Differentiation最新文献

{"title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibroblast growth factor 21<span><span> (FGF21) belongs to the FGF19 subfamily and acts systemically, playing a key role in inter-organ crosstalk. Ranging from metabolism, reproduction, and immunity, FGF21 is a pleiotropic hormone which contributes to various </span>physiological processes<span>. Although most of its production across species stems from hepatic tissues, expression of FGF21 in mice has also been identified in adipose tissue, thymus, heart, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Elevated FGF21 levels are affiliated with various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, preeclampsia, as well as cancer. Murine knockout models are viable and show modest weight gain, while overexpression and gain-of-function models display resistance to weight gain, altered bone volume, and enhanced immunity. In addition, FGF21-based therapies are at the forefront of biopharmaceutical strategies aimed at treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 100793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGF18","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>FGF18</em> was discovered in 1998. It is a pleiotropic growth factor that stimulates major signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation and growth, and is involved in the development and homeostasis of many tissues such as bone, lung, and central nervous system. The gene consists of five exons that code for a 207 amino acid glycosylated protein. <em>FGF18</em> is widely expressed in developing and adult chickens, mice, and humans, being seen in the mesenchyme, brain, skeleton, heart, and lungs. Knockout studies of <em>FGF18</em> in mice lead to perinatal death, characterised by distinct phenotypes such as cleft palate, smaller body size, curved long bones, deformed ribs, and reduced crania. As can be expected from a protein involved in so many functions <em>FGF18</em> is associated with various diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and most notably various types of cancer such as breast, lung, and ovarian cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301468123000749/pdfft?md5=1acdf26f625714a9092eebc66a86c92d&pid=1-s2.0-S0301468123000749-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135510249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primer on fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF 7)","authors":"Yangxi Zheng ,&nbsp;Wei-Hsin Liu ,&nbsp;Boxuan Yang ,&nbsp;Irit Milman Krentsis","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), also known as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), is an important member of the FGF family that is mainly expressed by cells of mesenchymal origin while affecting specifically epithelial cells. Thus, FGF7 is widely expressed in diverse tissues, especially in urinary system, gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract), respiratory system, skin, and reproductive system. By interacting specifically with FGFR2-IIIb, FGF7 activates several downstream signal pathways, including Ras, PI3K-Akt, and PLCs. Previous studies of FGF7 mutants also have implicated its roles in various biological processes including development of essential organs and tissue homeostasis in adults. Moreover, more publications have reported that FGF7 and/or FGF7/FGFR2-IIIb-associated signaling pathway are involved in the progression of various heritable or acquired human diseases: heritable conditions like autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NS CLP), where it promotes cyst formation and affects craniofacial development, respectively; acquired non-malignant diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), mucositis, osteoarticular disorders, and metabolic diseases, where it influences inflammation, repair, and metabolic control; and tumorigenesis and malignant diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer, where it enhances cell proliferation, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance. Targeting FGF7 pathways holds therapeutic potential for managing these conditions, underscoring the need for further research to explore its clinical applications. Having more insights into the function and underlying molecular mechanisms of FGF7 is warranted to facilitate the development of effective treatments in the future.</p><p>Here, we discuss FGF7 genomic structure, signal pathway, expression pattern during embryonic development and in adult organs and mutants along with phenotypes, as well as associated diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibroblast growth factors-An introduction to our primer series","authors":"Jennifer L. Fish","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100804","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fundamentals of fibroblast growth factor 9","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) was first identified during a screen for factors acting on cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Research over the subsequent two decades has revealed this protein to be a critically important and elegantly regulated growth factor. A hallmark control feature is reciprocal compartmentalization, particularly during development, with epithelium as a dominant source and mesenchyme a prime target. This mesenchyme selectivity is accomplished by the high affinity of FGF9 to the IIIc isoforms of FGFR1, 2, and 3. FGF9 is expressed widely in the embryo, including the developing heart and lungs, and more selectively in the adult, including the CNS and kidneys. Global <em>Fgf9</em>-null mice die shortly after birth due to respiratory failure from hypoplastic lungs. As well, their hearts are dilated and poorly vascularized, the skeleton is small, the intestine is shortened, and male-to-female sex reversal can be found. Conditional <em>Fgf9</em>-null mice have revealed CNS phenotypes, including ataxia and epilepsy. In humans, FGF9 variants have been found to underlie multiple synostoses syndrome 3, a syndrome characterized by multiple joint fusions. Aberrant FGF9 signaling has also been implicated in differences of sex development and cancer, whereas vascular stabilizing effects of FGF9 could benefit chronic diseases. This primer reviews the attributes of this vital growth factor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301468123000701/pdfft?md5=23f4eeadf978eaf63e5001caf117f167&pid=1-s2.0-S0301468123000701-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGF1","authors":"Sahar B. Jamal ,&nbsp;Dorit Hockman","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (Fgf1), also known as acidic FGF (aFGF), is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, ranging from development to disease pathogenesis. It is a single chain polypeptide and is highly expressed in adult brain and kidney tissues. Its expression has been shown to be directed by multiple tissue-specific promoters, which generate transcripts of varying lengths. During development the <em>Fgf1</em> gene is widely expressed, including in the neural tube, heart and lung. Mouse mutants for this gene are normal under standard laboratory conditions. However, when <em>Fgf1</em> mutants are exposed to a high fat diet, an aggressive diabetic phenotype has been reported, along with aberrant adipose tissue expansion. Ongoing research on FGF1 and its signalling pathways holds promise for greater understanding of developmental processes as well as the development of novel therapeutic interventions for diseases including diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301468124000586/pdfft?md5=b5185e6e036ec7666f2f99ad5a6845f6&pid=1-s2.0-S0301468124000586-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primer on FGF3","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Though initially discovered as a proto-oncogene in virally induced mouse mammary tumors, FGF3<span> is primarily active in prenatal stages, where it is found at various sites at specific times. FGF3 is crucial during development, as its roles include tail formation, inner ear development and hindbrain induction and patterning. FGF3 expression and function are highly conserved in vertebrates, while it also interacts with other FGFs in various developmental processes. Intriguingly, while it is classified as a classical </span></span>paracrine signaling<span> factor, murine FGF3 was uniquely found to also act in an intracrine<span> manner, depending on alternative translation initiation sites. Corresponding with its conserved role in inner ear morphogenesis, mutations in FGF3 in humans are associated with LAMM syndrome, a disorder that include hearing loss and inner ear malformations. While recent studies indicate of some FGF3 presence in post-natal stages, emerging evidences of its upregulation in various human tumors and cariogenic processes in mouse models, highlights the importance of its close regulation in adult tissues. Altogether, the broad and dynamic expression pattern and regulation of FGF3 in embryonic and adult tissues together with its link to congenital malformations and cancer, calls for further discoveries of its diverse roles in health and disease.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprint of: Fibroblast Growth Factor 6","authors":"Jennelle Smith ,&nbsp;Loydie A. Jerome-Majewska","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibroblast Growth Factor 6 (<em>FGF6</em>), also referred to as <em>HST2</em> or <em>HBGF6</em>, is a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), the Heparin Binding Growth Factor (HBGF) and the Heparin Binding Secretory Transforming Gene (HST) families. The genomic and protein structure of FGF6 is highly conserved among varied species, as is its expression in muscle and muscle progenitor cells. Like other members of the FGF family, <em>FGF6</em> regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Specifically, it plays key roles in myogenesis and muscular regeneration, angiogenesis, along with iron transport and lipid metabolism. Similar to others from the FGF family, <em>FGF6</em> also possesses oncogenic transforming activity, and as such is implicated in a variety of cancers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 100805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301468124000616/pdfft?md5=dee6892444749fc6445e758bdfdef49e&pid=1-s2.0-S0301468124000616-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibroblast growth factor 2","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Fibroblast Growth Factor 2<span><span> (FGF2), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor, is a potent stimulator of growth and differentiation in multiple tissues. Its discovery traces back over 50 years ago when it was first isolated from bovine pituitary extracts due to its ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Subsequent studies investigating the </span>genomic structure of </span></span><em>FGF2</em><span><span> identified multiple protein isoforms<span>, categorized as the low molecular weight and high molecular weight FGF2. These isoforms arise from alternative translation initiation events and exhibit unique molecular and cellular functions. In this concise review, we aim to provide an overview of what is currently known about the structure, expression, and functions of the FGF2 isoforms within the contexts of development, </span></span>homeostasis, and disease.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lens placode modulates extracellular matrix formation during early eye development","authors":"Cecília G. De Magalhães ,&nbsp;Ales Cvekl ,&nbsp;Ruy G. Jaeger ,&nbsp;C.Y. Irene Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diff.2024.100792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role extracellular matrix (ECM) in multiple events of morphogenesis has been well described, little is known about its specific role in early eye development. One of the first morphogenic events in lens development is placodal thickening, which converts the presumptive lens ectoderm from cuboidal to pseudostratified epithelium. This process occurs in the anterior pre-placodal ectoderm when the optic vesicle approaches the cephalic ectoderm and is regulated by transcription factor Pax6 and secreted BMP4. Since cells and ECM have a dynamic relationship of interdependence and modulation, we hypothesized that the ECM evolves with cell shape changes during lens placode formation. This study investigates changes in optic ECM including both protein distribution deposition, extracellular gelatinase activity and gene expression patterns during early optic development using chicken and mouse models. In particular, the expression of <em>Timp2</em>, a metalloprotease inhibitor, corresponds with a decrease in gelatinase activity within the optic ECM. Furthermore, we demonstrate that optic ECM remodeling depends on BMP signaling in the placode. Together, our findings suggest that the lens placode plays an active role in remodeling the optic ECM during early eye development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50579,"journal":{"name":"Differentiation","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 100792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}