasingly unhealthy dependence we place upon modern medicine. Relying on theologian Joseph Ratzinger, we will come to see that a recovery of relational dependence is not only necessary for the salvation of man-but the very health of the medical world at large.</p>","PeriodicalId":505854,"journal":{"name":"The Linacre Quarterly","volume":"87 4","pages":"438-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0024363920949785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}