Discovery and Innovation最新文献_第4页

Evaluation of split seeds of Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F. for propagation 西洋飞虱的分裂种子评价。F.繁殖

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-16 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I3.15800

I. Ojeifo, Tw Ajekenrenbiaghan, F. Ikie

{"title":"Evaluation of split seeds of Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F. for propagation","authors":"I. Ojeifo, Tw Ajekenrenbiaghan, F. Ikie","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V19I3.15800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V19I3.15800","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment to determine the possible limits of sectioning the seeds of Telfairia occidentalis for the regeneration of propagules for propagation was conducted from May to December, 2001. This work also assessed the germination potentials\u0000of the seeds and assessed the growth rate of the seedlings from these sections and their subsequent developments. Whole, half, quartered and one-eighth seeds were nursed in sawdust-filled polythene bags and the seedlings were later transplanted to prepared ridges at 4WAS. The seedlings growth and development were monitored for 27 weeks. There were significant differences in the seedling emergence, vine length, number of leaves and marketable yield between the seed sections. Plant stand did not show any difference. Significant difference was observed between the whole seed and the quartered\u0000and one-eighth seeds in the girth at maturity, but significant difference was not observed between the quartered and one-eighth seeds for the period of observation. This study has indicated significant reduction in seed requirement of Telfairia occidentalis for planting a unit area from 100% for whole seed to 50% for halved seed, 25% for quartered seeds and 12% for 1/8 seeds. A potential marketable yield estimated from the marketable yield, using the value of whole seeds as an index showed that half, quartered and one-eighth seeds had the potential of outyielding whole seeds by values of 86%,\u0000172% and 432%, respectively. Further investigation in improving the growth and development of split seeds was discussed. Keywords : Telfairia occidentalis , fluted pumpkin, split seeds, seed section, propagation. Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (3) 2007: pp. 182-187","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effect of Brief Exposure to Paraquat on Some Blood Parameters of Juvenile Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) under laboratory conditions 实验室条件下短暂暴露于百草枯对加里平Clarias gariepinus幼鱼某些血液参数的影响(Burchell, 1822)

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-16 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I3.15796

U. Gabriel, G. Ezeri, P. M. Ikeme, E. E. Ikwut

{"title":"Effect of Brief Exposure to Paraquat on Some Blood Parameters of Juvenile Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) under laboratory conditions","authors":"U. Gabriel, G. Ezeri, P. M. Ikeme, E. E. Ikwut","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V19I3.15796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V19I3.15796","url":null,"abstract":"Clarias gariepinus (mean weight, 100.34 ± 8.13g SD; mean total length, 19.02 ± 4.32 cm SD) were exposed (four fish/tank) to 0, 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 mgl-1 paraquat solution in triplicate in rectangular glass aquaria (60.9 x 30.4 x 30.4 cm3) under a static\u0000condition for 72 hours to determine the effect of exposure on the haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), red blood cells (RBC) and its indices (mean corpuscular hacmoglobin, MCH; mean corpuscul or hacmoglobin concentration, MCHC and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)), differential counts (neutrophils, monocytes,\u0000lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils) and leucocrit. There were no significant differences between the Hb, Ht, RBC, ESR, lymphocytes, monocytes and MCV of exposed fish and the control (p>0.05). However, there was a gradual increase in the values of Hb with increase in the concentration of the herbicide. The RBC indices MCH and MCHC of fish in the\u0000control significantly differed from that of fish exposed to 2.50, and 1.25 mgl-1, and 2.50 mgl-1 paraquat (p Keywords : Clarias gariepinus , blood parameters, paraquat, laboratory conditions. Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (3) 2007: pp. 163-167","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an Aqueous Palm Oil Extraction System 棕榈油水萃取系统的研制

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-16 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I3.15803

O. Owolarafe, L. Sanni, Wa Olosunde, O. Fadeyi, O. O. Ajibola

{"title":"Development of an Aqueous Palm Oil Extraction System","authors":"O. Owolarafe, L. Sanni, Wa Olosunde, O. Fadeyi, O. O. Ajibola","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V19I3.15803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V19I3.15803","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous attempts have been made to re-examine the aqueous extraction of palm oil (through pit technology) and device a means of improving the technology particularly for the small-scale processors. A novel aqueous batch extraction system was developed and was subsequently evaluated for its performance in palm oil processing. The crude oil produced from the traditional pit technology and aqueous batch extraction system were compared and evaluated using a 23 factorial experimental design. The factors considered were fruit sterilization time, variety of fruit and processing technology. The crude oil produced at different factor levels was assessed for its solid impurities, moisture content and oil content. The result indicates that the crude oil yield from batch extraction system are higher with values of 30.4%, 30.9%, 42.0% and 43.2% compared with pit technology method with 26.8%, 27.7%, 38.6% and 39.6% respectively. The throughput of the batch extraction system (120kg of mash/ h) was found to be higher than pit technology that could take only 65kg of mash / h. Keywords : palm oil, aqueous-extraction, traditional-method, mechanical system, efficiency Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (3) 2007: pp. 202-207","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A comparative study of the economic performance of farmers under large scale and motorized pump irrigation systems in Katsina State of Nigeria 尼日利亚卡齐纳州大规模和机动泵灌溉系统下农民经济效益的比较研究

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-16 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I4.15804

T. Alimi

{"title":"A comparative study of the economic performance of farmers under large scale and motorized pump irrigation systems in Katsina State of Nigeria","authors":"T. Alimi","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V19I4.15804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V19I4.15804","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the better irrigation method between large scale and motorised pump to recommend to farmers in Katsina state of Nigeria. The target populations were Farmers Under Large Scale (FULS) and Farmers Using Motorised\u0000Pumps (FUMP) and were compared along their socio-economic characteristics, farm sizes, crop yields, costs and revenues of farming. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics; budgetary and regression techniques. Results indicated that the FUMP were older, had larger family size and less literate. The FULS had better access to inputs\u0000through government assistance, operated larger farm size and obtained larger mean yield. The higher output obtained by FULS was significant. Crop farming under the two systems was profitable but more profitable under FULS. As such, based on the present prevailing conditions, FULS would be recommended. In order to increase revenue (output) in irrigated\u0000farming, young individuals should be attracted, literacy encouraged and levels of fertilizers and loans increased. However, results indicated that FUMP were poorer in the socio-economic characteristics that influence output which, if improved, could make FUMP comparable to FULS Keywords : Irrigation, large scale, motorized pump, profitability, significance Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (4) 2007: pp. 244-253","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Transition from Brittle Failure to Ductile Flow in a Sandy Soil 砂土脆性破坏向韧性流动的转变

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-13 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15795

A. Gitau, L. Gumbe

{"title":"Transition from Brittle Failure to Ductile Flow in a Sandy Soil","authors":"A. Gitau, L. Gumbe","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15795","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments were carried out using a triaxial system modified for unsaturated soil testing to investigate brittle transitional and ductile failure behaviour of a sandy clay loam soil under varying soil water and effective confining stress levels. Mechanical properties and deviatoric stress-strain relationships of the soil were also established. The specimens were prepared under laboratory conditions where the inter-particle cementation bonds were allowed to form to their natural state. An unsaturated soil mechanics approach was used to define critical state relations for the soil. All specimens\u0000attained a critical state under continuous shearing. The results demonstrate that brittle/ductile behaviour of unsaturated soils and their tendency to dilate/compact at failure are both controlled by soil water and confining stress levels. An exponential model used to fit the deviatoric stress-axial strain test data accurately predicted the trends. Soil water\u0000significantly influenced the shear strength and internal angle of friction ( ') and hence the mechanical behaviour of the sandy soil. The regression equations developed showed that ' have quadratic relationships with soil water with an asymptotic surface (transitional stage). Hence, in civil works or soil tillage the transitional range (w.c. 5 - 9% d.b.) could be\u0000taken as a useful guide towards understanding soil behaviour upon loading Keywords : Triaxial testing, critical state, brittle failure, transitional, ductile flow, effective confining stress, soil water Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 140-146","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Analysis of Geographic Variation among Sixteen African Provenances of Faidherbia albida using PCRBased ITS And RAPD Techniques 利用基于pcr的ITS和RAPD技术分析16个非洲花木种源的地理变异

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-13 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15791

O. Dangasuk, P. Odago, B. Were, S. Gudu

引用次数: 2

Suitability of Pistia stratiotes Linn. and Spirodela polyrrhiza Trev. for the Removal of Pollutants in Oil Polluted Water Bodies 层状雌鱼的适宜性。和多根螺旋体。用于石油污染水体中污染物的去除

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-13 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15790

O. Agbogidi, J. Bamidele

引用次数: 7

Comparative evaluation of some crop yield prediction models using tropical cowpea yield-weather data 几种利用热带豇豆产量-天气数据的作物产量预测模型的比较评价

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-13 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15788

K. O. Adekalu, D. A. Okunade

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of some crop yield prediction models using tropical cowpea yield-weather data","authors":"K. O. Adekalu, D. A. Okunade","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15788","url":null,"abstract":"A computer program was adopted from the work of Hill et al. (1982) to calibrate and test three of the existing yield prediction models using tropical cowpea yieldÐweather data. The models tested were Hanks Model (first and second versions). Stewart Model (first and second versions) and HallÐButcher Model. Three sets of cowpea yield-water use and weather data were collected. The first one was used for calibration and the other two for validation. The results obtained from the models were compared with field values using correlation coefficient and mean error of deviation. Stewart first model had r-values of 0.93\u0000and 0.74 and mean error of deviation of 0.1 and 0.15. The second model had r-values of 0.92 and 0.86 and mean error of deviation of 0.05 and 0.11. Hanks first model had r-values of 0.94 and 0.89 and average mean error of deviation of 0.03 and 0.10, the second model had r values of 0.93 and .096 and average mean error of deviation of 0.05 and 0.03. The r-values for Hall-Butcher model were 0.76 and 0.96. The mean errors of deviation were 0.14 and 0.03. Generally, Hanks model predicted better than the other models but may still need to be further modified to be able to predict well for tropical conditions. Keywords : Prediction model, yield prediction, yield parameters, Hanks model, Stewart model, Hall Ð Butcher model, cowpea yield, tropical climatic conditions Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 89-95","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Histological Changes in the Kidney of Norwagian Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Fed with Dietary Cadmium 饲粮镉对挪威大鼠肾脏组织的影响

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-13 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15789

P. Tawari-Fufeyin, J. Oronsaye, Ah Oshoma

{"title":"Histological Changes in the Kidney of Norwagian Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Fed with Dietary Cadmium","authors":"P. Tawari-Fufeyin, J. Oronsaye, Ah Oshoma","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15789","url":null,"abstract":"Histological changes in the kidney tissues of albino rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) fed 100mg/kg body weight of cadmium sulphate incorporated as food material has been studied in vivo in an acute toxicological experiment. The behavioural pattern and physical changes in the rats were also investigated. Loss of weight and increased locomotor activity was observed. Rats were sacrificed the kidneys dissected out and dehydrated in an ethanol series. Sections of tissues were obtained using a microtome, double stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Photographs were taken using a microscope. Histological investigations of the poisoned tissues revealed progressive increase of dark stained metabolites present in the cortex, renal papillae and medulla. The nuclei of the tubular cells showed slight reductions in size and became less prominent as the period of exposure to the poison increased. The glomeruli were observed to have very dark stained appearance, which was suggested to have come about as a result of Cadmium infiltration. There was an observed reduction in the thickness of the capsule of the kidney, which calls for closer attention Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 96-101","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economic reforms and cost efficiency of coffee farmers in central Kenya: a stochastic-translog approach 肯尼亚中部咖啡农的经济改革和成本效率:一种随机跨对数方法

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-02-13 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15793

A. M. Karanja, A. Kuyvenhoven, H. Moll

{"title":"Economic reforms and cost efficiency of coffee farmers in central Kenya: a stochastic-translog approach","authors":"A. M. Karanja, A. Kuyvenhoven, H. Moll","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V19I2.15793","url":null,"abstract":"Work reported in this paper analyses the cost efficiency levels of small-holder coffee farmers in four districts in Central Province, Kenya. The level of efficiency is analysed using a stochastic cost frontier model based on household cross-sectional data collected in 1999 and 2000. The 200 surveyed households were selected through a two-stage\u0000random sampling procedure. A second level, regression analysis, is also undertaken that relates the derived inefficiency index to farm, household, institutional as well as economic factors. Results indicate that the farmers in the region are cost efficient with a mean cost inefficiency level of 8%. There are, however, wide dispersions of the farm-specific\u0000inefficiency levels, which range from 1% to 66% with 90% of the farm households having inefficiencies below 15%. Farm-specific cost inefficiencies are significantly influenced by farm size, amount of farm income and availability of credit. Other household demographic factors such as age, household size and education level as well as institutional and economic factors, such as availability of extension services and off-farm employment did not significantly affect the levels of inefficiency. We, therefore, conclude that small-holder-based agricultural development policy is still relevant and an efficient mode of organising production in Kenya, even after the major institutional and economic changes brought about market liberalisation. The pursuit of small-holder-based agricultural development, however, calls for strategies which can shift the production frontier upwards while emphasising institutional reforms that improve farmers' access to credit. Keywords : efficiency, reforms, small-holder farms, coffee, Kenya Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 122-132","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0