Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss: Interconnected Challenges and Priority Measures","authors":"ِAbdelfattah Badr, Hanaa Rl-Shazly","doi":"10.21608/cat.2024.340596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2024.340596","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505578,"journal":{"name":"Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Ruderal Vegetation Dynamics and Site Factors in Managed Habitats of North East Cairo, Egypt","authors":"Monier Abdelghnai, Ethar A. Hussein","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.244825.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.244825.1222","url":null,"abstract":"In two new urban cities established in the Egyptian eastern desert, the floristic/soil relationship of representative habitats were evaluated. Overall, sixty-six plots were surveyed and thirteen soil parameters were analyzed in four principle habitats (house gardens, lawn lands, waste grounds and bordering desert) from inner cities toward outskirts. Generally, 138 cultivated plants, 63 weed species, 44 xerophytic plants and 4 wild shrubs and trees represented the main flora with total number of 249 plant species. The greatest diverse habitat was the lawn lands (173 species), house gardens (143 species), then bordering desert (62 species) and the waste grounds (39 species). Sixteen plant communities were recognized in the four habitats under investigation, and their controlling environmental variables were analyzed. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) yielded analogous pattern to that of the Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), confirming that clay, pH, organic matter, bicarbonates and calcium are highly associated with weed/cultivated plant communities in the human-disturbed habitats; whereas, pH, organic matter, potassium and chlorides are highly associated with the halo/helophytes communities in the waste grounds, and clay-sand gradient with the xerophytes communities in the bordering desert.","PeriodicalId":505578,"journal":{"name":"Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139182272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Family Bibionidae (Diptera: Nematocera) in Egypt and Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. El-Hawagry, Ahmed Soliman, M. Abdel-Dayem, Rabab M. El-Hady, H. A. Al Dhafer","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.231019.1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.231019.1192","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a comprehensive catalog of all known taxa of the family Bibionidae in Egypt and Saudi Arabia is provided. A total of seven species, belonging to two genera, Bibio Geoffroy, 1762, and Dilophus Meigen, 1800, are systematically documented. Among these species, three are found in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia, namely, B. hortulanus (Linnaeus, 1758), D. lingens Loew, 1869, and D. tridentatus Walker, 1848. However, three species are exclusive to Egypt, namely, B. johannis (Linnaeus, 1767), D. aegyptius Costa, 1878, and D. tenuis Wiedemann, 1818. Additionally, one species, D. erythraeus Bezzi, 1906, is solely represented in Saudi Arabia. Notably, this study records the first-time occurrence of two species, B. hortulanus (Linnaeus) and D. erythraeus Bezzi, in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, it also reports the first-time occurrence of B. johannis (Linnaeus) in Egypt. This study includes an up-to-date taxonomy of the recorded species, along with relevant taxonomic data, global and local distribution information, collection dates, and color photographs of selected species. These findings contribute to the knowledge of Bibionidae in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia and serve as a valuable resource for future research in the field.","PeriodicalId":505578,"journal":{"name":"Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139186628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Resistance Chemical Inducers Against Anthracnose on Cucumber and Pepper Plants","authors":"E. El-Sharkawy, Ahmed ElSharawy","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.242872.1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.242872.1216","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effects of boric acid (BA), ascorbic acid (ASA), and salicylic acid (SA) as chemical inducers on the linear growth and sporulation of Colletotrichum orbiculare and Colletotrichum acutatum using cucumber and pepper plants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of SA-treated samples at concentrations of 5mM and 2.5mM against C. orbiculare and C. acutatum , respectively, revealed noticeable deformations, shrinkage, and collapse. Under greenhouse conditions, the efficacy of SA on disease severity index (DSI%) was evaluated, with the Super zad cucumber hybrid F1 cultivar displaying a disease severity of 19.7%, followed by the Rania cucumber hybrid F1 cultivar at 27.57%. In pepper plants, SA treatment demonstrated reduced DSI of anthracnose in both the hot pepper ES 752 F1 and pepper super Ammar F1 cultivars compared to the control treatment. Additionally, SA treatment significantly elevated the levels of non-enzymatic substances, such as free phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, and total protein, as well as the activities of antioxidative enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenol-oxidase) in both cucumber and pepper cultivars when compared to the controls.","PeriodicalId":505578,"journal":{"name":"Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139186447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Production of Xylanase and Other Enzymes from Tomato Paste through Solid-State Fermentation Using Bacillus safensis MABS6","authors":"Amal Hassan Alshawi","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.242486.1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.242486.1215","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to establish a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for the production of enzymes, including xylanase, exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), cellulase (CMCase), and α-amylase, using tomato pomace through solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Bacillus safensis . Kinetic studies revealed that xylanase and exo-PG exhibited their peak activities early in the fermentation process, reaching approximately 110 IU/mL and 70 IU/mL, respectively. In contrast, CMCase and α-amylase activities remained relatively constant, maintaining average levels of 19.8 IU/mL and 22.4 IU/mL throughout the fermentation process. Further investigations in a plate-type bioreactor unveiled the significant impact of aeration on enzyme activities. Aeration positively enhanced the activities of xylanase and CMCase, while it had an inverse effect on exo-PG and α-amylase activities. The focus of our study was to establish the optimal conditions for xylanase production, given its versatility and industrial value. The highest productivity was achieved at a pH of 5 and a temperature of 50 °C. Additionally, the presence of Mg+2 ions positively influenced enzymatic activity, whereas the presence of Hg +2 and Cu +2 ions acted as strong inhibitors. Furthermore, our results demonstrated the remarkable resilience and stability of xylanase across a wide pH range (pH 3-12) and temperatures (30 °C to 60 °C). Overall, these findings contribute to the development of greener enzyme production strategies and provide valuable insights into their widespread applicability across various industrial sectors","PeriodicalId":505578,"journal":{"name":"Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Xylanase Production from Bacillus safensis MABS6 using Sorghum Straw Substrate: Optimization, Characterization, and Biotechnological Applications","authors":"Amal Hassan Al-Shawi","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.239574.1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.239574.1209","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the synthesis of xylanase enzyme by Bacillus safensis MABS6 using sorghum straw as a substrate. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to optimize xylanase yield by examining various parameters such as sorghum concentration, inoculum size, culture age, pH, temperature, and agitation speed. Additionally, the impact of nutritional additives, metallic ions, organic solvents, and alkaline H 2 O 2 treatment on xylanase production and activity was explored. Experimental trials were performed with specific parameters, including 4% w/v sorghum concentration, 2% inoculum size, 12 hours of culture age, pH 7, 35°C, and 250 rpm. Further improvements involved the addition of nutritional additives such as gelatin, xylose, and potassium nitrate. The effects of initial conditions, various metallic ions (Ca 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Fe 3+ ), and organic solvents (2-methyl propanol, methanol, and ethanol) on xylanase activity were evaluated. Additionally, saccharification investigations with a 4% alkaline H2O2 treatment assessed the enzymatic hydrolysis of sorghum straw. Optimized conditions resulted in a significant increase, with xylanase production reaching 3.49%. The partially purified xylanase exhibited over 60% relative activity within a pH range of 6 to 9 and demonstrated more than 55% activity between 45°C to 65°C after 1 hour. Certain metallic ions and organic solvents further enhanced xylanase activity. Notably, the xylanase derived from Bacillus safensis MABS6, utilizing sorghum straw, showcased desirable characteristics such as heat stability, alkali-solvent stability, and absence of cellulase activity. Its potential as a biocatalyst makes it valuable for various biotechnological applications, particularly in the efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of sorghum straw.","PeriodicalId":505578,"journal":{"name":"Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra®) on Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Adult Male Albino Rat: caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expressions.","authors":"Diaa El-Dein El Hennawi, Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed El Tabbakh, Ahmed Abdelrehem, Amina Dessouki","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.238196.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.238196.1205","url":null,"abstract":"Like all human senses, the sense of olfaction (smell) plays an important role in person’s life. The sense of smell serves as a first warning signal, warning to the smoke of a fire, spoiled food, or the odor of a natural gas leak or dangerous fumes. Olfactory mucosa is a component of nervous system which regenerate throughout person's lifetime. Dysfunction of olfactory sensitivity may be a side effect of chronic use of high sildenafil doses. Sildenafil is oral drug effective for erectile dysfunction in men, and approximately 20% of patients complain about nasal congestion after sildenafil administration. Aim of this study was to evaluate effect of long-term sildenafil administration on rat olfactory mucosa. Forty-five male albino rats were divided into three equal groups, group I kept as control. Rats in groups II and III received sildenafil citrate orally at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively for three months. At the end, olfactory mucosa removed, fixed in proper fixations for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and SEM. Results revealed that rats treated with high dose of sildenafil revealed loss of smell as well as alteration of histological pictures, immunohistochemical staining of apoptotic markers and SEM of olfactory mucosa while the rats in group II revealed normal sense of olfaction and normal histology of olfactory mucosa. In conclusion, chronic use of 100 mg sildenafil citrate led to olfactory dysfunction through stimulation of iNOS and Caspase 3 apoptotic markers whereas low dose needs further investigation and may introduce a prospective therapy for a post COVID 19 dysfunction .","PeriodicalId":505578,"journal":{"name":"Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"81 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Halophytes' Adaptation to High Salinity Environments: Implications for Enhancing Plant Salinity Tolerance","authors":"Randa Mohamed, Waleed Khalil, Mohamed Zaghloul","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.327080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.327080","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity stress poses a significant challenge to plant growth and agricultural productivity worldwide. However, certain plant species, known as halophytes, have evolved remarkable adaptive mechanisms to thrive in high salinity environments. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of halophytes holds great potential for enhancing salinity tolerance in non-halophytic crop plants. This review aims to explore the adaptive strategies employed by halophytes to cope with salinity stress and their implications for improving plant salinity tolerance. Physiological adaptations of halophytes include mechanisms to regulate ion homeostasis, maintain osmotic balance, and minimize water loss under high salinity conditions. These adaptations involve the accumulation of compatible solutes, such as proline and glycine betaine, as well as the compartmentalization of toxic ions in vacuoles. Halophytes also exhibit efficient antioxidant systems to counteract oxidative stress induced by salt accumulation. At the molecular level, halophytes employ a range of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to regulate gene expression and enhance salt tolerance. These mechanisms include the activation of stress-responsive transcription factors, modulation of ion transporters and channels, and epigenetic modifications that alter chromatin structure and gene expression patterns. Recent advancements in molecular techniques, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, have provided valuable insights into the complex regulatory networks involved in halophyte salt tolerance. Harnessing the knowledge gained from halophyte adaptation mechanisms can offer promising prospects for improving the salinity tolerance of economically important crop plants. Genetic engineering and breeding approaches can be employed to introduce or enhance the expression of key salt tolerance genes in non-halophytic species. Additionally, the identification and utilization of halophyte-derived salt tolerance traits through conventional breeding strategies hold great potential for developing salt-tolerant crop varieties. Therefore, the investigation of halophytes' physiological and molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance provides valuable insights into the intricate strategies employed by plants to adapt and thrive in high salinity environments. The knowledge gained from these studies can be harnessed to enhance the salinity tolerance of non-halophytic crop plants, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture in salinity-affected regions.","PeriodicalId":505578,"journal":{"name":"Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}