Crops Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.3390/crops4020014

Alok Singh, Devendra Kumar, Donato Gemmati, R. Ellur, Ashutosh Singh, V. Tisato, D. Dwivedi, Sanjay Singh, Kishor Kumar, Nawaz Khan, A. Singh

{"title":"Investigating Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Rice Breeding from Association Mapping of 116 Accessions Using 64 Polymorphic SSR Markers","authors":"Alok Singh, Devendra Kumar, Donato Gemmati, R. Ellur, Ashutosh Singh, V. Tisato, D. Dwivedi, Sanjay Singh, Kishor Kumar, Nawaz Khan, A. Singh","doi":"10.3390/crops4020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4020014","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic variability in rice breeding programs plays a very crucial role. It provides an outstanding pool of superior alleles governing better agronomic and quality characters through association mapping. For a greater understanding of population structure, the genetic relationship among different rice lines is indispensable prior to the setting of a correlation among dynamic alleles and traits. In the present investigation, the genetic diversity and population structure of 116 rice accessions were studied to understand genetic relatedness and diversity among them using 64 polymorphic SSR markers. A genotyping assessment based on SSR markers revealed a total of 225 alleles, with an average PIC value of 0.755. The germplasm lines were classified into three distinct subgroups through population structure analysis, utilizing both model- and distance-based approaches. AMOVA analysis showed that 11% of the total variation could be attributed to differences between groups, while the remaining 89% was likely due to differences within groups. This study suggested that population structure and genetic relatedness should be considered to establish marker–trait associations for association mapping when working with the core collection of germplasm lines.","PeriodicalId":505308,"journal":{"name":"Crops","volume":"50 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Plant Growth Regulator SPGP4 in Agricultural Crops: A Case Study in Oaxaca, México 评估植物生长调节剂 SPGP4 在农作物中的应用：墨西哥瓦哈卡案例研究

Crops Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.3390/crops4020013

G. N. Lopez-Castillo, Arnoldo Wong-Villareal, Judith Castellanos-Moguel, Gilberto Vela Correa, S. Cabrera-Hilerio, Mariana Miranda-Arámbula, A. Carrasco-Carballo, Jesús Sandoval-Ramírez

{"title":"Evaluation of the Plant Growth Regulator SPGP4 in Agricultural Crops: A Case Study in Oaxaca, México","authors":"G. N. Lopez-Castillo, Arnoldo Wong-Villareal, Judith Castellanos-Moguel, Gilberto Vela Correa, S. Cabrera-Hilerio, Mariana Miranda-Arámbula, A. Carrasco-Carballo, Jesús Sandoval-Ramírez","doi":"10.3390/crops4020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4020013","url":null,"abstract":"The search for new plant growth regulators is a cornerstone of agricultural research; however, laboratory studies rarely go on to be evaluated in the field. This is because greater production is required, as well as longer studies. Particularly, brassinosteroids present these difficulties, and although they have been evaluated in crops with good results, their high production cost gives rise to the search for new alternatives. 22-Oxocholestanes such as SPGP4, previously used in silico and in vitro studies, have shown great potential, so their evaluation in crops grown from native seeds from the study region becomes of interest. Based on these data, SPGP4 was evaluated under crop conditions in three agricultural plots located on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region, Oaxaca, México. The seeds were treated with a 0.5 mg/L aqueous solution of the 22-Oxocholestane compound SPGP4 by imbibition one night before sown. Later, 45 days after sowing, a solution of 0.5 mg/L at a rate of 200 L per hectare was applied. At the production level, the bean harvest showed an increase in the range of 21.0–38.1%, and the corn harvest increased between 22 and 32%. In addition, the latter also demonstrated an increase in biomass production, given the increase in diameter and height observed in the corn plant. This indicates that SPGP4 functions as a regulator of plant growth at the crop level to increase both seed and biomass production.","PeriodicalId":505308,"journal":{"name":"Crops","volume":"134 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141002806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hemp Seed Yield Responses to Nitrogen Fertility Rates 大麻籽产量对氮肥比率的响应

Crops Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/crops4020011

S. Podder, S. Shafian, Wade E. Thomason, T. B. Wilson, J. Fike

{"title":"Hemp Seed Yield Responses to Nitrogen Fertility Rates","authors":"S. Podder, S. Shafian, Wade E. Thomason, T. B. Wilson, J. Fike","doi":"10.3390/crops4020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4020011","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) holds promise as a crop for more sustainable supply chains given its potential as a source of high-strength fibers, adsorbents, and nutrient-dense feedstuffs. Developing nutrient management guidelines for hemp will be an important part of optimizing the crop’s sustainability attributes. This study measured hemp seed yield in response to N fertilization rate (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha−1). Treatments were tested with four hemp cultivars (‘Joey’ and ‘Grandi’ in 2020, 2021, and 2022 and ‘NWG 2463’ and ‘NWG 4113’ in 2023) in Virginia. Nitrogen input influenced (p ≤ 0.0177) seed yield in all four experimental years, although the pattern of response varied substantially. In 2020, following delayed seeding, hemp showed a weak quadratic (p = 0.0113) response to N inputs, with peak yield (1640 kg ha−1) occurring with 120 kg N ha−1. In 2021, hemp displayed a strong linear (p < 0.0001) response to N inputs, with the highest seed yield (2510 kg ha−1) at 240 kg N ha−1. In 2022, a season characterized by low precipitation and high weed pressure, a weak, linear (p = 0.0111) response to the N rate was observed. The greatest seed yield (380 kg ha−1) was again observed with 240 kg N ha−1. In 2023, weed pressure remained an issue, but the response to N was strong and linear (p < 0.0001), with the greatest seed yield (831 kg ha−1) again measured at 240 kg N ha−1. These findings indicate hemp can be quite responsive to N inputs but that the magnitude of response is sensitive to other factors such as available soil moisture, weed pressure, and growing period.","PeriodicalId":505308,"journal":{"name":"Crops","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Seed Morphology-Related Traits in Sorghum Mini-Core and Senegalese Lines 高粱小核心品系和塞内加尔品系种子形态相关性状的全基因组关联研究

Crops Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/crops4020012

E. Ahn, Sunchung Park, Zhenbin Hu, Vishnutej Ellur, Minhyeok Cha, Yoonjung Lee, L. Prom, Clint W. Magill

引用次数: 1

Development of Algorithm for Determining N Fertiliser Requirements of Winter Wheat Based on N Status Using APSIM Modelling 利用 APSIM 模型开发基于氮状况确定冬小麦氮肥需求量的算法

Crops Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.3390/crops4020010

I. Vogeler, Uttam Kumar, Leif Knudsen, E. Hansen, Val Snow, I. Thomsen

{"title":"Development of Algorithm for Determining N Fertiliser Requirements of Winter Wheat Based on N Status Using APSIM Modelling","authors":"I. Vogeler, Uttam Kumar, Leif Knudsen, E. Hansen, Val Snow, I. Thomsen","doi":"10.3390/crops4020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4020010","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of optimum nitrogen (N) fertilisation rates, which maximise yields and minimise N losses, remains problematic due to unknown upcoming crop requirements and near-future supply by the soil. Remote sensing can be used for determining the crop N status and to assess the spatial variability within a field or between fields. This can be used to improve N fertilisation, provided that the optimal fertilisation rate at the time of fertiliser application for an expected yield is known. Using the APSIM-wheat model, we developed an algorithm that relates the N status of the plants at early development stages to the yield response to N. Simulations were performed for winter wheat under growth conditions in Denmark. To obtain a range of different N status in the biomass at early growth stages, the soil N in autumn was varied from 20 to 180 kg N ha−1, and at BBCH23, fertiliser was applied at a rate of 50 kg N ha−1. In a full factorial setup, additional N fertiliser was applied ranging from 0 to 150 kg N ha−1 during three different development stages (BBCH30, 32, and 37). The algorithm was evaluated by comparing model outputs with a standard N application of 50 kg N ha−1 at BBCH23 and 150 kg N ha−1 at BBCH30. The evaluation showed that, depending on the N status of the soil, the algorithm either provided higher or lower optimal N fertilisation rates when targeting 95% of the maximum yield, and these affected the grain yield and the grain N, as well as the amount of N leaching. Split application of fertiliser into three applications was generally beneficial, with decreased product-related N leaching of up to nearly 30%. Further testing of the model under different environmental conditions is needed before such an algorithm can be used to guide N fertilisation.","PeriodicalId":505308,"journal":{"name":"Crops","volume":"273 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth Pattern Using High Spatial Resolution Images: A Case Study at Lakehead Agriculture Research Station, Thunder Bay, Canada 利用高空间分辨率图像分析冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）的生长模式：加拿大桑德湾湖头农业研究站案例研究

Crops Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.3390/crops4020009

María V. Brenes Fuentes, Muditha K. Heenkenda, T. S. Sahota, Laura Segura Serrano

{"title":"Analyzing Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth Pattern Using High Spatial Resolution Images: A Case Study at Lakehead Agriculture Research Station, Thunder Bay, Canada","authors":"María V. Brenes Fuentes, Muditha K. Heenkenda, T. S. Sahota, Laura Segura Serrano","doi":"10.3390/crops4020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4020009","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing technology currently facilitates the monitoring of crop development, enabling detailed analysis and monitoring throughout the crop’s growing stages. This research analyzed the winter wheat growth dynamics of experimental plots at the Lakehead University Agricultural Research Station, Thunder Bay, Canada using high spatial and temporal resolution remote sensing images. The spectral signatures for five growing stages were prepared. NIR reflectance increased during the growing stages and decreased at the senescence, indicating healthy vegetation. The space–time cube provided valuable insight into how canopy height changed over time. The effect of nitrogen treatments on wheat did not directly influence the plant count (spring/autumn), and height and volume at maturity. However, the green and dry weights were different at several treatments. Winter wheat yield was predicted using the XGBoost algorithm, and moderate results were obtained. The study explored different techniques for analyzing winter wheat growth dynamics and identified their usefulness in smart agriculture.","PeriodicalId":505308,"journal":{"name":"Crops","volume":"35 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Potential of Cold Plasma-Based Seed Treatments in Legume–Rhizobia Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: A Review 基于冷等离子体的种子处理在豆科植物-根瘤菌共生固氮中的潜力：综述

Crops Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.3390/crops4010008

Dhanuja N. Abeysingha, Harleen K. Dhaliwal, Lihui Du, Chathuranga De Silva, Krzysztof Szczyglowski, M. Roopesh, M. Thilakarathna

引用次数: 0

Optimizing Soybean Crop Performance through the Integrated Application of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers: A Study on Alkaline Soil in Afghanistan 通过综合施用有机肥和化肥优化大豆作物表现：阿富汗碱性土壤研究

Crops Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.3390/crops4010007

Abdul Basir Turabi, Safiullah Habibi, Kifayatullah Kakar, Shafiqullah Aryan, Mohammad Daud Haidari, Sabqatullah Alipour

{"title":"Optimizing Soybean Crop Performance through the Integrated Application of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers: A Study on Alkaline Soil in Afghanistan","authors":"Abdul Basir Turabi, Safiullah Habibi, Kifayatullah Kakar, Shafiqullah Aryan, Mohammad Daud Haidari, Sabqatullah Alipour","doi":"10.3390/crops4010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4010007","url":null,"abstract":"The excess application of chemical fertilizer contributes to environmental pollution. Therefore, this study aims to explore the integrated use of animal manure and chemical fertilizer to identify a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to nitrogen fertilizer. Two experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at Kabul University, Afghanistan, using an LD04-13265 soybean variety. The integration of animal manure and chemical fertilizer was categorized into six treatments: (1) control (no fertilizer), (2) animal manure low dose (AMLD), (3) animal manure high dose (AMHD), (4) chemical fertilizer (CF), (5) CF 50% + AMLD, and (6) CF 75% + AMLD. The results revealed that AMHD and its integration with 75% chemical fertilizer greatly influenced the vegetative growth of soybean plants in experiments I and II. The number of pods per plant and pod length significantly (p < 0.05) increased under the CF 75% + AMLD treatment. In experiment I, soybean yield increased the most with the CF treatment, followed by CF 75% + AMLD. In contrast, in experiment II, the highest yield per hectare was observed in the CF 75% + AMLD treatment, followed by CF. The CF 75% + AMLD treatment significantly increased the SPAD value in both experiments. Consequently, a strong relationship was observed between the SPAD value and yield (r = 0.74) in experiment I and between SPAD and pod length (r = 0.82) in experiment II. Incorporating animal manure with chemical fertilizer significantly impacted soybean growth and yield, offering a potential possibility for reducing reliance on nitrogen fertilizer application to mitigate environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":505308,"journal":{"name":"Crops","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the Nutritional Composition of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Inflorescences, Green Leaves, and Grains 藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.）花序、绿叶和谷物营养成分的比较

Crops Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.3390/crops4010006

Safiullah M. Pathan, G. Ndunguru, Addissu G. Ayele

{"title":"Comparison of the Nutritional Composition of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Inflorescences, Green Leaves, and Grains","authors":"Safiullah M. Pathan, G. Ndunguru, Addissu G. Ayele","doi":"10.3390/crops4010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4010006","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritional composition of different parts of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), such as sprouts, green leaves, and grains, have previously been studied in detail. This study aimed to compare the nutritional values of quinoa inflorescences against those of quinoa leaves and grains. The assessment of nutritional composition includes crude protein, crude fat, fiber, ash, carbohydrates, essential amino acids, and minerals. The proximate analysis showed that on a dry weight (DW) basis, quinoa inflorescences contain higher amounts of protein, fiber, all essential amino acids, and minerals when compared to quinoa grains. However, quinoa green leaves have higher protein and fat contents than quinoa inflorescences, while retaining all essential amino acids and minerals. Inflorescences possess a higher fiber content and a lower fat content than green leaves and grains do. In this study, nutritional assessments of inflorescences typically ranked in the middle when compared to those of green leaves and grains. These findings emphasize the nutritional potential of quinoa inflorescences as prospective ingredients to develop healthy foods and supplements that provide health benefits beyond basic nutritional functions. Nevertheless, additional research is essential to confirm and substantiate these results.","PeriodicalId":505308,"journal":{"name":"Crops","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Growth of Elephant Ear Taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) and Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) in Hawai‘i 夏威夷象耳芋（Alocasia macrorrhiza）和大沼泽芋（Cyrtosperma merkusii）的生长比较

Crops Pub Date : 2024-02-18 DOI: 10.3390/crops4010005

Thathmini D. Kularatna, N. Arancon, Jesse A. Eiben

{"title":"Comparative Growth of Elephant Ear Taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) and Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) in Hawai‘i","authors":"Thathmini D. Kularatna, N. Arancon, Jesse A. Eiben","doi":"10.3390/crops4010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4010005","url":null,"abstract":"Alocasia macrorrhiza and Cyrtosperma merkusii are root crops in the family Araceae that have the potential to be grown as fodder plants in Hawai‘i. This research focused on growing C. merkusii and two varieties (Laufola and Faitama) of A. macrorrhiza to evaluate their growth and yield. A randomized complete block design was used to set up two growth trials in 2018 and 2019. Varieties were grown in pots in the first trial and directly on the ground in the second trial. Plant growth was measured weekly by the plant height and leaf area of the main plants. The weights of the leaf blades, petioles, and stems were taken as the yield. Lateral plants and their weights were also measured. The yield data at harvest were statistically analyzed with a one-way ANOVA in PROC GLM, and means were separated using a Post-hoc test, Least Significant Difference, at 5%. The influence of plant height, leaf area, number of leaves produced by main plants, number of lateral plants, and their total weight on yield were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The growth and yield of plants in the second trial were generally superior to those in the first trial, in which the Laufola variety had the highest growth increase in height and leaf area, followed by Faitama. Those varieties of A. macrorrhiza also had the highest yields. The Laufola variety had the greatest average yield, in kg/ha estimates of the stem (54,896 kg/ha), petiole (99,647 kg/ha), and leaf blades (25,563 kg/ha). Plant height, leaf area, and the number of leaves produced by the main plants had a strong positive influence on the yields. Laufola and Faitama varieties have better potential to be grown in Hilo, Hawai‘i.","PeriodicalId":505308,"journal":{"name":"Crops","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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