Frontiers in Earth Science最新文献_第2页

Numerical simulation and field study on predicting wind-blown sand accumulation in sand mitigation measures of the Ganquan railway 甘泉铁路风沙缓解措施中预测风吹沙堆积的数值模拟和实地研究

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1443030

Shiguang Huang, Tao Ma, Fuqiang Jiang, Fei Nie, Xuedong Wang, Tiantian Ma

{"title":"Numerical simulation and field study on predicting wind-blown sand accumulation in sand mitigation measures of the Ganquan railway","authors":"Shiguang Huang, Tao Ma, Fuqiang Jiang, Fei Nie, Xuedong Wang, Tiantian Ma","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1443030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1443030","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulation of sand induced by wind poses a significant challenge to the safety and maintenance of railways in arid and desert regions. Accurate calculation and prediction of sand accumulation are crucial for ensuring continuous railway operation. This research is centered on the region significantly impacted by sand accumulation along the Ganquan Railway. Wind speed, wind direction, and sand carrying capacity data near this section were monitored. Using the collected wind speed, wind direction, and wind-sand flow density data, numerical simulations were conducted using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to predict the amount of sand accumulation within the sand mitigation measures of the Ganquan Railway. Monitoring results indicate that the dominant wind direction in spring and summer is due west, while in autumn and winter it is southwest, with an average wind speed of 12 m/s. A positive correlation was observed between wind-sand flow density and wind speed. The wind-sand flow density above 2 m was nearly zero, indicating that the wind-sand flow structure is concentrated within 2 m from the ground, with an average wind-sand flow density of 3.50×10−5 kg/m3. Through numerical simulation, the characteristics of the wind field and sand accumulation distribution within the calculation domain were determined. A relationship equation between sand accumulation mass and width over time was derived. Initially, the sand accumulation width increases uniformly and then stabilizes, while the sand accumulation mass rises uniformly to a plateau before in-creasing rapidly. From these findings, the optimal period for sand removal was identified as between 350 and 450 days after the sand mitigation measures are put into operation.","PeriodicalId":505744,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"8 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring sensitive area in the whole pacific for two types of El Niño predictions and their implication for targeted observations 为两种厄尔尼诺预测探索整个太平洋的敏感区域及其对目标观测的影响

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1429003

Qianqian Qi, Wansuo Duan, Xia Liu, Hui Xu

{"title":"Exploring sensitive area in the whole pacific for two types of El Niño predictions and their implication for targeted observations","authors":"Qianqian Qi, Wansuo Duan, Xia Liu, Hui Xu","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1429003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1429003","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the initial errors in the whole Pacific that are most likely to affect the predictions of two types of El Niño events, the sensitive area of ocean temperature in the whole Pacific for El Niño prediction starting from January is identified by using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamic Laboratory CM2P1, a fully coupled global climate model. The error growth analysis and the numerical experiments illustrated that, the initial ocean temperature in the Victoria mode (VM) region in the North Pacific will affect the intensity predictions of the CP-El Niño while that in the subsurface layer of the west equatorial Pacific and the surface layer of southeast Pacific will modulate the spatial structure predictions of CP-El Niño. But for EP-El Niño, the former plus the surface layer of the equatorial central eastern pacific will modulate the spatial structure predictions of the event while the latter is shown to be more effective in predictions of the intensity of the event. Furthermore, if targeted observations are conducted in the sensitive area of the whole Pacific, the El Niño prediction skills, including intensity and spatial structure predictions, could be greatly improved for both EP- and CP-El Niño events. Neither the sensitive area of subtropical Pacific nor the tropical Pacific can be precluded as accurate indicators when forecasting particular flavors and the intensity of El Niño events.","PeriodicalId":505744,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"78 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geographical factor dominates spatial patterns of potential nitrate reduction rates in coastal wetland sediments in Fujian Province, China 地理因素主导中国福建省沿海湿地沉积物潜在硝酸盐还原率的空间模式

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1399200

Ning Zhang, Zetao Dai, Feifei Wang, Shengchang Yang, Wenzhi Cao

{"title":"Geographical factor dominates spatial patterns of potential nitrate reduction rates in coastal wetland sediments in Fujian Province, China","authors":"Ning Zhang, Zetao Dai, Feifei Wang, Shengchang Yang, Wenzhi Cao","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1399200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1399200","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate (NO3−) reduction is a key process governing the nitrogen (N) dynamics of coastal wetland sediments. Although the effects of environmental factors on the NO3− reduction mechanism in coastal wetland sediments have been examined in various studies, the effects of spatial variation in potential NO3− reduction processes in coastal wetland sediments and the factors driving geographical variation in these processes have not been widely examined. Here, we conducted research on surface sediment samples from four different vegetation types at six coastal wetland sites across two regions. We characterized potential rates of NO3− reduction processes (including denitrification (DF), anammox (ANA), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA)) using a15N tracer method. Additionally, we assessed the abundances of functional genes, and microbial community structure using high-throughput sequencing, and metagenomic sequencing. In six wetland sites, the contribution ranges of DF, ANA, and DNRA to NO3− reduction were 38.43%–55.69%, 31.33%–45.65%, and 5.26%–17.11%, respectively, and potential NO3− reduction was mainly driven by N removal via gaseous N (DF+ANA). Significant spatial differences were observed in the structure of bacterial and fungal microbial communities, suggesting that geographical distance has a major effect on microbial community structure. Environmental factors and Functional gene abundances were significantly related to potential NO3− reduction processes, and physicochemical properties had a stronger effect on potential NO3− reduction processes than gene abundances. Factors showing significant differences across regions were the main drivers of variation in potential NO3− reduction processes. Overall, our study showed that sediment substrates and geographical environmental factors rather than the abundance of functional genes and vegetation types were the main indicators of potential NO3− reduction activities in coastal wetlands.","PeriodicalId":505744,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of dominant tree species based on Resource-1 02D hyperspectral image data 根据 Resource-1 02D 高光谱图像数据识别主要树种

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1418865

Jingchun Zhou, Zhanyong Feng, Yiping Li, Jinliang Wang, Xiangrui Meng, Yuan Liu, Shaobo Qiu

{"title":"Identification of dominant tree species based on Resource-1 02D hyperspectral image data","authors":"Jingchun Zhou, Zhanyong Feng, Yiping Li, Jinliang Wang, Xiangrui Meng, Yuan Liu, Shaobo Qiu","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1418865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1418865","url":null,"abstract":"Fine-grained classification of tree species by using high-spectral image data has garnered considerable attention from scholars. In this study, through field measurements from Maguan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, high-spectral image data from the Chinese Resource-1 02D satellite were used as the data source. Various analyses were conducted on the original image’s spectral curve, the spectral curve after envelope removal, the spectral curve after first-order differential transformation, and the spectral curve after second-order differential transformation. A spectral angle mapping classification method was employed to classify and identify four dominant tree species in Maguan County, and the accuracy of the classification results was validated using a confusion matrix. Results indicate that the highest accuracy in tree species classification was achieved when first-order differential transformation and envelope removal were used for the spectral curve; the overall accuracy exceeded 95%, and the kappa value was approximately 0.95. The classification results for the spectral curve after second-order differential transformation were the lowest, with an overall accuracy of 81.69% and a kappa value of 0.76. This research demonstrates that applying first-order differential transformation or envelope removal in combination with spectral angle mapping classification considerably reduces data processing time and improves tree species classification accuracy.","PeriodicalId":505744,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"5 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new method for inspection and detection of typical defects of protective facilities in existing railways and its application 检查和检测既有铁路防护设施典型缺陷的新方法及其应用

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1416233

Jian Li, Xu Gao, Huayong Lv, Hongze Guo, Zonghao Wang, Zhanbo Cheng

{"title":"A new method for inspection and detection of typical defects of protective facilities in existing railways and its application","authors":"Jian Li, Xu Gao, Huayong Lv, Hongze Guo, Zonghao Wang, Zhanbo Cheng","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1416233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1416233","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the frequent occurrence of defects of slope protection facilities on existing lines causing the potential major geological hazards (e.g., landslides), it is necessary to promote the inspection and detection efficiency of various defects of slope protection facilities for carrying out early warning and evaluation, as well as, putting forward relevant control measures for slope disasters. Based on the case studies of hundreds of protective facilities on the existing railway line, the typical defect types, characteristics and specific causes of retaining wall, slope protection, anti-slide pile and anchorage engineering structure are firstly determined. Subsequently, a new comprehensive method combining unmanned air vehicle (UAV) and intelligent detection of portable radar (IDPR) are proposed. Among of them, UAV can effective and efficient identify the defect situations of slope protection facilities, and the water accumulation and cracks of retaining wall through performing a periodic inspection of the surrounding environment of protective facilities. In addition, IDPR can detect the filling situations behind the protective facilities to prevent the collapse danger. Through comparison with the drilling core results of tested areas, it is found that the detection results of the IDPR are more reliable and accurate, which is worthy of popularization and application in the field.","PeriodicalId":505744,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"10 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empirical relationships between Arias Intensity and peak ground acceleration for western China 中国西部阿里亚斯强度与峰值地面加速度之间的经验关系

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1434194

Jia Mei Liu, Bin Zhang, Xuan Zhao

{"title":"Empirical relationships between Arias Intensity and peak ground acceleration for western China","authors":"Jia Mei Liu, Bin Zhang, Xuan Zhao","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1434194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1434194","url":null,"abstract":"There is little available attenuation relationship for Arias Intensity (AI) in China. Empirical relationships between AI and peak ground acceleration (PGA) provide another option for predicting AI. We establish empirical relationships for AI and PGA for western China, utilizing 3,169 horizontal and 979 vertical strong motion records with PGA ≥0.01 g from 274 earthquakes (MS 4.0–8.0), originating in eight provinces in southwest (Yunnan, Sichuan) and northwest China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang). The influences of MS epicenter distance, and site conditions indicators VS30, generic site classes (i.e., rock and soil) are explored. The results show that the logarithm of AI increases linearly with the increase of the logarithm of PGA and MS, and decreases with the logarithm of VS30. However, the influence of site conditions on AI-PAG relationships can't be recognized by the simple generic rock and soil site classes. The epicenter distance has little effect on the AI-PAG relationships. Empirical relationships are developed to estimate horizontal or vertical AI as a function of PGA (basic model), PGA and MS (model 2) for southwest, northwest, and western China, using all the records. Empirical relationships for AI as a function of PGA, MS, and VS30 (model 1) are established using the 2,248 horizontal (70.9% of the total) and 670 vertical (68.4% of the total) records with VS30 between 148 and 841m/s. The notable disparity between model 1 of the southwest and northwest regions is chiefly attributed to local site conditions, indicating that the AI-PGA correlation is region-dependent. These findings enable one way of estimating AI for western China and will contribute to a better understanding of AI attenuation.","PeriodicalId":505744,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"24 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-fractal characteristics of pore system in deep organic-rich shales of the Wufeng-Longmaxi formation in the Sichuan Basin and their geological significance 四川盆地五峰-龙马溪地层深部富有机页岩孔隙系统的多分形特征及其地质意义

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1430466

Guogen Xie, Guoliang Xie, Kun Jiao

{"title":"Multi-fractal characteristics of pore system in deep organic-rich shales of the Wufeng-Longmaxi formation in the Sichuan Basin and their geological significance","authors":"Guogen Xie, Guoliang Xie, Kun Jiao","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1430466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1430466","url":null,"abstract":"The heterogeneity of pore system of deep shale reservoir determines the occurrence, enrichment and migration behavior of shale gas within shales. In this study, multi-fractal analysis was applied to analyze CO2 and N2 adsorption data for obtaining multi-fractal parameters including Hurst index and multi-fractal spectrum (D5--D5+) of the deep Wufeng-Longmaxi shales collected from the Sichuan Basin, China, in order to study the connectivity and heterogeneity of micropore pores and meso-macropores as well as their influencing factors. The results showed that pore system of the Wufeng-Longmaxi deep shale exhibits distinct multifractal nature. There exists significant differences in the pore volume (PV) of micropores (<2 nm), mesopore (2–50 nm), and macropore (>50 nm) across different shale lithofacies due to their differences in TOC content and mineral composition. The heterogeneity and connectivity of micropores and meso-macropores within deep shales in the Sichuan Basin are controlled by multiple factors including shale lithofacies, burial depth, and pressure coefficients. Notably, siliceous shale (SL) and calcareous/argillaecous siliceous shale (C/ASL), known as sweet spot for current shale gas exploitation, exhibits characteristics such as relative low micropore connectivity, high micropore heterogeneity, high micropore PV and low meso-macropore connectivity. These suggest that isolated pressure-sealing compartment is easier formed within the overpressured SL and C/ASL. Thus, pressure in these shales is less likely to release during the Yanshanian-Xishanian tectonic uplift process, favoring the preservation of organic matter (OM) pores and residual interparticle pores, which is conducive to the accumulation of deep shale gas dominated by free gas.","PeriodicalId":505744,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"52 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Enabling people-centered risk communication for geohazards 社论：促进以人为本的地质灾害风险交流

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1444551

Alessandro Amato, Sally H. Potter, Anna Scolobig, Eric M. Thompson

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Human upright walking from past to present 社论：从过去到现在的人类直立行走

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1449518

Rita Sorrentino, Nicholas B. Holowka, Kristian J. Carlson

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Towards a better understanding of the correlation between the subsidence pattern and land use type 社论：更好地理解沉降模式与土地利用类型之间的相关性

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1434425

Zheyuan Du, Alex Hay-Man Ng, Linlin Ge

引用次数: 0