Ecological Complexity最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the ecological complexity and uncertainty of predicting forest ecosystem services under climate change","authors":"Marc Djahangard ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Rasoul Yousefpour","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change affects Central European forest ecosystems in different ways and, consequently, these changes result in different feedbacks on the provision of forest ecosystem services. Regarding the complexity and the variability in climate-forest interactions outcome, forest decision makers necessitate reliable information about changes in the forest ecosystem services for planning and adaptation purposes. However, forest productivity predictions incorporate multiple levels of uncertainty that have to be regarded to ensure building realistic expectations in forest decision-making. Besides the chosen forest simulation model, uncertainties come from the climate change data represented by a set of representative concentration pathways (RCP), within the underlying ensemble of global circulation and regional climate models (GCM-RCM), and further in the treatment of the CO₂-fertilization effect. We considered the mentioned uncertainties in a framework on simulating forest growth and water services for two forest sites, a Sessile oak and a Scots pine stand in Rhineland-Palatine, Germany. The framework revealed a high variability in future forest ecosystem services. Particularly, the variability among the selected GCM-RCM models within the same Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) was higher than the variability among different RCPs (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 representing the low and high CO₂-emission scenarios, respectively). Sessile oak productivity increased under all scenarios, whereas Scots pine growth declined in the lower end of the RCP8.5 scenario. Water services remained mostly stable at both sites. Moreover, we applied a panel data model to estimate what climate indices caused changes in the forest ecosystem services. We found that Scots pine is more sensitive to a multitude of climate indices, such as temperature changes and Sessile oak showed strong response to the CO₂-fertilization. We propose applying this framework to evaluate forest management options under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niche divergence mechanisms of closely related hybridising bird species. Modeling approach based on remote sensing data of forest habitats","authors":"Jakub Z. Kosicki","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Describing mechanisms that ensure stable co-occurrence of sympatric species is fundamental to understanding the complexity of ecological community dynamics. In this study, the Pied flycatcher and the Collared flycatcher were used as model species for the analysis of co-occurrence patterns of closely related hybridising species that inhabit overlapping forest habitats. I hypothesise that spatial niche partitioning between species emerges as a vital adaptive response to interspecific competition and manifests itself in significant shifts in habitat preferences in syntopic areas but not in the allotopic ones. The study leverages a comprehensive dataset that includes species density in 372 randomly selected 1 km² grid cells across the territory of Poland. The analysis of habitat preferences was performed with linear mixed-effect modeling, whereas a contrast analysis was used to investigate changes in habitat preferences resulting from the presence of a competitor. The findings indicate that both species modify their habitat preferences when transitioning between syntopic and allotopic sites. Remarkably, in regions without competitors, such shifts are significantly less pronounced, as demonstrated by the Pied flycatcher that prefers the same habitats both in allopatric regions and allotopic sites. When these results are compared with other studies on closely related hybridising and non-hybridising species, it turns out that what influences the degree and number of niches subjected to competition is the time that passes from species divergence. This study highlights the imperative need to incorporate co-occurrence parameters of closely related species into niche and species distribution models to enhance their ecological realism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitive and intransitive structures in competition-based ecological communities","authors":"John Vandermeer","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the classical idea that no two species can occupy the same niche, ecological communities are frequently assumed to be structured according to the rules of interspecific competition, based on the intuition provided by the Lotka/Volterra competition equations in two dimensions. It has been noted that when three or more species are involved, the usual tacit assumption that all competition is transitive may be violated. Intransitive loops change some of the emergent principles of the competition-based framework of community structure. Since the intransitivity is oscillatory, the convenient stable equilibrium approach to communities is altered and oscillatory behavior of the system needs to be acknowledged. It is likely that real communities, especially if they are relatively large, will contain one or more intransitive structures, along with normal transitivities. Here we examine some theoretical constructs that emanate from the joint consideration of intransitive and transitive structures co-occurring in an ecological community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should the biodiversity bank be a savings bank or a lending bank?","authors":"Martin Drechsler","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation offsets are increasingly used as an instrument for biodiversity conservation on private lands. Since the restoration of degraded land often involves uncertainties and time lags, conservation biologists have recommended that credits in conservation offset schemes be awarded only with the completion of the restoration process (“savings bank”). These arguments, however, ignore that such a scheme design may incur higher economic costs than a design in which credits are already awarded at the initiation of the restoration process (“lending bank”). Here a generic agent-based ecological-economic simulation model is developed to explore the cost-effectiveness of savings and lending banks. The economic model compartment considers spatially heterogeneous and dynamic conservation costs and time preferences in the landowners. The ecological compartment considers uncertainty in the duration and the success of restoration process, and in the metapopulation dynamics of a species described by the rates of local population extinction and the colonisation of empty habitat patches. By this the widely used offset metric of “habitat hectares” is replaced by “metapopulation viability” which is commonly used in conservation biology. It turns out that whether credits should be awarded at the initiation or with completion of restoration depends on the ecological and economic circumstances. Larger colonisation and extinction rates, e.g., tend to favour the awarding of credits with the initiation of habitat restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic effects of environmental factors and phenology on forest structure: Tracking the ecological processes","authors":"Manas R. Mohanta ,&nbsp;H.S. Suresh ,&nbsp;Sudam C. Sahu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous studies have demonstrated the significance of climatic and edaphic conditions in regulating the species composition and forest structure. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the ecological processes that are brought about by phenological expression and regeneration. This study postulates that phenology, regeneration, and species dominance are a sequence of intermediary processes through which environmental conditions affect forest structure. In a dry deciduous forest of Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR), India, we analysed the relationships between various environmental characteristics, phenological parameters, seedling density, sapling density, and tree density using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The study revealed an immediate association between climate and leafing (Path Coefficient: -0.67; T: 9.374; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), flowering (Path Coefficient: -0.61; T: 2.981; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), and fruiting (Path Coefficient: -0.67; T: 3.51; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The sequential association between seedling and sapling density and forest structure was also significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.5). However, these were found to have no direct link with phenology (<em>T</em> &lt; 1; <em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) which has been assumed to be the outcome of anthropogenic activities in the forest having an impact on the system. Comparatively, synchrony of fruit senescence and synchrony of flowering were the principal events that supported regeneration more than others, each accounting for 79 % and 74 % of their data, respectively. On the other hand, the monthly minimum temperature (contributing 97 % of data) was a key contribution to the principal component (PC1) and was primarily responsible for triggering the phenological cycle. Most of the important phenophases were seasonal (Rayleigh's Z varied from 10.93 to 50.01; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) except the fruit initiation (Rayleigh's <em>Z</em> = 0.48; <em>p</em> = 0.2). Most of the species (72 % of all species) had regeneration densities that were corresponding to their competitive scores. Similarly, density of adult tree species proportionated with their density in regeneration stage (sapling and seedling), supporting the research hypothesis. However, several deviant species suggested that the system was affected by a wide range of other factors. This is the first study of its kind to evaluate the critical ecological processes together, and recommends further investigation across different woodland ecosystems to deepen understanding of forest functioning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of keystone species in a quantitative network perspective based on stable isotopes","authors":"Ruijing Yang ,&nbsp;Minquan Feng ,&nbsp;Zimeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xuyan Wang ,&nbsp;Zili Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The analysis of keystone species based on network structure has increasingly emphasized the significance of quantitative food webs. In this study, Zhangze Lake was chosen as the research subject, and assigned a weighted index to each index by creatively combined isotope techniques with topological important and uniqueness theories, then united centrality theory. Next, various scales of indices were used to examine the importance of each nutrient in the food web, the correlation between the ordering and distribution across indices, and the difference in time. This study revealed that the centrality of phytoplankton was significantly higher in April compared to July. Both of the monthly unique species in this ecosystem were planktivorous feeders, while the keystone species serving as higher consumers were identified to be <em>Exopalaemon modestus</em>. The ranking results of the indices other than the weighted closeness centrality and weighted betweenness centrality showed consistency. Additionally, the distributions of the weighted indices differed significantly from their corresponding unweighted indices, with the weighted centrality indices being more similar to the out-degree ordering and more strongly correlated in April. When only strong interactions between species were considered, there was a negative correlation found between species centrality and uniqueness. Through the quantitative construction of a diet proportion food web model, combined with multiple indices, we have provided a practical solution for holistically and quantitatively identifying key species, thus aiding in the accurate and effective protection of biodiversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological traits are associated with the prevalence of IGP modules in empirical food webs","authors":"Yijun Ren ,&nbsp;Ying Gong ,&nbsp;Yue Yu ,&nbsp;Xinghao Chen ,&nbsp;Langqin Yu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exploring how food webs are assembled from basic modules is charming and crucial for understanding how communities are self-organized. As one of the basic modules, intraguild predation (IGP) consists of a prey being consumed by both an intermediate and a top predator, with the former also being consumed by the latter (thus encompassing both predation and competition). This interaction has been shown to govern food web stability, and therefore underpin the organization of network structures. While some studies have been made in understanding the factors and mechanisms behind the prevalence of IGP modules in food webs, the specific role of food web topological structures in relation to these modules remains largely unexplored and is not well understood. Here, 103 food webs were analyzed, and we found that the number of modules in each food web was largely determined by taxon richness and connectance. After controlling richness and connectance, the specific scale-free pattern and core-periphery structure of empirical food webs explains the higher prevalence of IGP modules in empirical food webs better than by chance. Lastly, the loss of taxa which supported large number of IGP modules would lead to serious damage to food web robustness, indicating the keystone role of these taxa in maintaining food web structure and stability. Our results provide new insight into the assembly of empirical food webs from the perspective of IGP modules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-lattice metapopulation model: Connecting corridor between patches may be harmful due to “hub effect”","authors":"Nariyuki Nakagiri ,&nbsp;Hiroki Yokoi ,&nbsp;Ayako Morishita ,&nbsp;Kei-ichi Tainaka","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many authors have reported the risk of habitat fragmentation and the importance of connecting corridors between subpopulations (patches). However, we report that the connection of corridors may be harmful to species conservation. The paper deals with the birth and death processes of a single species living in a network composed of three patches. The disturbance due to a changing environment is assumed to affect only one patch. Two types of metapopulation models are applied. One is the lattice simulation model where we set a lattice as a patch. The other is based on metapopulation theory, which utilizes reaction-migration equations. The lattice simulation reveals that the connecting corridor between patches may be disadvantageous; the complete graph or a network with fully connected corridors is found not to be optimal for species conservation. Similar results are indicated by the application of metapopulation theory. We discuss the relationship between the risk of corridor construction and the effect of the hub patch.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An individual-based movement model for contacts between mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)","authors":"Kelsey Gritter ,&nbsp;Maria Dobbin ,&nbsp;Evelyn Merrill ,&nbsp;Mark Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contacts between individuals are key for the spread of infectious disease. Although essential to understanding disease spread, contact rates are difficult to predict, based simply on population demographics in wildlife populations, because contact rates depend upon environmental features as well as the nature of social interactions within and between groups of individuals. We developed a detailed, behaviorally structured, individual-based model (IBM) in Netlogo to simulate contacts between- and within-groups of individual mule deer (<em>Odocoileus hemionus</em>), a species particularly susceptible to chronic wasting disease. The model tracks contacts (defined as two individuals coming within five meters of one another), recorded as between- or within-group depending on the social group membership of the two individuals (dyad). We parameterized the model with data from mule deer with global positioning systems (GPS) collars in east-central Alberta, Canada. Individuals move according to habitat preferences, home range attraction, and grouping behaviours. Animals were tracked at two-hour time steps and were modelled as selecting locations relative to preferred resources based on sex-specific integrated step-selection functions (iSSFs) with steps biased toward a home range centroid. Total within-group contacts increased with group size and were sensitive to changes in movement cohesion of the group and movement persistence, particularly movement cohesion. Total between-group contacts were sensitive only to the number of groups. We compared model predictions for where the locations of deer contacts occurred against an existing statistical model for the relative contact probabilities (RCP) on the same landscape (Dobbin et al. 2023). Predicted locations of deer contacts generally were consistent with higher predicted RCP values. When disease transmission is a function of contact rate, the model can be used to assess the interaction between model components (e.g., movement rates, grouping rules, home ranges, animal densities) and the spatial distribution of key natural and artificial resources that may attract deer and potentially increase disease spread.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1476945X24000102/pdfft?md5=f739322e1d0e2587bd4ae3bce42c6f5d&pid=1-s2.0-S1476945X24000102-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140649865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving division of labor in a response threshold model","authors":"José F. Fontanari ,&nbsp;Viviane M. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Paulo R.A. Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2024.101083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The response threshold model explains the emergence of division of labor (i.e., task specialization) in an unstructured population by assuming that the individuals have different propensities to work on different tasks. The incentive to attend to a particular task increases when the task is left unattended and decreases when individuals work on it. Here we derive mean-field equations for the stimulus dynamics and show that they exhibit complex attractors through period-doubling bifurcation cascades when the noise disrupting the thresholds is small. In addition, we show how the fixed threshold can be set to ensure specialization in both the transient and equilibrium regimes of the stimulus dynamics. However, a complete explanation of the emergence of division of labor requires that we address the question of where the threshold variation comes from, starting from a homogeneous population. We then study a structured population scenario, where the population is divided into a large number of independent groups of equal size, and the fitness of a group is proportional to the weighted mean work performed on the tasks during a fixed period of time. Using a winner-take-all strategy to model group competition and assuming an initial homogeneous metapopulation, we find that a substantial fraction of workers specialize in each task, without the need to penalize task switching.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50559,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Complexity","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140649866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}