应对植物盐碱胁迫的策略:促进植物生长的微生物的潜力

B. Acharya, Satwinder Pal Gill, Amita Kaundal, D. Sandhu
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摘要

全球气候变化和优质水源的减少导致农田盐碱化加剧。不断上升的盐度是一种重要的非生物压力源,会对植物生理和基因表达产生不利影响。因此,种子发芽、生长、发育和产量等关键过程都会受到不利影响。盐分严重影响作物产量,因为许多作物对盐分胁迫非常敏感。植物根圈或根瘤中的植物生长促进微生物(PGPMs)被认为是植物的 "第二基因组",因为它们在正常条件下和植物受到盐胁迫(如盐渍化)时,对改善植物的生长和适应性做出了重大贡献。PGPM 在帮助植物克服盐胁迫带来的恶劣条件方面至关重要。高盐度通常会阻碍植物对水分和养分的吸收,而这些微生物通过促进水分和养分的吸收,大大提高了植物的抗逆能力。它们通过提高渗透保护剂和抗氧化剂的产量来增强植物的防御能力,从而减轻盐引起的损害。此外,PGPMs 还能提供促进生长的激素,如辅酶和赤霉素,并降低压力激素乙烯的水平,促进植物更健康地生长。重要的是,它们还能激活负责维持离子平衡的基因,这是植物在盐碱环境中生存的一个重要方面。这篇综述强调了 PGPM 在盐胁迫下支持植物生命的多方面作用,突出了它们对盐害地区农业的价值及其对全球粮食安全的潜在影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Strategies for combating plant salinity stress: the potential of plant growth-promoting microorganisms
Global climate change and the decreasing availability of high-quality water lead to an increase in the salinization of agricultural lands. This rising salinity represents a significant abiotic stressor that detrimentally influences plant physiology and gene expression. Consequently, critical processes such as seed germination, growth, development, and yield are adversely affected. Salinity severely impacts crop yields, given that many crop plants are sensitive to salt stress. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) in the rhizosphere or the rhizoplane of plants are considered the “second genome” of plants as they contribute significantly to improving the plant growth and fitness of plants under normal conditions and when plants are under stress such as salinity. PGPMs are crucial in assisting plants to navigate the harsh conditions imposed by salt stress. By enhancing water and nutrient absorption, which is often hampered by high salinity, these microorganisms significantly improve plant resilience. They bolster the plant’s defenses by increasing the production of osmoprotectants and antioxidants, mitigating salt-induced damage. Furthermore, PGPMs supply growth-promoting hormones like auxins and gibberellins and reduce levels of the stress hormone ethylene, fostering healthier plant growth. Importantly, they activate genes responsible for maintaining ion balance, a vital aspect of plant survival in saline environments. This review underscores the multifaceted roles of PGPMs in supporting plant life under salt stress, highlighting their value for agriculture in salt-affected areas and their potential impact on global food security.
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