Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Fusarium Tropical Race 4 in Latin America and the Caribbean: status and global research advances towards disease management","authors":"Thayne Munhoz, Jorge Vargas, Luiz Teixeira, C. Staver, M. Dita","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1397617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1397617","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), poses an undeniable threat to global banana production. This disease has intensified in recent years, with the tropical race 4 (TR4) strain spreading rapidly. Since 2018, the number of affected countries has increased from 16 to 23, presenting a significant challenge to researchers, producers, and National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs) worldwide. The potential impact of TR4 in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is particularly concerning. This region boasts seven of the top ten banana-exporting countries, and bananas and plantains are crucial for food security and income generation. In Colombia, where TR4 was detected in 2019, the disease has already spread from La Guajira to Magdalena, and it is currently affecting 20 large commercial export farms. In Peru, the disease was detected in 2021 and although still restricted to the northern region, flood irrigation and heavy rains associated with the Yaku cyclone, boosted pathogen spread, and more than 400 small organic banana farmers are currently affected. In Venezuela, TR4 detection occurred in 2023, with plantations across three states and five municipalities now affected. Worryingly, TR4 has also been confirmed in plantains, a staple food in the region. Current national responses in LAC primarily rely on preventive and reactive measures: preventing initial incursions and containing outbreaks to avoid further spread. However, the disease’s relentless progression suggests that its eventual presence in all banana-producing areas is likely. Therefore, exploring alternative management approaches beyond pathogen exclusion becomes crucial, both in affected and disease-free regions. This paper examines the current spread of TR4, focusing on epidemiological aspects and recent research-based management options. Key epidemiological features were highlighted, drawing practical examples from various scales (plots to landscapes) and utilizing experiences from LAC’s fight against TR4. The paper also reviews field-tested approaches in biosecurity, biological control, resistant varieties, soil health, and integrated disease management, acknowledging the specific challenges faced by smallholder settings. In each section research initiatives were analyzed, identifying gaps, and proposing directions to minimize TR4 impact and accelerate the development of sustainable solutions for managing this devastating disease.","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomic data resolved the deep relationships of Gymnogynoideae (Selaginellaceae)","authors":"Jing Zhao, Zhao‐Rong He, Shao-Li Fang, Xu-Ke Han, Lu-Yao Jiang, Yu-Ping Hu, Hong Yu, Li-Bing Zhang, Xin‐Mao Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1405253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1405253","url":null,"abstract":"The unresolved phylogenetic framework within the Selaginellaceae subfamily Gymnogynoideae (ca. 130 species) has hindered our comprehension of the diversification and evolution of Selaginellaceae, one of the most important lineages in land plant evolution. Here, based on plastid and nuclear data extracted from genomic sequencing of more than 90% species of all genera except two in Gymnogynoideae, a phylogenomic study focusing on the contentious relationships among the genera in Gymnogynoideae was conducted. Our major results included the following: (1) Only single-copy region (named NR) and only one ribosomal operon was firstly found in Afroselaginella among vascular plants, the plastome structure of Gymnogynoideae is diverse among the six genera, and the direct repeats (DR) type is inferred as the ancestral state in the subfamily; (2) The first strong evidence was found to support Afroselaginella as a sister to Megaloselaginella. Alternative placements of Ericetorum and Gymnogynum were detected, and their relationships were investigated by analyzing the variation of phylogenetic signals; and (3) The most likely genus-level relationships in Gymnogynoideae might be: ((Bryodesma, Lepidoselaginella), (((Megaloselaginella, Afroselaginella), Ericetorum), Gymnogynum)), which was supported by maximum likelihood phylogeny based on plastid datasets, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference based on SCG dataset and concatenated nuclear and plastid datasets and the highest proportion of phylogenetic signals of plastid genes.","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for combating plant salinity stress: the potential of plant growth-promoting microorganisms","authors":"B. Acharya, Satwinder Pal Gill, Amita Kaundal, D. Sandhu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1406913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1406913","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change and the decreasing availability of high-quality water lead to an increase in the salinization of agricultural lands. This rising salinity represents a significant abiotic stressor that detrimentally influences plant physiology and gene expression. Consequently, critical processes such as seed germination, growth, development, and yield are adversely affected. Salinity severely impacts crop yields, given that many crop plants are sensitive to salt stress. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) in the rhizosphere or the rhizoplane of plants are considered the “second genome” of plants as they contribute significantly to improving the plant growth and fitness of plants under normal conditions and when plants are under stress such as salinity. PGPMs are crucial in assisting plants to navigate the harsh conditions imposed by salt stress. By enhancing water and nutrient absorption, which is often hampered by high salinity, these microorganisms significantly improve plant resilience. They bolster the plant’s defenses by increasing the production of osmoprotectants and antioxidants, mitigating salt-induced damage. Furthermore, PGPMs supply growth-promoting hormones like auxins and gibberellins and reduce levels of the stress hormone ethylene, fostering healthier plant growth. Importantly, they activate genes responsible for maintaining ion balance, a vital aspect of plant survival in saline environments. This review underscores the multifaceted roles of PGPMs in supporting plant life under salt stress, highlighting their value for agriculture in salt-affected areas and their potential impact on global food security.","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petal segmentation in CT images based on divide-and-conquer strategy","authors":"Yuki Naka, Yuzuko Utsumi, M. Iwamura, Hirokazu Tsukaya, Koichi Kise","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1389902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1389902","url":null,"abstract":"Manual segmentation of the petals of flower computed tomography (CT) images is time-consuming and labor-intensive because the flower has many petals. In this study, we aim to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) structure of Camellia japonica flowers and propose a petal segmentation method using computer vision techniques. Petal segmentation on the slice images fails by simply applying the segmentation methods because the shape of the petals in CT images differs from that of the objects targeted by the latest instance segmentation methods. To overcome these challenges, we crop two-dimensional (2D) long rectangles from each slice image and apply the segmentation method to segment the petals on the images. Thanks to cropping, it is easier to segment the shape of the petals in the cropped images using the segmentation methods. We can also use the latest segmentation method for the task because the number of images used for training is augmented by cropping. Subsequently, the results are integrated into 3D to obtain 3D segmentation volume data. The experimental results show that the proposed method can segment petals on slice images with higher accuracy than the method without cropping. The 3D segmentation results were also obtained and visualized successfully.","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"42 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional evidence on the involvement of the MADS-box gene MdDAM4 in bud dormancy regulation in apple","authors":"Janne Lempe, Mirko Moser, E. Asquini, A. Si-Ammour, Henryk Flachowsky","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1433865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1433865","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of the year, temperate trees experience extremes in temperature and day length. In order to protect themselves from frost damage in winter, they enter a dormant state with no visible growth where all leaves are shed and buds are dormant. Also the young floral tissues need to withstand harsh winter conditions, as temperature fruit trees like apple develop their flower buds in the previous year of fruit development. So far, the genetic control of induction and release of dormancy is not fully understood. However, the transcription factor family of DORMANCY-Associated MADS-box (DAM) genes plays a major role in the control of winter dormancy. One of these genes is MdDAM4. This gene is expressed in the early phase of bud dormancy, but little is known about its function. Six transgenic apple lines were produced to study the function of MdDAM4 in apple. For plant transformation, the binary plasmid vector p9oN-35s-MdDAM4 was used that contains the coding sequence of MdDAM4 driven by the 35S promoter. Transgenicity of the lines was proven by PCR and southern hybridization. Based on siRNA sequencing and phenotypic observations, it was concluded that line M2024 overexpresses MdDAM4 whereas the gene is silenced in all other lines. Phenotyping of the transgenic lines provided evidence that the overexpression of MdDAM4 leads to an earlier induction and a later release of dormancy. Silencing this gene had exactly the opposite effects and thereby led to an increased duration of the vegetation period. Expression experiments revealed genes that were either potentially repressed or activated by MdDAM4. Among the potentially suppressed genes were several homologs of the cytokinin oxidase 5 (CKX5), five LOX homologs, and several expansins, which may indicate a link between MdDAM4 and the control of leaf senescence. Among the potentially activated genes is MdDAM1, which is in line with observed expression patterns during winter dormancy. MdDAM2, which shows little expression during endodormancy also appears to be activated by MdDAM4. Overall, this study provides experimental evidence with transgenic apple trees for MdDAM4 being an important regulator of the onset of bud dormancy in apple.","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of agroclimatic variables on the probability and timing of olive fruit fly attack","authors":"G. Rondoni, Elisabetta Mattioli, Vito Antonio Giannuzzi, Elena Chierici, Andrea Betti, Gaetano Natale, R. Petacchi, Franco Famiani, Antonio Natale, Eric Conti","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1401669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1401669","url":null,"abstract":"Agroclimatic variables may affect insect and plant phenology, with unpredictable effects on pest populations and crop losses. Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a specific pest of Olea europaea plants that can cause annual economic losses of more than one billion US dollars in the Mediterranean region. In this study, we aimed at understanding the effect of olive tree phenology and other agroclimatic variables on B. oleae infestation dynamics in the Umbria region (Central Italy). Analyses were carried out on B. oleae infestation data collected in 79 olive groves during a 7-year period (from 2015 to 2021). In July–August, B. oleae infestation (1% attack) was negatively affected by altitude and spring mean daily temperatures and positively by higher winter mean daily temperatures and olive tree cumulative degree days. In September–October, infestation was negatively affected by a positive soil water balance and high spring temperatures. High altitude and cumulative plant degree days were related to delayed attacks. In contrast, high winter and spring temperatures accelerated them. Our results could be helpful for the development of predictive models and for increasing the reliability of decision support systems currently used in olive orchards.","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Sensing of and acclimations to environmental pH in plants","authors":"I. Vélez-Bermúdez, Li Liu, C. Geilfus","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1447857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1447857","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing in the dark: a metagenomic approach can illuminate the drivers of plant disease","authors":"Veronica Roman-Reyna, S. G. Crandall","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1405042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1405042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"95 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relating microtensiometer-based trunk water potential with sap flow, canopy temperature, and trunk and fruit diameter variations for irrigated ‘Honeycrisp’ apple","authors":"Victor Blanco, Lee Kalcsits","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1393028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1393028","url":null,"abstract":"Instrumentation plays a key role in modern horticulture. Thus, the microtensiomenter, a new plant-based sensor that continuously monitors trunk water potential (Ψtrunk) can help in irrigation management decisions. To compare the response of the Ψtrunk with other continuous tree water status indicators such as the sap flow rate, the difference between canopy and air temperatures, or the variations of the trunk and fruit diameter, all the sensors were installed in 2022 in a commercial orchard of ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees with M.9 rootstocks in Washinton State (USA). From the daily evolution of the Ψtrunk, five indicators were considered: predawn, midday, minimum, daily mean, and daily range (the difference between the daily maximum and minimum values). The daily range of Ψtrunk was the most linked to the maximum daily shrinkage (MDS; R2 = 0.42), the canopy-to-air temperature (Tc-Ta; R2 = 0.32), and the sap flow rate (SF; R2 = 0.30). On the other hand, the relative fruit growth rate (FRGR) was more related to the minimum Ψtrunk (R2 = 0.33) and the daily mean Ψtrunk (R2 = 0.32) than to the daily range of Ψtrunk. All indicators derived from Ψtrunk identified changes in tree water status after each irrigation event and had low coefficients of variation and high sensitivity. These results encourage Ψtrunk as a promising candidate for continuous monitoring of tree water status, however, more research is needed to better relate these measures with other widely studied plant-based indicators and identify good combinations of sensors and threshold values.","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"76 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not only phosphorus: dauciform roots can also influence aboveground biomass through root morphological traits and metal cation concentrations","authors":"Yulin Huang, Rong Fan, Xiaoqi Wang, Songlin Jiang, Wanting Liu, Wenli Ji, Weizhong Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1367176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1367176","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus in the soil is mostly too insoluble for plants to utilize, resulting in inhibited aboveground biomass, while Carex can maintain their aboveground biomass through the presence of dauciform roots. However, dauciform roots lead to both morphological and physiological changes in the root system, making their primary mechanism unclear.A greenhouse experiment was conducted on three Carex species, in which Al-P, Ca-P, Fe-P, and K-P were employed as sole phosphorus sources. The plants were harvested and assessed after 30, 60 and 90 days.(1) The density of dauciform roots was positively correlated with root length and specific root length, positively influencing aboveground biomass at all three stages. (2) The aboveground phosphorus concentration showed a negative correlation with both dauciform root density and aboveground biomass in the first two stages, which became positive in the third stage. (3) Aboveground biomass correlated negatively with the aboveground Al concentration, and positively with Ca and Fe concentration (except Al-P). (4) Root morphological traits emerged as critical factors in dauciform roots’ promotion of aboveground biomass accumulation.Despite the difference among insoluble phosphorus, dauciform roots have a contributing effect on aboveground growth status over time, mainly by regulating root morphological traits. This study contributes to our understanding of short-term variation in dauciform roots and their regulatory mechanisms that enhance Carex aboveground biomass under low available phosphorus conditions.","PeriodicalId":505607,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}