Forests最新文献

{"title":"An Index System for the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Forest Ecological Product Value Realization in China","authors":"Xiansheng Xie, Shaozhi Chen, Rong Zhao","doi":"10.3390/f15071236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071236","url":null,"abstract":"Forest Ecological Product Value Realization (FEPVR) is an important way for China to promote the transition and development of forestry and realize common prosperity. It is critical to assess the effectiveness of FEPVR rationally to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the progress of ecological civilization. Based on the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) model, in this study, we developed an evaluation index system for FEPVR effectiveness containing five subsystems and 37 indicators and assessed the effectiveness of FEPVR in China from 2011 to 2022 by using the linear weighted sum method, the coupling degree of coordination model, and Spearman’s correlation analysis. The results showed that the composite index increased from 0.1980 in 2011 to 0.6501 in 2022, with a general upward trend, but there is still great potential for improvement. The main contribution was from the Response subsystem. The year 2017 was an important turning point for FEPVR in China because its development started to speed up; the status of coupling coordination between different subsystems was gradually improving but was still at a low level. The relationship between all indicators was dominated by a non-significant correlation (52.4%), and the overall synergistic effect (27.8%) was greater than the trade-off effect (19.8%). This study provides a new perspective for evaluating the effectiveness of FEPVR and a decision-making reference for clarifying the direction of FEPVR optimization.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and Mechanical Properties of Juvenile Wood of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. fromThinning","authors":"Emilly Soares Gomes Silva, Fabricio Gomes Gonçalves, Pedro Gutemberg Alcântara Segundinho, Cleyton Machado Prata Filho, Y. López, I. L. S. Chaves, Donatian Gustave, Michelângelo Vargas Fassarella, Bruno Esteves","doi":"10.3390/f15071240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071240","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the rotation period through thinning and changing planting spacing can influence the technological properties of wood, with little attention paid to the effects of these variables on the raw material, which limits its processing in the wood sector. This work aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of wood from Anadenanthera peregrina juveniles thinned in three planting spacings (3 m × 3 m, 4 m × 4 m, and 5 m × 5 m). The physical properties in the base-top and pith–shell directions and the mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. The results indicate better technological properties for wood with larger spacings. The physical properties showed decreasing trends in the base-top direction and increasing trends in the pith-bark direction, with a distinct trend in the degree of collapse. The average basic density of the different planting spacings varied between 0.47 g cm−3 and 0.63 g cm−3. The mechanical properties obtained for the 4 m × 4 m spacing were superior to those of the other spacings. Wood from young A. peregrina is an alternative for industrial processing, as wood from higher planting densities is more suitable for purposes that require resistance and rigidity.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution Patterns and Influencing Factors of Dominant Species in Plain Valley Forests of the Irtysh River Basin","authors":"Jihu Song, Zhifang Xue, Bin Yang, Tong Liu, Ye Yuan, Ling Xu, Zidong Zhang","doi":"10.3390/f15071237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071237","url":null,"abstract":"The Irtysh River, which stretches for 633 km, is the second longest river in Xinjiang. The valley forests within its basin are unique forest resources that exhibit crucial ecological functions and form an integral part of China’s “Three North” Shelterbelt Forest Project. However, previous studies mainly focused on individual tributaries or main streams, lacking comprehensive research on the overall river and valley forest resources and their ecological functions. To address this research gap based on comprehensive investigations, this study analyzed the dominant species composition, spatial distribution patterns, and influencing factors of valley forests across various branches of the Irtysh River basin plain. The results revealed the presence of 10 local tree species in the area, with Populus laurifolia, Populus alba, Salix alba, and Betula pendula as the dominant species. However, seedling regeneration was relatively weak. P. laurifolia, P. alba, and S. alba were widely distributed across tributaries and main streams, whereas B. pendula was primarily found in the tributaries. The four dominant species exhibited distinct clustering patterns. The concentration intensity of these dominant species in the main stream of the Irtysh River basin was significantly higher than those in other tributaries, with P. laurifolia showing a lower concentration intensity across the entire basin than the other dominant species. Negative density dependence was the primary biological factor influencing species aggregation intensity, with significant positive effects on P. alba and S. alba and significant negative effects on B. pendula. Among the abiotic factors, elevation had a significant positive effect on the aggregation intensities of P. alba, S. alba, and B. pendula, indicating that these species tend to aggregate more densely at higher elevations. Conversely, slope had a significant negative impact on the aggregation intensities of P. laurifolia, P. alba, and S. alba, suggesting that increasing slope steepness leads to a decrease in the clustering of these species. Similarly, the distance from the river channel had a significant negative effect on the aggregation intensities of S. alba and B. pendula, implying that as the distance from the river increases, the clustering patterns of these species become less pronounced. This study aimed to detail the current state of valley forest resources and their ecological functions, thereby laying a foundation for their effective protection.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"2 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated Mild Summer Drought in Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Provokes Compensation Growth in the Following Year","authors":"K. Mijnsbrugge, Stefaan Moreels, Laura Decorte, Marie Stessens, Eduardo Notivol Paino","doi":"10.3390/f15071234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071234","url":null,"abstract":"Water limitations will pose significant challenges to forest ecosystems across Europe. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential impacts, we investigated the response of the common shrub Crataegus monogyna to two summer droughts, each followed by rewatering. The experimental design consisted of a common garden with potted saplings from a local Belgian (n = 48), a Swedish (n = 47), and a Spanish-Pyrenean provenance (n = 48). We quantified the effects on growth and leaf phenology, focusing on the legacies in the year following the droughts. Responses were influenced by the severity of the drought and by its timing. Most strikingly, height increment was enhanced by 24% (p = 0.046) in comparison to the controls in the year following the droughts in the group of plants that endured the two drought treatments, each time without developing visible stress symptoms. Only one such mild drought, whether early or late summer, did not lead to this response, suggesting stress memory acting as a growth promoter. A late summer drought that resulted in visible drought symptoms led to a reduced diameter increment in the year following the droughts, independent of the preceding treatment (severe, mild, or no drought), whereas this was not the case for a similar drought in early summer. Minor leaf phenological responses were detected in the year following the droughts. Finally, the non-local provenances did not respond in a deviating way to the droughts compared to the local provenance. Our findings contribute to the prediction of carbon sequestration in forests and other woody vegetations in the temperate regions of Europe.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the Future Distribution and Habitat Suitability of Ilex latifolia Thunb. in China under Climate Change Scenarios","authors":"Yunyang Ma, Ying Liu, Yangzhou Xiang, Ji He, Ling Zhao, Xinzhao Guo","doi":"10.3390/f15071227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071227","url":null,"abstract":"Ilex latifolia Thunb., a plant of significant economic and medicinal value, is both edible and medicinal. Assessing the climate suitability for I. latifolia has profound implications for advancing medical progress and enhancing the quality of human life. This study comprehensively utilized data on the field distribution of I. Latifolia, as well as corresponding climatic, topographical, and soil data at these distribution points, with the aid of future climate data predicted by global climate models, and employed the MaxEnt model to predict and analyze the climate suitability areas of I. latifolia under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). The research covers the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, suitable growth range, and influencing factors from the present to the end of the 21st century (2041–2100). The predictive results of the MaxEnt model indicate that, under current climatic conditions, the main suitable growth areas for I. latifolia are concentrated in the southeastern part of China, especially in the provinces of Fujian and Zhejiang. However, facing the challenges of future climate change, it is expected that the moderately high suitable growth areas for I. latifolia will show a trend of gradual reduction. The primary climatic factors crucial for I. latifolia’s growth are annual precipitation (1469.05 to 4499.50 mm), the lowest temperature in the coldest month (−18.72 to 3.88 °C), seasonal precipitation changes (11.94 to 64.69 mm), and topographic slope (0.37 to 3.00 °), with annual precipitation being the most influential. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the introduction of I. latifolia and offer important reference information for the artificial cultivation, resource development, and achievement of sustainable industrial development of this species.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Management Measures on Multiple Ecosystem Function Trade-Offs and Their Dynamics in Subtropic Pinus massoniana Plantations","authors":"Kexin Zhang, Hongzhu Zou, Xiangdong Lei, Ji Zeng, Jie Lan, Xiaoxue Guo, Dongli Gao, Xianzhao Liu, Huiru Zhang","doi":"10.3390/f15071224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071224","url":null,"abstract":"With the changing demands imposed on forests by human beings, optimizing forest management to fully utilize their multifunctionality has become a priority. Reasonable forest management measures can maintain stable forest ecosystems that fully coordinate the balance between ecological, societal, and economic aspects. As planted forests are the main application scenario of forest management worldwide, it is of great importance to understand the trade-offs between ecosystem functions and their dynamic changes in planted forests. This paper investigates the effects of different management measures on the ecosystem function of Pinus massoniana plantation forests in the subtropics. It examines four different management measures and explores how they impact multiple ecosystem function indexes and the trade-offs between ecosystem functions during forest restoration. The different management measures effectively promoted the studied ecosystem functions, with higher annual growth rates of the integrated functional indices for timber production, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity compared to the control. Over time, the ecosystem function interactions under the different management measures alternated between trade-offs and synergistic. Only the stand with a 65% harvesting intensity and replanting of various native broadleaf species was able to sustain the synergistic relationships among ecosystem functions, and the dominant function trended toward biodiversity. These observations of dynamic changes and interactions in ecosystem functions of Pinus massoniana plantation forests under various management measures will serve as a valuable reference for the sustainable management of these forests in subtropical regions.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Environments Where Natural Regeneration Is Established in the Absence of a Wildfire in the Open Pinus brutia Forests in the Middle Elevations of the Central Part of Cyprus","authors":"P. Petrou, Athanasios Stampoulidis, E. Pipinis, Kyriaki Kitikidou, E. Milios","doi":"10.3390/f15071228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071228","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to analyze the P. brutia natural regeneration and the environments where it was established in the absence of a wildfire in the open formations of the species in the middle elevations of the central part of Cyprus. Forty-eight rectangular plots of 0.1 ha were established in three site productivity types. Individuals of the species with a height from 0.1 m to 1.5 m were considered regeneration plants. Within each plot, various measurements and estimations were made. Moreover, 480 hemispherical photographs were taken. Additionally, hemispherical photographs were taken above each of the recorded naturally regenerated P. brutia plants. In all the site productivity types, the most regeneration plants were established and grew under the process of facilitation. In each of the site productivity types, there were no differences in the light condition diversity between the environments where the regeneration plants grew and the existing light conditions. Regeneration exhibited a small number of plants and constituted only a very small proportion of all trees in the three site productivity types. To achieve sustainability in P. brutia forests, forest practices must develop strategies for the enhancement of P. brutia regeneration in the studied area and in analogous environments.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Alternative Splicing in Moso Bamboo and Its Dwarf Mutant, Phyllostachys edulis ‘Tubaeformis’","authors":"Zhenhua Qiu, Yuanyuan Sun, Yanhui Su, Long Cheng, Dong Liu, Shuyan Lin, Long Li","doi":"10.3390/f15071233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071233","url":null,"abstract":"Internode length is a crucial phenotypic trait of bamboo, significantly impacting its processing and utilization. Phyllostachys edulis ‘Tubaeformis’ (Shengyin Bamboo), a variety of Moso bamboo, exhibits drastically shortened internodes, making it a valuable ornamental bamboo species. We used PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing and second-generation sequencing to identify genome-wide alternative splicing (AS) events in Moso bamboo and its dwarf mutant, Shengyin bamboo, and compared the differences between the two. Our sequencing data unveiled 139,539 AS events, with retained introns as the most prevalent events. A large number of genes were differentially alternatively spliced (DAS) between Moso bamboo and Shengyin bamboo, and genes related to RNA splicing were most significantly enriched. The high expression of SR isoforms in the 24th internode of Moso bamboo is likely the main factor leading to its greater number of alternative splicing events. Alternative splicing affects the functional domains of partial GRF, E2F, and NAM isoforms, leading to the loss of domains in some isoforms and enabling some isoforms to acquire new functional domains, and this phenomenon is more common in Shengyin bamboo. AS modifies the functional domains of certain GRF isoforms, frequently resulting in domain losses or endowing isoforms with novel domains, and this phenomenon is more common in Shengyin bamboo. We used PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing and second-generation sequencing to identify genome-wide alternative splicing (AS) events in Moso bamboo and its dwarf mutant, Shengyin Bamboo and compared the differences between the two.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"45 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Potential of Polypore Fungi as Eco-Friendly Materials in Food Industry Applications","authors":"Tomasz Pawłowicz, Karolina Anna Gabrysiak, Konrad Wilamowski","doi":"10.3390/f15071230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071230","url":null,"abstract":"Polyporoid fungi represent an untapped resource in the ancillary use of forests, traditionally utilized in both historic and contemporary medicine for their diverse bioactive properties, yet their potential for creating materials within the food industry remains largely unexplored. This article delves into the polyporoid fungi as a promising, yet underutilized, biomaterial resource for eco-friendly applications in the food sector. Despite their widespread use in traditional and modern medicine, the exploration of these fungi for industrial applications, particularly in food storage solutions and utensils, is in its nascent stages. The Białowieża Primeval Forest, characterized by its abundant deadwood and minimal human intervention, offers a rich repository of polyporoid fungi. This study aims to illuminate the ecological significance and potential industrial applications of polyporoid fungi. By reviewing existing research and synthesizing insights into the genetic diversity, biochemical capabilities, and ecological roles of polyporoid species such as Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, and Trametes versicolor, this article proposes a novel approach to leveraging polyporoid fungi in developing sustainable solutions that meet current environmental and health-conscious trends. The investigation not only underscores the potential of polyporoid fungi in advancing green technologies but also highlights the importance of utilizing renewable resources in material science, fostering a shift towards more sustainable industrial practices.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive Assessment of the Internal Condition of Urban Trees Infested by Two Cerambycid Beetles, Aromia bungii and Massicus raddei, Using Sonic Tomography","authors":"Byeong-jong Lee, Seulki Son, Jong-kook Jung, Yonghwan Park","doi":"10.3390/f15071231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071231","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of wood-boring insects to non-native areas can pose a significant threat to global forest ecosystems. Aromia bungii and Massicus raddei, native to Asia including Korea but potentially important in urban forestry worldwide, are severe trunk borers that have recently infested host trees in urban landscapes of Korea. The signs of external injury can help identify cerambycid-infested trees. However, assessing the internal condition of trees without causing damage is challenging, which hinders the management of infested trees that are still alive. This study evaluated the potential use of sonic tomography to assess injury characteristics in the woody parts of trees, such as Prunus × yedoensis and Quercus palustris infested by A. bungii and M. raddei, respectively. Among the 45 investigated trees, the number of holes on external parts was recorded by visual examination. Sonic tomography images revealed decayed areas, allowing for a comparison of internal damage between infested and non-infested trees. The internal status of trees infested by the two cerambycid beetles differed from that of healthy trees. While some healthy trees exhibited minimal internal damage, those that were not infested by beetles showed decayed areas, potentially caused by non-biological factors such as frozen cracks. In conclusion, sonic tomography equipment can potentially be used for non-invasive assessment of internal injuries caused by wood-boring insects in urban trees.","PeriodicalId":505742,"journal":{"name":"Forests","volume":"46 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}