Electric Power Systems Research最新文献

{"title":"Multi-level design optimization of cylindrical linear permanent magnet synchronous generator for wave energy conversion","authors":"Chunyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Su ,&nbsp;Bao-lin Ye ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Rui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a multi-level optimization approach to optimize cylindrical permanent magnet linear synchronous generator (PMLSG) which is employed in a wave power take-off system. To improve the market competitiveness of wave energy compared to other renewable energy sources, power density, thrust ripple, and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the Induced electromotive force (EMF) are chosen to be optimization objectives in the design process of the PMLSG. Firstly, the finite element analysis model of PMLSG is established based on the initial design theory of the permanent magnet linear machine, and the comprehensive sensitivity indicts are calculated based on the optimization objective, and the parameters are categorized into non-sensitivity, middle-sensitivity, and strong-sensitivity for the sensitivity to optimization objectives. Secondly, multi-level design optimization method is employed, and different optimization methods are used for different sensitive parameters. The non-sensitivity parameters keep the original design value, the middle-sensitive parameters are adopted the parametric analysis method, and strong-level sensitive parameters are optimized by NSGA-II. Then, a prototype was manufactured according to the optimization results. Finally, the accuracy of the PMLSG design is verified at constant speed. The wave parameters (wave height, frequency) are simulated by MTS100kN testing machine, and the experiment shows that the wave energy can be effectively converted into electric energy at random motion, and proved the correctness of the PMLSG design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method for jointly monitoring household flexibility resources considering multiple correlations","authors":"Xiaolei Hu,&nbsp;Qingquan Luo,&nbsp;Tao Yu,&nbsp;Wenlong Guo,&nbsp;Yipeng Wang,&nbsp;Zhenning Pan,&nbsp;Minhang Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although demand response is vital for managing distribution networks with substantial renewable energy, accurately monitoring behind-the-meter flexibility resources remains challenging for developing precise household response plans. To address this, we propose a novel method for jointly monitoring household flexibility resources. The unified monitoring framework comprehensively explores the correlations between environmental factors and flexibility resources, as well as among these resources. It better addresses the complex usage behaviors of adjustable appliances and the high variability of rooftop photovoltaics while reducing computational complexity in monitoring multiple resources. The proposed multi-task learning model integrates a synergistic mechanism of shared feature extraction and task-specific adaptation. It first employs a transformer-based module to capture cross-task temporal features that integrate electrical and environmental correlations. A gated network then adaptively selects relevant features for each resource, which are processed by tower networks to capture long-term patterns and short-term variations. Additionally, we introduce quantile values of flexibility resources as monitoring targets to guide the model in learning power distribution, enabling more precise demand response plans. Experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods in monitoring various flexibility resources within and across households on public datasets. Furthermore, ablation experiments and model complexity analysis highlight the effectiveness of our method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSOA-optimized FOFPID controller for frequency stability of distributed power system under the influence of cyber-attacks","authors":"Sasmita Padhy ,&nbsp;Preeti Ranjan Sahu ,&nbsp;Rajendra Kumar Khadanga ,&nbsp;Yogendra Arya ,&nbsp;Sidhartha Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A distributed power system operating independently, with low inertia, high distributed energy resources penetration, intermittency from solar and wind causes sudden power imbalances. Also the open network communication channels in the isolated hybrid power system make the system more vulnerable to disturbances and cyber-attacks. The fluctuation in frequency due to load change or cyber-attack in distributed energy system and the load frequency control (LFC) signal affects all other energy sources and performance of the system gets affected. Cyber-security attacks encompass denial of service (DOS) attacks which cause signal unavailability. In data integrity attacks (DIA), signals are altered with noise, posing a significant threat to the stability of the entire network. This paper aims to investigate the challenges of cyber-security associated with distributed generation systems and thereby presenting an effective control method to mitigate the impact of cyber-attacks. The control strategy involves a robust fractional order fuzzy proportional integral derivative (FOFPID) controller integrated with advanced optimization technique i.e., Modified Snake Optimization Algorithm (MSOA) to protect the renewable integrated isolated hybrid power system. The distributed power generation system with DOS and DIA are modeled and analyzed to realize the repercussions of system instability and performance degradation. Controllers like PID, fuzzy PID, and FOFPID tuned with MSOA are demonstrated in this work. The suggested approach is validated through simulations of a distributed generation system under various case studies. The DOS is first applied with photovoltaic (PV), wind, and both PV-wind signals and then DIA is introduced in the LFC signal. The study further incorporates stability analysis, impact of delays in renewable generation on system stability, and sensitivity analysis. The results clearly demonstrate the superior performance of the presented controller over PID and FPID controllers. The recommended controller effectively maintains the system stability and minimizes the degradation in the performance and ensures secure operation during and after the severe cyber-attacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cybersecurity in maritime power systems: A comprehensive review of cyber threats and mitigation techniques","authors":"V.T. Mai ,&nbsp;Ardashir Mohammadzadeh ,&nbsp;Khalid A. Alattas ,&nbsp;Hamid Taghavifar ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Ghaderpour","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integration of communication networks and Shipboard Microgrids (SHMGs) brings significant benefits in the advanced control, monitoring, and remote diagnostics, particularly facilitating the data exchange between various generation components, such as sustainable energy resources, energy storage systems, and connected loads. However, the utilization of communication technologies brings serious cyber-security challenges that highly threaten maritime power systems from a security and stability perspective. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of cybersecurity issues in marine power systems. Vulnerable points of the system to cyber-attacks, such as phasor measurement units and area control error channels are elaborated. Prevalent attacks in the load frequency control, such as denial of service and false data injection, covert attacks, and reply attacks are discussed. Recent detection/mitigation mechanisms in the cybersecurity field to tackle various cyber-attacks have been introduced. In the detection part, various observers, such as the Kalman filter, Luenberger observer, and machine learning algorithms are studied. In the mitigation mechanism, various methodologies, such as active disturbance rejection control and model predictive control are presented. This survey reviews the recent cyber-security developments and challenges in SHMG, and it is helpful for contemporary researchers in the field of cybersecurity in maritime power systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on carrier modulation algorithm for a three level four-leg microgrid inverter based on zero sequence component injection","authors":"Yu Tao ,&nbsp;Hu Yue ,&nbsp;Qiu Xiaochu ,&nbsp;Li Xinrong","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inverter is a critical interface for microgrids, pivotal in the new power system amidst the push for “Carbon Neutrality.” The modulation strategy is essential for ensuring stable operation for power electronic inverters, significantly influencing performance metrics. In this article, a carrier based pulse width modulation (CBPWM) algorithm with zero-sequence component injected based on conventional SVPWM is proposed for a three level four-leg inverter. The method uses synthesized space vectors in SVPWM to compute the modulating waveforms required for CBPWM, which solves the complexity of sector condition determination and the tediousness of switching vector action time computation in the conventional four-leg inverter SVPWM algorithm where vectors space is three-dimensional space. The proposed algorithm simplifies the calculation. When the output frequency is 50 Hz and the TMS320F28335 DSP is used as the controller, compared to SVPWM, CBPWM remarkably reduces the computational time by approximately 95%. By eliminating the sector division in the proposed method, the THD of the output voltage of the inverter decreases to different degrees under different load conditions, especially for resistive-inductive loads, the proposed method reduces the THD of output voltage of the inverter exceed 2%. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A few-shot learning model for renewable energy transmission fault diagnosis in tunnels","authors":"Zhuofan Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Cai ,&nbsp;Chiagoziem C. Ukwuoma ,&nbsp;Qi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The buried high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technology has been successfully applied in domestic projects, addressing challenges such as extreme cold, seismic activity, and high altitudes. However, existing fault diagnosis methods face two main issues: insufficient fault data samples and difficulty in diagnosing multiple or coupled faults. To address these, this paper proposes and optimizes a Siamese neural network-based fault diagnosis model using limited data. The study simulates six fault types, including coupled fault scenarios. Compared to other models, the proposed model achieves an accuracy of over 90 %, while CNN and deep belief network models achieve 75 % and 60 %, respectively. In coupled fault scenarios, the proposed model maintains an accuracy of 93 %, demonstrating its effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interpretable short-term electrical load forecasting model based on SHapley Additive exPlanations——A case study in Haidian, Beijing","authors":"Jialin Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Yu ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Guisheng Dai ,&nbsp;Gaoju Dai ,&nbsp;Wenjun Liu ,&nbsp;Na He ,&nbsp;Pingping Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhaoyin Yin ,&nbsp;Zhihua Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, with the rapid development of modern society, the demand for electric power is booming. Accurate forecasting of electrical peak load is crucial for maintaining a stable electricity supply. This study developed daily electrical peak load forecasting models for Haidian by statistical (Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression, SMLR) and machine learning (Extreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator-Extreme Gradient Boosting, LASSO-XGBoost) algorithms under two scenarios, and conducted an interpretability analysis on the optimal models to quantify the contributions of the critical features for daily electrical peak load through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Partial Dependence Relationship (PDR) analysis. The results showed that XGBoost and LASSO-XGBoost achieved superior predictive accuracy (<em>R</em>²&gt;0.93), compared with SMLR model. Meteorological factors, past electricity peak load, and holiday parameter were critical features for peak load forecast: Peak load in Haidian was significantly influenced by the \"weekend effect\", which was notably lower on holidays compared to workdays. Sensible temperature was the most critical meteorological factor for peak load, which increased rapidly when it exceeded 29.5°C. Electricity load exhibited short-term temporal dependence, and previous peak loads were also important contributors to the prediction result. Our results provided valuable insights for the electricity sector in formulating strategies for electricity production and dispatching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-aware peer-to-peer energy trading within virtual power plants under networked constraints","authors":"Xiaotong Ji ,&nbsp;Luhao Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyue Jin ,&nbsp;Yueyang Li ,&nbsp;Sirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zipeng Wang ,&nbsp;Kezhen Han","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual Power Plants enable decentralized prosumers to participate in power system operations. However, the geographical dispersion and heterogeneity of prosumers may lead to violations of networked constraints and higher carbon emissions. This paper addresses these challenges by developing a carbon-aware peer-to-peer energy trading approach within VPPs under networked constraints. First, a green matching trading mechanism is presented to sort and match orders from prosumers based on low-carbon energy priorities. Second, a built-in load vector matrix is integrated into a P2P energy trading model to determine the feasibility boundaries for trading among prosumers, which are coordinated to respond to scheduling commands from VPPs in a distributed manner. Third, a scaled alternating direction method of multipliers is used to solve the proposed model, in which networked constraints are rewritten as the augmented Lagrangian terms. The approach dynamically updates trading orders on an hourly basis, with results from each period influencing subsequent trading strategies. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms traditional methods by achieving faster convergence and reducing VPPs’ costs, improving trading efficiency, optimizing resource allocation, and supporting low-carbon operations, offering a more effective framework for future energy markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analysis and assessment of DC-Link voltage control loop dynamics on the transient synchronization stability of grid-following converters","authors":"Chenyang Xie,&nbsp;Xinchun Lin,&nbsp;Huiqiang Sun,&nbsp;Juntian Wei,&nbsp;Jiayan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transient synchronization stability of grid-following voltage source converters has been extensively investigated, but most of the previous literature has only studied the transient dynamics of the phase-locked loop (PLL) while ignoring the dynamics of the DC-link voltage control (DVC) loop. When the bandwidths of the PLL and DVC are relatively close to each other, erroneous conclusions will be derived if neglecting the transient influence of the DVC loop. This paper first takes into account the transient dynamics of the DVC loop while applying the improved equal-area criterion (EAC) analysis, which reveals how the DVC loop affects the transient synchronization stability. Then, a fourth-order model considering the DVC dynamics is obtained to quantitatively determine a reasonable range of bandwidth and damping ratio for the DVC loop. Moreover, the extent of the influence of DVC on transient synchronization stability with variation of grid strength is analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing synchronization stability: Adaptive PLL implementation using double internal loop RNN in type-3 wind power systems","authors":"Anju M.,&nbsp;Shihabudheen K.V.,&nbsp;Mija S.J.","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Doubly fed induction generators (DFIG)-based wind turbines (WTs) are prevalent in modern power grids. However, they often encounter synchronization issues when connected to weak grids. Synchronization instability primarily arises from controller dynamics, particularly during a phase-locked loop (PLL) interface with a voltage source converter. This study investigates the influence of PLL control gains on grid synchronization and the characteristics of power system oscillations induced under weak grid conditions. Based on this analysis, a novel adaptive double internal loop recurrent neural network (DILRNN) is employed to adjust the PLL gains dynamically under various system conditions. A dynamic back-propagation learning algorithm is utilized to fine-tune the weights of the DILRNN. Moreover, dynamic (adaptive) learning rates are selected using the Lyapunov stability method to ensure faster convergence and enhance the stability of the control scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated under varying wind speeds, grid disturbances, faulty conditions, and torsional interactions resulting from the interplay between DFIG-based wind power systems and synchronous generators. A controller hardware in Loop (CHIL) simulation using OPALRT is conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed DILRNN-tuned PLL in enhancing synchronization stability. The findings showed that the adaptive PLL achieved an 80% reduction in power fluctuations and a 78% decrease in voltage variations under severe fault conditions as compared to those using conventional PLL designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 111735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}