Environmental Research Communications最新文献

{"title":"Micrometeorological effects and thermal-environmental benefits of cool pavements: Findings from a detailed observational field study in Pacoima, California","authors":"Haider Taha","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a8e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a8e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cool pavements represent one of several strategies that can mitigate the effects of urban overheating by increasing albedo. By definition, this means increasing reflected and potentially re-absorbed short-wave radiation but also decreased surface and air temperatures and longwave upwelling, thus reducing radiant temperatures. So far, real-world studies have been inconclusive as to net effects from cool pavements. A project by GAF installed reflective pavements in Pacoima, California, in summer of 2022. This study set out to perform detailed, high spatiotemporal resolution, multi-platform observations to quantify micrometeorological benefits of the cool pavements and address concerns regarding glare, chemistry/air quality, and pedestrian thermal comfort. Results indicated large variability, as expected, but that the dominant effects were beneficial both in direct side-by-side, real-time comparisons (RT) between test and reference areas, as well as in difference-of-difference (DofD) to quantify local changes in test areas. During a heatwave in September 2022, maximum air-temperature differences (averaged over individual street segments) reached up to -1.9 °C RT in the afternoon. During non-heatwave, hot summer days, the largest street-segment-averaged afternoon air-temperature differences reached up to -1.4 °C RT or -2.8 °C DofD, and surface temperature up to -9.2 °C RT or -12.2 °C DofD. Whereas above values represent maximum effects, more typical street-segment averages also showed statistically significant benefits. In the afternoon, the mean of air-temperature differences was -0.2 °C RT and -1.2 °C DofD. The mean of surface-temperature differences was -2.6 °C RT and -4.9 °C DofD. Indicators of pedestrian thermal comfort also showed variability but predominantly a cooling effect. The mean of differences in mean radiant temperature was between -0.9 and -1.3 °C RT, and for physiological equivalent temperature, between -0.2 °C and -0.6 °C RT and -1.7 °C DofD. In terms of predicted mean vote, the mean of differences was -0.09 RT and -0.32 DofD.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the drought resilience of indigenous irrigation water systems: a case study of dry zone Sri Lanka","authors":"Romitha Wickramasinghe, Shinichiro Nakamura","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a90","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The wave of modernization and globalization in the last century has rapidly involved a technological paradigm shift from indigenous irrigation water systems to modern systems in arid regions. Despite interest in the drought resilience of indigenous water systems, the impact of this paradigm shift on drought resilience remains poorly understood because previous studies have focused on fixed irrigation water systems. To fill this gap, we investigated the drought resilience of an indigenous and modern irrigation water system that coexists in the drought-prone Mahaweli H region of the Sri Lankan dry zone. To explain drought resilience, we quantified the historical irrigation system performance (1985-2021) of both water systems using the water duty indicator (i.e., the volume of water required to cultivate a unit land area). The statistical Pettitt test was used to detect significant change points in the time series of water duty, and we divided the time line into few periods based on the change points. Furthermore, a quantitative trend analysis of several socio-hydrological variables and a qualitative analysis of their socio-hydrological backgrounds with triggers of water duty were conducted to explain drought resilience path dependency in modern and indigenous water systems. The results indicated a higher drought resilience is embedded in the indigenous system as the mean water duty increment in drought years compared to non-drought years is 16.4% for the indigenous system and 58.3% for the modern system. In addition, drought resilience pathways that elucidated by water duty change points also demonstrated that indigenous water system features a higher drought resilience compared to the modern water system. The findings of this comparative study can contribute to the design of drought resilience improvement strategies in arid region irrigation water systems in a more comprehensive manner.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spatiotemporal changes and trade-off synergistic effects of ecosystem services in the Jianghan Plain of China under different scenarios","authors":"Wei Ren, Xuesong Zhang, Hongjie Peng","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a8d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2a8d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Disturbance from human activities has intensified the evolution of ecosystem structure in the Jianghan Plain of China, leading to intensified conflicts between ecosystem services. It is essential to clarify the trade-off synergies between ecosystem services in the Jianghan Plain of China to better coordinate the economic and social development and ecological protection of the region. Based on historical data and scenario predictions using the GeoSOS-FLUS model, the InVEST model was applied to five key ecosystem services: Carbon storage, crop production, habitat quality, soil conservation and water yield from 2000 to 2020. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the trade-off synergies between different ecosystem services in space and time. The results showed that arable land and water land areas are the most important land types in the Jianghan Plain of China. From 2000 to 2020, the increase in build-up land and water land areas was accompanied by a decrease in arable land, forest land and unused land, and an increase in forest land. The natural development scenario in 2035 continues this trend except forest land reduction, while the ecological protection scenario reverses this trend. From 2000 to 2020, crop production, water yield, and soil conservation increased in the Jianghan Plain of China, while carbon storage and habitat quality declined significantly, showing a spatial distribution pattern of higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast. The comprehensive ecosystem services simulated in 2035 showed a downward trend compared with 2020, and the ecological protection scenario has the smallest decrease. There is an overall synergistic relationship between the five ecosystem services in the Jianghan Plain of China, and the strongest synergistic relationship is between soil conservation and water yield.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Will the Next Oil Spill Incident in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Occur?","authors":"Vremudia Onyeayana Wekpe, Malcolm Whitworth, Brian Baily","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad29b5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad29b5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Oil spill incidents are almost a daily occurrence within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with far reaching environmental, economic and social consequences. This study aimed at understanding the spatial and temporal context of the problem as a panacea for forecasting likely locations of oil spill incidents within the region. About 76.77% of crude oil spilt in the Niger Delta is lost to the environment with only about 23% of the crude oil recovered from the environment, this represents a very worrying statistic in terms of the known and unknown negative impacts of oil spills. Space Time Pattern Mining (STPM) tools were adapted to explore and interrogate historical spill data. Time series forecasting was then used for forecasting possible locations of future oil spills within the region. Results show that there is a pattern to oil spill occurrences in the Niger Delta with statistically significant hotspots identified in Rivers State, Bayelsa State and Delta State. Forecast root mean square error (RMSE) and forecast validation RMSE are -1.016328 and 1.035992 respectively. This suggests an ability of the model to fairly predict likely locations of future oil spills. This was further verified by counting the number of spills that occur within any area based on the predicted likelihood of spill occurrence. This study has shown that STPM tools can be deployed in understanding the occurrence and prediction of oil spill incidents. This will ultimately aid in the deployment of scarce management resources to where they are most needed.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"89 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of irrigation and fertilization on the emission factors and emission intensities of nitrous oxide in alkaline soil","authors":"Wenzhu Yang, Yongqin Jia, Youlin Hu, Yang Jie, Gu Peng, Jiao Yan","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad29b6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad29b6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Environmental damage attributed to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have received widespread attention. Agricultural sources release substantial amounts of N2O into the atmosphere. However, comparative studies on the effects of different irrigation and fertilization methods, namely, drip fertigation (a combination of fertilizing and irrigation), sprinkler fertigation, and traditional furrow irrigation with chemical fertilizer spraying, on N2O emissions in alkaline soil have been limited. Therefore, three-year in situ field observations were conducted to investigate the effect of these three irrigation and fertilization modes on N2O emissions using the static chamber method over the period 2015–2017. There are significant seasonal variations in soil N2O emission fluxes among alkaline soils under different fertilization and irrigation modes, with emissions peaking in July and August, but no significant difference in yearly variations. The N2O emission intensity of drip fertigation soil was 0.20 kg N t-1 year-1, of sprinkler fertigation soil was 0.38 kg N t-1 year-1, respectively, while of furrow irrigation was 0.91 kg N t-1 year-1, respectively. Moisture and temperature of soil were key factors driving the observed nitrous oxide variations. Compared with traditional furrow irrigation, drip and sprinkler fertigation significantly increased potato yield and decreased N2O emissions in alkaline soil, thus satisfying both yield and environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"118 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Will the Next Oil Spill Incident in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Occur?","authors":"Vremudia Onyeayana Wekpe, Malcolm Whitworth, Brian Baily","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad29b5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad29b5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Oil spill incidents are almost a daily occurrence within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with far reaching environmental, economic and social consequences. This study aimed at understanding the spatial and temporal context of the problem as a panacea for forecasting likely locations of oil spill incidents within the region. About 76.77% of crude oil spilt in the Niger Delta is lost to the environment with only about 23% of the crude oil recovered from the environment, this represents a very worrying statistic in terms of the known and unknown negative impacts of oil spills. Space Time Pattern Mining (STPM) tools were adapted to explore and interrogate historical spill data. Time series forecasting was then used for forecasting possible locations of future oil spills within the region. Results show that there is a pattern to oil spill occurrences in the Niger Delta with statistically significant hotspots identified in Rivers State, Bayelsa State and Delta State. Forecast root mean square error (RMSE) and forecast validation RMSE are -1.016328 and 1.035992 respectively. This suggests an ability of the model to fairly predict likely locations of future oil spills. This was further verified by counting the number of spills that occur within any area based on the predicted likelihood of spill occurrence. This study has shown that STPM tools can be deployed in understanding the occurrence and prediction of oil spill incidents. This will ultimately aid in the deployment of scarce management resources to where they are most needed.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"356 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of irrigation and fertilization on the emission factors and emission intensities of nitrous oxide in alkaline soil","authors":"Wenzhu Yang, Yongqin Jia, Youlin Hu, Yang Jie, Gu Peng, Jiao Yan","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad29b6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad29b6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Environmental damage attributed to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have received widespread attention. Agricultural sources release substantial amounts of N2O into the atmosphere. However, comparative studies on the effects of different irrigation and fertilization methods, namely, drip fertigation (a combination of fertilizing and irrigation), sprinkler fertigation, and traditional furrow irrigation with chemical fertilizer spraying, on N2O emissions in alkaline soil have been limited. Therefore, three-year in situ field observations were conducted to investigate the effect of these three irrigation and fertilization modes on N2O emissions using the static chamber method over the period 2015–2017. There are significant seasonal variations in soil N2O emission fluxes among alkaline soils under different fertilization and irrigation modes, with emissions peaking in July and August, but no significant difference in yearly variations. The N2O emission intensity of drip fertigation soil was 0.20 kg N t-1 year-1, of sprinkler fertigation soil was 0.38 kg N t-1 year-1, respectively, while of furrow irrigation was 0.91 kg N t-1 year-1, respectively. Moisture and temperature of soil were key factors driving the observed nitrous oxide variations. Compared with traditional furrow irrigation, drip and sprinkler fertigation significantly increased potato yield and decreased N2O emissions in alkaline soil, thus satisfying both yield and environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"52 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do private firms invest more in environmental protection under political control? Evidence from China","authors":"Chu-Yu Guo, Jiandong Wen, Hui Hu","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad294b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad294b","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For the first time, this study investigates the environmental performance outcomes of integrating local political committees into private firms. Using a nationwide survey of Chinese private firms, we find that the involvement of local party committees significantly bolsters corporate environmental investment. This finding remains consistent across various samples, alternative measures of the dependent variable, and different estimation methodologies. Notably, the influence of local party committees on pro-environmental practices is more pronounced in firms with lower family ownership, in regions with weaker environmental regulations, and where the owner is also the Party secretary. This study reveals local party committees as key mediators between government and firms, enhancing corporate engagement in environmental initiatives. It advocates for policies promoting collaboration between government and private firms, particularly emphasizing the strategic placement of party committees in firms with specific ownership and leadership characteristics to maximize environmental investment.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"4 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of spermidine on reproductive, seed quality and bio-physiological characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under salt stress","authors":"M. Sawariya, N. Yadav, A. Kumar, H. Mehra, N Kumar, S. Devi, S. Arya","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad2948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad2948","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar application of spermidine on various aspects of chickpea genotypes under salt stress. At the seedling stage the genotypes were treated with 4 and 8 dSm-1 Cl- dominated salinity followed by the spermidine application of 0.5 and 1.0 mM at the flowering stage. Salinity changed the different parameters of chickpea genotypes. The salinity had not much significant effect on the ovule receptivity in different chickpea genotypes studied. Results showed that both concentration of spermidine increased the CSI, MSI, antioxidant activity, and phenol in chickpea under salt stress. In addition it increases the protein and reduced the starch and phosphorus content in chickpea seeds. The application of spermidine increased the pollen germination, viability and tube length in all chickpea genotypes. It reduced the Na+ ion accumulation and maintains the ionic balance in chickpea seeds. The effect of spermidine application (0.5 and 1.0mM) was more obvious but 1.0mM had more positive effect in salt sensitive chickpea genotype.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"24 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Intention and Usage of Organic Pesticide Control using Value-Belief-Norm Model","authors":"Qing Yang, Abdullah Al Mamun, Mohammad Nurul Hassan Reza, Farzana Naznen, M. M. Masud","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad294a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad294a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The degradation of farming lands caused by excessive pesticide usage is a growing concern. One of the most effective strategies for preventing this disaster from worsening is to commence organic pesticide management at a mass level. Although farmers depend highly on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers to obtain higher yields and profitable returns, the adoption of these synthetic inputs have remained surprisingly low in many agricultural contexts, spanning both developing and developed countries. The goal of this study is to utilize the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theory as a framework for understanding the critical sociopsychological factors influencing farmers’ decision to use organic pesticides. Specifically, this study aims to introduce and assess the impact of a new construct, i.e., the social norm withing the VBN framework. Additionally, this study empirically evaluates the core components of VBN theory and their causal relationship. The data was collected from 322 farmers from Zhoukou, Henan province, China using a survey questionnaire. The findings show that farmers' egoistic values significantly impact the ecological worldview, despite the fact that biospheric values had no discernible effect. The ecological worldview also profoundly influences the farmers' awareness of consequences and their personal norms. Although the study finds awareness of consequences to have no significant effect on personal norms, it has a substantial positive impact on ascription of responsibility. In addition, ascription of responsibility significantly influences farmers' personal norms, which substantially impacts the intention to use organic pesticides. The results also reveal that farmers' intentions significantly impact the usage of organic pesticides. The study's findings can help strengthen essential factors among farmers that can improve their perception of organic agricultural methods, create strategies for managing controlled agrochemicals, and successfully stop environmental degradation by toxic inputs.","PeriodicalId":505267,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"214 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139837991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}