Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Application of deep learning and radiomics in the prediction of hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage: a fully automated hybrid approach.","authors":"Mengtian Lu, Yaqi Wang, Jiaqiang Tian, Haifeng Feng","doi":"10.4274/dir.2024.222088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2024.222088","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe form of stroke. The timely assessment of early hematoma enlargement and its proper treatment are of great significance in curbing the deterioration and improving the prognosis of patients with ICH. This study aimed to develop an automated hybrid approach to predict hematoma expansion in ICH.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The transfer learning method was applied to build a hybrid model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the expansion of hematoma. The model integrated (1) a CNN for automated hematoma segmentation and (2) a CNN-based classifier for hematoma expansion prediction that incorporated both 2-dimensional images and the radiomics features of the 3-dimensional hematoma shape.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The radiomics feature module had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.58, a precision of 0, a recall of 0, and an average precision (AP) of 0.26. The ResNet50 and Inception_v3 modules had AUCs of 0.79 and 0.93, a precision of 0.56 and 0.86, a recall of 0.42 and 0.75, and an AP of 0.51 and 0.85, respectively. Radiomic with Inception_v3 and Radiomic with ResNet50 had AUCs of 0.95 and 0.81, a precision of 0.90 and 0.57, a recall of 0.79 and 0.17, and an AP of 0.87 and 0.69, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000A model using deep learning and radiomics was successfully developed. This model can reliably predict the hematoma expansion of ICH with a fully automated process based on non-contrast computed tomography imaging. Furthermore, the radiomics fusion with the Inception_v3 model had the highest accuracy.","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-contrast abdominal magnetic resonance imaging of critically ill patients using compressed sensing free-breathing golden radial angle imaging.","authors":"Anup S. Shetty, M. Hoegger, Koushik K Das","doi":"10.4274/dir.2024.232646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/dir.2024.232646","url":null,"abstract":"Obtaining diagnostic-quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen in critically ill patients can be difficult due to challenges with breath-holding and the inability to follow technologist instructions. Protocols that harness advances in commercially available MRI techniques provide a potential solution, particularly using the golden radial angle sparse parallel (GRASP) technique for dynamic post-contrast T1-weighted imaging. The GRASP technique uses a combination of free-breathing, a stack-of-stars radial acquisition, and compressed sensing reconstruction acquired over several minutes to produce motion-free images at time points defined by the user; these include the non-contrast, arterial, venous, and delayed images, which are typical of abdominal MRI protocols. The three cases discussed herein illustrate the use of this technique in providing both exquisite image quality and diagnostic value in the care of critically ill patients with hepatopancreaticobiliary diseases. Our work aims to raise awareness of this technique and its utility in imaging patients who cannot hold their breath for dynamic T1-weighted post-contrast imaging.","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":"54 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image-guided embolization of arteriovenous malformations of the hand using Ethylene-vinyl Alcohol Copolymer.","authors":"Vanessa F Schmidt,&nbsp;Max Masthoff,&nbsp;Constantin Goldann,&nbsp;Denis Ehrl,&nbsp;Sinan Deniz,&nbsp;Osman Öcal,&nbsp;Max Seidensticker,&nbsp;Jens Ricke,&nbsp;Michael Köhler,&nbsp;Richard Brill,&nbsp;Walter A Wohlgemuth,&nbsp;Moritz Wildgruber","doi":"10.5152/dir.2022.21644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2022.21644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the safety and outcome of image-guided embolization for treating arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the hand using ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH). METHODS A retrospective, multicenter cohort of 15 patients with AVMs of the hand treated with 35 imageguided embolotherapies using EVOH was investigated. Clinical history, symptomatology, and imaging findings were assessed to evaluate clinical outcome (symptom-free, partial relief of pain, no improvement of pain, and clinical progression despite embolization), lesion devascularization (total, 100%; near-total, 90%-99%; substantial, 70%-90%; partial, 30%-70%; and failure, 0%-30%), and peri- and postprocedural complication rates (major complications classified according to CIRSE guidelines). Substratification analysis was performed with respect to the involvement of different anatomical compartments and the injected volume of the embolic agent. RESULTS Patients were treated for pain (93.3%), skin ulceration (46.7%), and local bleeding (33.3%). The mean number of embolotherapies was 2.3 (±1.1) in 3 patients, a planned surgical resection was conducted after embolization. Clinical outcome after a median follow-up of 18 months revealed an overall response of 11/15 patients (73.3%). Imaging at last follow-up revealed 70%- 99% reduced vascularization in 12/15 patients (80%) including 2 patients (13.3%) with a neartotal devascularization of 90%-99%. Peri- and postprocedural complications occurred in 8.5% and 31.5%, respectively, including 17.1% major complications, in 1 case requiring a previously unplanned resection. Involvement of the finger was associated with increased rates of persistent symptoms compared to the other groups (P=.049). No significant difference between the embolic agent volume injected and complication rates was found (P=.372). CONCLUSION Image-guided embolization using EVOH-based liquid embolic agents is effective for treating AVMs of the hand in the mid-term.</p>","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"486-494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/43/dir-28-5-486.PMC9682556.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33499117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of splenic artery embolization for intractable ascites using Amplatzer vascular plug versus coil after living donor liver transplantation.","authors":"Chih-Ying Lee,&nbsp;Wei-Xiong Lim,&nbsp;Chao-Long Chen,&nbsp;Chee-Chien Yong,&nbsp;Chun-Yen Yu,&nbsp;Leo Leung-Chit Tsang,&nbsp;Hsien-Wen Hsu,&nbsp;Yu-Fan Cheng,&nbsp;Hsin-You Ou","doi":"10.5152/dir.2022.21027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2022.21027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE Intractable ascites (IA) is an uncommon but challenging complication after liver transplantation. Splenic artery embolization (SAE) modulates the splenic artery and regulates portal flow. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SAE using the Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) versus coil embolization for post-living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) IA. METHODS This retrospective study evaluated consecutive patients from 1 center who received LDLT (n=1410) between March 2006 and August 2019. The inclusion criteria for SAE were splenomegaly with IA after LDLT. RESULTS Totally 15 patients underwent SAE for post-LDLT IA. Eleven patients who received AVP embolization (age, 51.2 ± 15.1 years; range, 8-63 years; 5 men and 6 women) were compared with 4 patients receiving coil embolization (age, 30.8 ± 30.8 years; range, 1.5-63 years; 2 men and 2 women). AVP and coil embolization both significantly reduced portal vein hyperflow (plug/ coil; P <.001/.006) and decreased ascites volume (plug/coil; P <.003/.042). The benefits of AVP embolization included shorter procedure time (P =.029), significantly reduced splenic volume (P =.012), increased liver volume (P =.012), decreased spleen/liver ratio (P =.012), and improvement of pancytopenia (P =.008) due to secondary hypersplenism. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the length of hospital stay or complications such as splenic infarction, pancreatitis, or sepsis. CONCLUSION SAE using AVP and coil embolization provide effective and safe methods for managing patients with IA after LDLT. AVP embolization may be more efficient than coil embolization, providing more effective reduction of ascites volume and the advantages of shortened procedure time and improvement of hypersplenism.</p>","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"478-485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/11/dir-28-5-478.PMC9682605.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33499116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic role of iodine values for gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a strong independent prognostic factor.","authors":"Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Junfa Chen,&nbsp;Fei Yuan,&nbsp;Benyan Zhang,&nbsp;Bei Ding,&nbsp;Huan Zhang","doi":"10.5152/dir.2022.201007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2022.201007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE We aimed to systematically explore the value of iodine values calculated from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) as potential prognostic factors for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS Eighty-five LAGC patients were examined using DECT before and after NAC and were divided into responders and non-responders based on the tumor regression grade (TRG). The iodine values, including portal- and delayed-phase iodine uptake (IU-p and IU-d, mg/ml) and total iodine uptake (TIU-p and TIU-d, mg) were acquired. Correlations between the reduction ratios of iodine values and TRG were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of parameters for differentiating responders from non-responders was calculated. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. RESULTS The reduction ratios of total iodine uptake (%△TIU-p and %△TIU-d) were significantly correlated with TRG (p < 0.001). The ypN stage, %△TIU-p and %△TIU-d were significant factors influencing PFS (p < 0.050). A value of %△TIU-d≤62.19% was associated with negative prognosis [relative risk (RR):2.103; P = 0.021], as was ypN stage (RR:4.250; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Iodine values (especially the TIU) are noninvasive quantitative parameters that are potentially helpful for evaluating the treatment response and survival prognosis of LAGC after NAC. %△TIU-d represents a strong independent prognostic factor, increasing preoperative risk assessment performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"388-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3b/99/dir-28-5-388.PMC9682597.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis for predicting neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response in patients with rectal cancer.","authors":"Andelib Babatürk,&nbsp;Ayşe Erden,&nbsp;İbrahim Ethem Geçim","doi":"10.5152/dir.2022.201112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2022.201112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histograms in predicting chemoradiotherapy (CRT) response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). METHODS A total of 51 patients who underwent surgery in our institution for rectal cancer following neoadjuvant CRT between November 2013 and July 2019 were enrolled. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) and diffusion-weighted images obtained before and after CRT were evaluated retrospectively. All tumor-containing regions of interests were drawn in 3 selected axial images, and special software for histogram analysis was used to evaluate ADC distribution. ADC cutoff values from post-CRT ADC histogram were calculated from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for evaluating CRT response. RESULTS In histopathological analysis, 5 patients (9.8%) had minimal response (group 1), 31 patients (60.8%) had partial response (group 2), and 15 patients (29.4%) had complete or almost complete response (group 3). In the ADC histogram, minimum, maximum, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentile, mean ADC values, and skewness values of groups 2 and 3 showed significant changes before and after CRT, but no difference was found within group 1 values. The mean, 25th, 50th, 75th percent ADC values after CRT and skewness, and kurtosis values were significantly different between group 1 and group 3. Skewness value from the ADC histogram in postCRT magnetic resonance imaging had the best diagnostic performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.851 (P =.003) for detecting group 3. The skewness cutoff calculated from the ROC analysis was 0.210 for evaluating CRT response. The sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off value were 100% and 61.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION The ADC histogram analysis seems to have potential application in predicting response to neoadjuvant CRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/35/dir-28-5-403.PMC9682593.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40436438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balloon-occluded middle adrenal artery embolization and percutaneous microwave ablation of a metastatic adrenal tumor from renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Steven D Kao,&nbsp;Siddharth A Padia,&nbsp;John M Moriarty,&nbsp;Ravi N Srinivasa","doi":"10.5152/dir.2022.21055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2022.21055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal cell carcinomas present with locally advanced or metastatic disease in 25% of patients. Thermal ablation may be considered in selected patients with single-site or oligometastatic disease in selected patients. We describe single-session transarterial particle embolization with the assistance of a balloon-occlusion catheter and microwave ablation of a large hypervascular adrenal metastasis using cone beam CT and fluoroscopic XperGuide needle guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"495-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d9/71/dir-28-5-495.PMC9682600.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33499118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denoising using deep-learning-based reconstruction for whole-heart coronary MRA with sub-millimeter isotropic resolution at 3 T: a volunteer study.","authors":"Toshiya Kariyasu,&nbsp;Haruhiko Machida,&nbsp;Sanae Takahashi,&nbsp;Keita Fukushima,&nbsp;Tatsuya Yoshioka,&nbsp;Kenichi Yokoyama","doi":"10.5152/dir.2022.21291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2022.21291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of denoising deep-learning-based reconstruction (dDLR) to improve image quality and vessel delineation in noncontrast 3-T wholeheart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (WHCMRA) with sub-millimeter isotropic resolution (Sub-mm) compared with a standard resolution without dDLR (Standard). METHODS For 10 healthy volunteers, we acquired the WHCMRA with Sub-mm with and without dDLR and Standard to quantify signal- (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and vessel edge signal response (VESR) in all the 3 image types. Two independent readers subjectively graded vessel sharpness and signal homogeneity of 8 coronary segments in each patient. We used Kruskal- Wallis test with Bonferroni correction to compare SNR, CNR, VESR, and the subjective evaluation scores among the 3 image types and weighted kappa test to evaluate inter-reader agreement on the scores. RESULTS SNR was significantly higher with Sub-mm with dDLR (P < .001) and Standard (P=.005) than with Sub-mm without dDLR and was comparable between Sub-mm with dDLR and Standard (P=.511). CNR was significantly higher with Sub-mm with dDLR (P < .001) and Standard (P=.005) than with Sub-mm without dDLR and was comparable between Sub-mm with dDLR and Standard (P=.560). VESR was significantly greater with Sub-mm with (P=.001) and without dDLR (P=.017) than with Standard and was comparable between Sub-mm with and without dDLR (P=1.000). In the proximal, middle, distal, and all the coronary segments, the subjective vessel sharpness was significantly better with Sub-mm with dDLR than Sub-mm without dDLR and Standard (P < .001, for all) and was comparable between Sub-mm without dDLR and Standard (P > .05); the subjective signal homogeneity was significantly improved from Sub-mm without dDLR to Standard to Sub-mm with dDLR (P < .001). The inter-reader agreement was excellent (kappa=0.84). CONCLUSION Application of dDLR is useful for improving image quality and vessel delineation in the WHCMRA with Sub-mm compared with Standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"470-477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b5/60/dir-28-5-470.PMC9682594.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of adjacent vessel sign in malignant breast tumors.","authors":"Ezra Çetinkaya,&nbsp;Şeyma Yıldız,&nbsp;Hafize Otçu,&nbsp;Rasul Sharifov,&nbsp;Fatma Çelik Yabul,&nbsp;Alpay Alkan","doi":"10.5152/dir.2022.211228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2022.211228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic quality of adjacent vessel sign (AVS) in malignant breast tumors by comparing it with classical prognostic pathological biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. METHODS A total of 124 patients with 133 malignant lesions were included. All the imaging was performed on a 1.5T Avanto scanner and the images were interpreted according to BI-RADS-MR® (fifth ed.) atlas. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images were constructed from subtracted post-contrast images and were used to investigate AVS. Histopathological results and MRI findings were compared with AVS. RESULTS Interobserver agreement about AVS status was substantial (κ=0.64). AVS positive lesions were significantly bigger in size (P < .001, AVS negative: median 12 mm, AVS positive: median 31 mm). AVS was significantly associated with increased Ki-67 index and axillary lymph node metastasis (P=.009 and P=.019, respectively). Between AVS and lymphovascular invasion (LVI), there was a trend toward positive relationship (P=.076). MRI findings of T2 hypointensity, peritumoral edema, irregular shape, non-homogeneous contrast enhancement, rapid early contrast enhancement, and skin infiltration showed significant positive relation with AVS (P < .001, P < .001, P < .001, P=.02, P=.021, and P=.021, respectively). AVS is found to be associated with increased Ki-67 index, axillary lymph node metastasis, and some MRI findings that point to malignancy or poor prognosis. CONCLUSION AVS indicates poor prognosis since it is related to axillary lymph node metastasis, increased Ki-67 index, LVI, peritumoral edema, rapid early contrast enhancement, increased background enhancement, skin extension, T2 hypointensity, non-homogeneous contrast enhancement, irregular lesion shape, and larger tumor size. AVS is an easy to use sign that shows substantial interobserver agreement.</p>","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"463-469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/08/dir-28-5-463.PMC9682586.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key concepts, common pitfalls, and best practices in artificial intelligence and machine learning: focus on radiomics.","authors":"Burak Koçak","doi":"10.5152/dir.2022.211297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2022.211297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly used in radiology research to deal with large and complex imaging data sets. Nowadays, ML tools have become easily accessible to anyone. Such a low threshold to accessibility might lead to inappropriate usage and misinterpretation, without a clear intention. Therefore, ensuring methodological rigor is of paramount importance. Getting closer to the real-world clinical implementation of AI, a basic understanding of the main concepts should be a must for every radiology professional. In this respect, simplified explanations of the key concepts along with pitfalls and recommendations would be helpful for general radiology community to develop and improve their AI mindset. In this work, twenty-two key issues are reviewed within three categories: pre-modeling, modeling, and post-modeling. Firstly, the concept is shortly defined for each issue. Then, related common pitfalls and best practices are provided. Specifically, the issues included in this paper were validity of scientific question, unrepresentative samples, sample size, missing data, quality of reference standard, batch effect, reliability of features, feature scaling, multi-collinearity, class imbalance, data and target leakage, high-dimensional data, optimization, overfitting, generalization, performance metrics, clinical utility, comparison with conventional statistical and clinical methods, interpretability and explainability, randomness, transparent reporting, and sharing data.</p>","PeriodicalId":50582,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"450-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/8e/dir-28-5-450.PMC9682557.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33498563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}