Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore最新文献

{"title":"The Contradictory Foundation of the Estonian Folklore Archives: Traditionality and Modernism, Unification and Segregation, and Basics of Authenticity","authors":"Liina Saarlo","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.saarlo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.saarlo","url":null,"abstract":"The Estonian Folklore Archives (EFA) has intertwined with the basis of reasoning about folk and nation in many ways. The article discusses opposing concepts that affected the foundation of the institution and the development of its collections while altering according to prevailing ideologies. Traditionality and modernity, and unification and segregation were interlaced while constructing the Estonian nation during the period of national awakening (starting in the 1850s). In this modernist process the history of Estonians had to be (re)created. Country-wide folklore collection campaigns were organised, during which young people were gathering material from old people about culturally outdated genres and obsolete knowledge. These large collections became the basis of the EFA in independent Estonia and, according to erstwhile principles, the collection of folklore and filling in the white spots on the Estonian map continued. However, since there was no longer any threat to nationality, folklorists also began to experiment with new methods and study the genres, or social/national groups, which so far had been regarded as marginal or insignificant. The Soviet occupation was accompanied by major ideological changes. As a result of constant external pressure, folklorists enclosed themselves into ethno-centrist conservatism – folklore of Estonians and kindred peoples, archaic genres of peasants’ tradition – were preferred to be recorded and studied once again. Authenticity – the set of qualities of texts such as archaic, traditional, oral, or reliable – became the supreme principle for collecting and publishing. Interest in ethnic minorities and contemporary topics arose only at the end of the Soviet era, experiencing an explosive success in the re-independent Estonia.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folklore Activities of the Lithuanian Science Society: Utopian Goals or Insightful Ideas?","authors":"R. Žarskienė","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.zharskiene","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.zharskiene","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with two activities of the Lithuanian Science Society (LSS, 1907–1938) and the history of the folklore collections it accumulated. Its members encouraged people to record folk songs, fairytales, stories, riddles, and other forms of folklore, and they tried to gather in one place all the older manuscripts that contained folklore. This way, the LSS’s folklore archive was formed at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1908, Eduard Wolter, a member of the LSS, made the first folklore sound recordings with a phonograph apparatus. The chair of the Society, Jonas Basanavičius, knew about the Phonogram Archives of Vienna and Berlin; therefore, he encouraged the establishment of such an archive in Vilnius. Another idea of the LSS, initiated by Mykolas Biržiška, was to gather all the songs in one place and to publish a national songbook. Unfortunately, these goals were visionary and utopian for this period of cultural development in Lithuania. In this study, the birth of these ideas and the path to their realisation are chronologically reviewed. The author discusses the reasons why they were not accomplished in the first part of the twentieth century, and gives explanations for why they were successfully implemented in the second part of the twentieth – beginning of the twenty-first centuries. The historical-political context as well as the actual digitisation of intangible heritage archives help clarify the process.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Participate in Participatory Music Making at a Contemporary Folk Music Festival: Runosong Nests at the Viljandi Folk Music Festival and Pelimanni Evenings at the Kaustinen Folk Music Festival","authors":"Helen Kõmmus","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.kommus","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.kommus","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies, compares and analyses participatory music making at Estonian and Finnish folk music festivals. By comparing the empirical research materials collected during comprehensive fieldwork in 2004–2019 from the regilaulupesa (Eng. runosong nest) of the Viljandi Folk Music Festival (Est. Viljandi pärimusmuusika festival) in Estonia and from the pelimanni (Eng. folk musician, fiddler) evenings of the Kaustinen Folk Music Festival (Fin. Kaustisen kansanmusiikkijuhlat) in Finland, answers were sought to the following questions: What kind of participatory music making takes place at these folk music festivals? What are the social dynamics between and within the groups and individuals in participatory music making situations? How are the primary and secondary functions of music making formed? As a result of the qualitative comparative phenomenological research, it was found that although in participatory music situations at Estonian and Finnish folk music festivals the musical behaviour of participants and the social dynamics of groups could differ radically, they still strive for direct musical experience at a community and personal level and bring the older musical tradition closer to the contemporary people. During participatory music making the secondary function, that is, musical behaviour directed outside the group, could turn naturally into a primary function – musical activity that unites the community and fulfils its internal needs. Situations of participatory music making at Estonian and Finnish contemporary music festivals revealed the common music making as a cultural, social, creative, and emotional phenomenon which has symbolic and direct connections with traditional Finnic folk music culture.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Estonian Folklore Archives as a Knowledge Hub","authors":"Mall Hiiemäe","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.hiiemae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.hiiemae","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on matters both in Estonia and abroad that have influenced the establishment of the folklore archives in Estonia, ideological trends within the work of the archives, material coverage, and the development of the archives from an institution preserving collections into a research institution.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"If Oskar Kolberg Had Had the Phonograph… Or How to Read the Oldest Archival Notes of Polish Traditional Music through the Prism of Phonographic Experience","authors":"Jacek Jackowski","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.jackowski","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.jackowski","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the value of different types of sources (written, audio) of traditional music in the context of contemporary Polish folk music research and practices. The military twentieth century rendered a large gap in the records (especially in the sound recordings) of traditional music and in order to obtain a more coherent and complete picture of the essence and development of traditional music, it is necessary to combine all the bits and pieces in different types of recordings. The most recent research has allowed us to study the first notations of traditional music made by Oskar Kolberg in the nineteenth century in quite a new context – via audio experiences after listening to archival recordings. The “phonic age” delivered additional data about traditional music – not only lyrics, melody, intervals and formulaic notation of rhythms, but also every detail that could not have been captured and saved with the use of traditional musical notation. The appearance of new techniques of sound recording has a particular meaning and influence for the reconstruction of the ancient sound of village music and for styles and manners of performing. It is important not only for musical performers but also for theoreticians who often face the problem of how to interpret historical descriptions of music or how to truly perform historical reality (e.g., ethnomusicologists, ethnographers, film and radio-audience producers, etc.). An experimental study was conducted in collaboration with contemporary musicians on how they interpret the acquisition of a new piece written down over one and a half centuries ago. The results revealed notable differences between the musicians with academic education, younger generation revivalists, and traditional musicians in terms of acquiring the style of performance but also in shares of improvisation. In addition, the notation is not able to describe the nuances of performance and therefore the audio recordings or live models are of extreme value in the practical learning and researching of traditional music.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Archival and Academic Research in Dissident Manuscripts: The Ostrobothnian Mystics Project (Finland)","authors":"P. Mehtonen, Tarja Soiniola","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.mehtonen_soiniola","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.mehtonen_soiniola","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes an interdisciplinary project set up for the collection of manuscripts produced during the period of ca. 1780–1830 by craftsmen and peasants along the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia in Finland (Ostrobothnian Mystics, literature and cultural history collection, the Finnish Literature Society). We briefly describe the nature of the material, discuss the specific aspects of the manuscript project which connected two fields of expertise – that of an archive researcher and a user of the particular collection – and conclude by arguing for the urgency of finding new ways and resources to preserve fragile items – both texts and material artefacts – in a specific field.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"353 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aleksei Peterson in the Southern Veps Villages in 1965–1969: A Chapter from the History of Soviet Estonian Ethnography","authors":"Indrek Jääts","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.jaats","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.jaats","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the five expeditions made by Aleksei Peterson, director of the Estonian Ethnography Museum, and his colleagues to the Southern Veps villages (Leningrad Oblast, northeastern Russia) in the late 1960s. These research trips marking the rebirth of the Finno-Ugric direction in Estonian ethnography (ethnology) constitute an important part of disciplinary history. The article, based mainly on fieldwork diaries, focuses on the everyday life during the research trips (logistic challenges, relations with local authorities and the Veps) and analyses the attitudes and knowledge production practices of Soviet Estonian ethnographers interested, above all, in traditional peasant culture.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archives and the Bodily Dimension of Traditional Dance Knowledge","authors":"Sille Kapper-Tiisler","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.kapper_tiisler","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.kapper_tiisler","url":null,"abstract":"For a dance researcher, audiovisual recordings are the most informative part of archives. For various reasons, in Estonia, re-embodiment of traditional dances has been based more on verbal descriptions and less on film and video. Nonetheless, some analysis has been done by today, and some findings on individual, local, and temporary variability of traditional dancing in different parts of Estonia exist, and some clips have been published. Despite of availability of archival video recordings, folk dance teachers usually prefer verbal descriptions, which leads to the loss of a great deal of detailed information. In the article, I explore some of the reasons for this situation, based on my own teacher practice and a case study inquiry among teachers of high school girls’ dance groups involved in the process of the 12th Youth Dance Celebration in 2017. In this project high school girls’ groups were proposed to learn Ristpulkadetants (Crossed Sticks Dance) in an unusual way – as a supplement to verbal descriptions, an archival movie clip was provided to teachers as source material. This made it possible to investigate teachers’ interest in the use of film, as well as the facilitating or hindering factors of actual use. About a fifth of the involved teachers expressed an opinion that archival recordings contain information not yet verbalized in descriptions and could help them in adding new qualities to the bodily dimension of their own and their students’ dance. As a result of the study, it can also be said that archive videos of a traditional dance are not that available to folk dance teachers as they would like them to be.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Udmurt Folklore Material in the Folklore Archives of the Estonian Literary Museum and Its Collectors: A Brief Review","authors":"Victor Denisov","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.denisov","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.denisov","url":null,"abstract":"The digitisation and preservation of language and folklore sound collections are highly relevant issues for many archival institutions in the Russian Federation. The folklore archive of the Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature in Izhevsk has not been an exception to this. The first folklore and language recordings on analogue magnetic tapes appeared in the early 1960s. In subsequent years, local folklorists and linguists made numerous expeditions to survey all areas of Udmurtia and the neighbouring regions where the Udmurts lived. Estonian researchers also participated in the recording of the Udmurt language and folklore during expeditions both in Estonia and outside. The article covers the joint efforts of Estonian and Udmurt scholars in collecting Udmurt folklore and language materials, which are currently stored at the Estonian Folklore Archives.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"36 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opening Archives to Society: The Experience from the Folklore Archive at Rovira i Virgili University","authors":"Carme Oriol, Emili Samper","doi":"10.7592/fejf2023.91.oriol_samper","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.91.oriol_samper","url":null,"abstract":"The Folklore Archive at the Rovira i Virgili University (URV) is a university archive. The materials it stores are products of the fieldwork conducted by students on the Catalan Studies programme and the work done by professors researching into folk literature. From the year of its creation to the present, the Archive has adapted to the needs of the society of which it is a part. The present article discusses two issues. First, it explains how the results from our university research are transferred from the Archive to society (web, specialized digital resources, social networks, etc.). And second, it describes a specific activity entitled La ciutat a cau d’orella (The whispering city), which focuses on legends and involves several entities in Tarragona (city hall, public library, schools, youth organizations, writing workshops, etc.). This activity can be regarded as a way of developing mutual relations between the academic world and the general public.","PeriodicalId":505741,"journal":{"name":"Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}