Environmental Conservation最新文献_第9页

Transapical beating heart mitral valve repair versus conventional surgery: a propensity-matched study. 经心尖跳动心脏二尖瓣修复术与传统手术：倾向匹配研究。

IF 1.6 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivac053

A D'Onofrio, F Mastro, M Nadali, A Fiocco, D Pittarello, P Aruta, G Evangelista, G Lorenzoni, D Gregori, G Gerosa

{"title":"Transapical beating heart mitral valve repair versus conventional surgery: a propensity-matched study.","authors":"A D'Onofrio, F Mastro, M Nadali, A Fiocco, D Pittarello, P Aruta, G Evangelista, G Lorenzoni, D Gregori, G Gerosa","doi":"10.1093/icvts/ivac053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/icvts/ivac053","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Transapical Neochordae implantation (NC) allows beating heart mitral valve repair in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation. The aim of this single-centre, retrospective study was to compare outcomes of NC versus conventional surgical (CS) mitral valve repair.Methods: Data of patients who underwent isolated mitral valve repair with NC or CS from January 2010 to December 2018 were collected. A propensity score matching analysis was performed to reduce confounding due to baseline differences between groups. The primary end point was overall all-cause mortality; secondary end points were freedom from reoperation, freedom from moderate (2+) and from severe (3+) mitral regurgitation (MR) and New York Heart Association functional class in the overall population and in patients with isolated P2 prolapse (type A anatomy).Results: Propensity analysis selected 88 matched pairs. There was no 30-day mortality in the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed similar 5-year survival in the 2 groups. Patients undergoing NC showed worse freedom from moderate MR (≥2+) (57.6% vs 84.6%; P < 0.001) and from severe MR (3+) at 5-year follow-up: 78.1% vs 89.7% (P = 0.032). In patients with type A anatomy, freedom from moderate MR and from severe MR was similar between groups (moderate: 63.9% vs 74.6%; P = 0.21; severe: 79.3% vs 79%; P = 0.77 in NC and FS, respectively). Freedom from reoperation was lower in the NC group: 78.9% vs 92% (P = 0.022) but, in type A patients, it was similar: 79.7% and 85% (P = 0.75) in the NC and CS group, respectively. More than 90% of patients of both groups were in New York Heart Association class I and II at follow-up.Conclusions: Transapical beating-heart mitral chordae implantation can be considered as an alternative treatment to CS, especially in patients with isolated P2 prolapse.","PeriodicalId":50517,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Conservation","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9252130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78843315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drivers of prohibited natural resource collection in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. 尼泊尔奇特旺国家公园禁止采集自然资源的驱动因素。

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1017/s0376892922000121

Scott T Yabiku, Abigail Sullivan, Abigail M York, Qunshan Zhao, Jennifer E Glick, Sharon J Hall, Dirgha J Ghimire, Li An

{"title":"Drivers of prohibited natural resource collection in Chitwan National Park, Nepal.","authors":"Scott T Yabiku, Abigail Sullivan, Abigail M York, Qunshan Zhao, Jennifer E Glick, Sharon J Hall, Dirgha J Ghimire, Li An","doi":"10.1017/s0376892922000121","DOIUrl":"10.1017/s0376892922000121","url":null,"abstract":"Protected areas (PAs) are critical for achieving conservation, economic and development goals, but the factors that lead households to engage in prohibited resource collection in PAs are not well understood. We examine collection behaviours in community forests and the protected Chitwan National Park in Chitwan, Nepal. Our approach incorporates household and ecological data, including structured interviews, spatially explicit data on collection behaviours measured with computer tablets and a systematic field survey of invasive species. We pair our data with a framework that considers factors related to a household's demand for resources, barriers to prohibited resource collection, barriers to legal resource collection and alternatives to resource collection. The analysis identifies key drivers of prohibited collection, including sociodemographic variables and perceptions of an invasive plant (Mikania micrantha). The social-ecological systems approach reveals that household perceptions of the presence of M. micrantha were more strongly associated with resource collection decisions than the actual ecologically measured presence of the plant. We explore the policy implications of our findings for PAs and propose that employing a social-ecological systems approach leads to conservation policy and scientific insights that are not possible to achieve with social or ecological approaches alone.","PeriodicalId":50517,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Conservation","volume":"49 2","pages":"114-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9563263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33514262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping functional tree regions of the Atlantic Forest: how much is left and opportunities for conservation 绘制大西洋森林的功能树区:剩下多少和保护的机会

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0376892922000212

J. L. A. Silva, A. F. Souza, A. P. Vitória

{"title":"Mapping functional tree regions of the Atlantic Forest: how much is left and opportunities for conservation","authors":"J. L. A. Silva, A. F. Souza, A. P. Vitória","doi":"10.1017/S0376892922000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892922000212","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Many biomes still lack an overall view of their macro-functional structure (i.e., natural biogeographical regions and zones), including the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. The effective design of protected areas depends on the spatial identification of units with ecologically distinct content, whether it be floristic, phylogenetic or functional. This study used a regionalization approach to identify the potential functional regions of the Atlantic Forest by interpolating functional data from forest remnants into the entire original occurrence area of the biome, including deforested lands. Conservation status was then estimated. Analysis of seven traits of leaf, wood, seed and plant size revealed that the biome is structured over 14 functional regions and three zones (clusters of regions). Functional regions represented specific combinations of traits rather than being characterized by extremely high or low values of a single trait. They retained an average of 29.5% of forest remnants (range: 7.63–54.66%) and 10.82% of protected areas (range: 0.35–35.78%). By analysing the functional space occupied by all regions, captured by two principal component analysis axes using the pixel-level information contained in interpolated trait maps, we showed that large parts of this space were not covered by forest remnants or protected areas and that the most represented regions had serious deficits in protected areas. Although the Serra do Mar mountain range in the south and south-east Atlantic Forest is relevant as a centre of species endemism and richness and has received considerable attention for carrying out ecological studies and creating protection areas, this range does not fully encompass the functional biodiversity of such a rich biome. Our results demonstrate the potential for combining regionalization and conservation approaches to unravel the macro-structures of biomes.","PeriodicalId":50517,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Conservation","volume":"49 1","pages":"164 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urbanization impacts water quality and the use of microhabitats by fish in subtropical agricultural streams 城市化对亚热带农业溪流水质和鱼类利用微生境的影响

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0376892922000200

Margenny Barrios, F. Teixeira de Mello

{"title":"Urbanization impacts water quality and the use of microhabitats by fish in subtropical agricultural streams","authors":"Margenny Barrios, F. Teixeira de Mello","doi":"10.1017/S0376892922000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892922000200","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Land-use changes have negative effects on stream conditions and fish assemblages, but their effects on water quality and the use of microhabitats by fish in subtropical lowland streams are unclear. We evaluated the effects of urban patches (two urban streams) in an agricultural matrix (two ‘agricultural’ streams) on water quality, microhabitat diversity and fish assemblages, as well as the selection of microhabitat types by fish in the Arroyo Colorado basin (Uruguay). Physicochemical water parameters were measured, the fish sampled using electrofishing, microhabitat diversity, occupancy of microhabitats by fish and the most important microhabitat types for fish species were analysed. Agricultural streams presented higher water quality and microhabitat diversity, and most of the microhabitats were occupied by fish. Microhabitats with medium substrate sizes and running water prevailed in urban streams, while the presence of macrophytes, shallow waters and different substrate sizes were common in agricultural streams. The most important microhabitats used by fish species were not the most abundant, highlighting the fragility of streams resulting from the loss of appropriate conditions. Understanding how different degrees of deterioration in streams affect water quality and microhabitat–fish interactions is essential for the designing of effective monitoring and restoration programmes.","PeriodicalId":50517,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Conservation","volume":"49 1","pages":"155 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49290487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Blockchain’s potential in forest offsets, the voluntary carbon markets and REDD+ 区块链在森林补偿、自愿碳市场和REDD方面的潜力+

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0376892922000157

Grammateia Kotsialou, Karlygash Kuralbayeva, T. Laing

{"title":"Blockchain’s potential in forest offsets, the voluntary carbon markets and REDD+","authors":"Grammateia Kotsialou, Karlygash Kuralbayeva, T. Laing","doi":"10.1017/S0376892922000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892922000157","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Increasing net-zero commitments by individuals, companies and governments have been accompanied by the growth of the voluntary offset market, including Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). Technologies, notably blockchain, are starting to enter the REDD+ space and may have the potential to address issues such as additionality, permanence, leakage and property and community rights. In this Perspective, we first examine voluntary markets and the role forest carbon offsets have played within them, highlighting the evolution of REDD+ and the issues that have hindered its development. We then examine the potential of blockchain to address each of the issues, using the literature and emerging experience from the use of blockchain in the forestry space. We find that the technology may have the potential to improve verifiability, reduce transaction costs and, to a lesser degree, aid in addressing additionality and permanence concerns. However, greater learning from the emerging use of blockchain in pilot projects is needed to fully assess and maximize its potential.","PeriodicalId":50517,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Conservation","volume":"49 1","pages":"137 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48963724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Elephant ivory, rhino horn, pangolin and helmeted hornbill products for sale at the Myanmar–Thailand–China border 在缅甸-泰国-中国边境出售的象牙、犀牛角、穿山甲和带盔犀鸟产品

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0376892922000169

L. Vigne, V. Nijman

{"title":"Elephant ivory, rhino horn, pangolin and helmeted hornbill products for sale at the Myanmar–Thailand–China border","authors":"L. Vigne, V. Nijman","doi":"10.1017/S0376892922000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892922000169","url":null,"abstract":"Summary While many species are affected by trafficking in their products, some take centre stage, including elephants, rhinos, pangolins and helmeted hornbills, and we report an open trade that continued in these items in eastern Myanmar between 2015 and 2020. We surveyed Myanmar’s border towns of Tachilek and Mong La, recording volumes, prices, origins and trade routes. We observed c. 16 500 ivory items, 8 helmeted hornbill casques and 264 beads, over 100 African rhino horn items and over 250 pangolins (mainly skins and scales). In 2020, asking prices in Mong La for rhino horn tips were US$10 770, rhino horn bracelets US$5385, helmeted hornbill casques US$2424 and big ivory bangles c. US$800, with prices being stable overall since 2017. We estimate the combined monetary values at US$0.25–0.30 million for Tachilek and US$0.75–2.00 million for Mong La. Mong La’s market today far surpasses Tachilek’s, being on the border of mainland China. Mobile phones and online trading allow customers to order items without bothering to cross the borders. Commitment to address the illegal wildlife trade across Myanmar’s borders requires a greater degree of cooperation and coordination amongst the relevant authorities in Myanmar, China and Thailand.","PeriodicalId":50517,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Conservation","volume":"49 1","pages":"187 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44290847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Spatial and taxonomic diversification for conservation investment under uncertainty 不确定性条件下保护投资的空间和分类多样化

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0376892922000194

Nawon Kang, C. Sims, Seong‐Hoon Cho

{"title":"Spatial and taxonomic diversification for conservation investment under uncertainty","authors":"Nawon Kang, C. Sims, Seong‐Hoon Cho","doi":"10.1017/S0376892922000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892922000194","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Conservation organizations often need to develop risk-diversification strategies that identify not just what species to protect but also where to protect them. The objective of this research is to identify optimal conservation investment allocations for both target sites and species under conditions of uncertainty. We develop a two-step approach using modern portfolio theory (MPT) to estimate percentages of conservation investment (referred to as ‘portfolio weights’) for counties and taxonomic groups in the central and southern Appalachian region under climate and market uncertainties. The portfolio weights across the counties and taxonomic groups from the two steps entail both spatial and taxonomic diversification strategies. Conservation decisions that allow for selecting sites for risk diversification fit the purpose of the first step. Likewise, conservation investments that benefit the biodiversity of particular taxonomic groups for the selected sites are made based on the relative importance of diversifying risk among species in a given area, fitting the purpose of the second step. The two-step MPT approach as a whole allows the greatest flexibility on where and what to protect for conservation investment under uncertainty, and thus would be applicable for the distribution of general conservation funds without predisposition towards protecting either specific sites or species.","PeriodicalId":50517,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Conservation","volume":"49 1","pages":"172 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43267261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Health Professionals' Opinions About Secondary Prevention of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease. 医疗专业人员对糖尿病足病二级预防的看法。

3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1177/15347346221099798

Aaron Drovandi, Leonard Seng, Benjamin Crowley, Malindu E Fernando, Jonathan Golledge

{"title":"Health Professionals' Opinions About Secondary Prevention of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease.","authors":"Aaron Drovandi, Leonard Seng, Benjamin Crowley, Malindu E Fernando, Jonathan Golledge","doi":"10.1177/15347346221099798","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346221099798","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored health professionals' perceptions of current issues and opportunities for the secondary prevention of diabetes-related foot disease (DFD), and potential strategies for improving DFD care. From May to October 2020, relevant Australian health professionals completed an online survey which used ordinal scales, ranking questions, and open text fields to assess perceptions about the importance of aspects of secondary prevention for DFD and elements for a prevention program. Quantitative data were summarised and compared between professions using non-parametric tests, and qualitative data was analysed using conceptual content analysis to identify emerging themes. Perceptions from 116 health professionals with experience in managing patients with DFD were obtained, including 69 podiatrists, 21 vascular surgeons, 16 general practitioners, and ten nurses. Access and adherence to appropriate offloading footwear was perceived as a key element for effective DFD care, and believed to be affected by social and economic factors, such as the cost of footwear, as well as patient-related factors, such as motivation to wear footwear and adhere to other medical therapies. In addition to a lack of patient motivation and financial limitations, health professionals also believed patients lacked an understanding of the likelihood and severity of DFD recurrence. Several elements of care were perceived as missing from practice, including psychological support and ways to improve footwear adherence, with health professionals identifying several strategies for the design and implementation of an effective secondary prevention program. Prospective trials evaluating secondary prevention programs are required to determine the most effective means for preventing DFD recurrence.","PeriodicalId":50517,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Conservation","volume":"22 1","pages":"15347346221099798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78879090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hunting sustainability within two eastern Amazon Extractive Reserves 亚马逊东部两个采掘保护区内狩猎的可持续性

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1017/S0376892922000145

Milton José de Paula, E. A. Carvalho, Cintia Karoline Manos Lopes, Reysane de Alencar Sousa, Emerson Luiz Pereira Maciel, Manoela Wariss, Rafaela Barboza, Francisco Chen de Araújo Braga, Daniely Félix-Silva, C. Peres, J. Pezzuti

{"title":"Hunting sustainability within two eastern Amazon Extractive Reserves","authors":"Milton José de Paula, E. A. Carvalho, Cintia Karoline Manos Lopes, Reysane de Alencar Sousa, Emerson Luiz Pereira Maciel, Manoela Wariss, Rafaela Barboza, Francisco Chen de Araújo Braga, Daniely Félix-Silva, C. Peres, J. Pezzuti","doi":"10.1017/S0376892922000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892922000145","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Subsistence hunting provides an important food source for rural populations in tropical forests but can lead to wildlife depletion. Management of wildlife resources depends on assessments of hunting sustainability. We assessed the sustainability of subsistence hunting in two Amazonian Extractive Reserves. We examined hunting data from a community-based monitoring programme conducted in 30 communities during 63 consecutive months to address temporal trends in hunting yields in terms of catch per unit of effort of all game species and the six most hunted species. We also assessed the prey profiles across different communities. Game species composition did not differ between monitored communities, and the most hunted species were Tayassu pecari, large cracids, Cuniculus paca, Mazama spp., Tapirus terrestris and Pecari tajacu. Catch per unit of effort was stable for all game species and each of the most hunted species, indicating that hunting was generally sustainable. These findings reflect the exceptionally low human population density and continuous forest cover of the study landscape, and long-term hunting sustainability and local protein acquisition will depend on maintaining these social and environmental settings. The results also show that large Sustainable Use Protected Areas can help foster sustainable game management and should thus be included in public policies.","PeriodicalId":50517,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Conservation","volume":"49 1","pages":"90 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44091430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

ENC volume 49 issue 2 Cover and Back matter ENC第49卷第2期封面和封底

IF 2.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Conservation Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1017/s0376892922000182

引用次数: 0