Epidemiologic Reviews最新文献_第4页

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxac012

David D Celentano

引用次数: 0

The Conundrum of Clinical Trials for the Uveitides: Appropriate Outcome Measures for One Treatment Used in Several Diseases. uvetides临床试验的难题:对几种疾病使用的一种治疗方法的适当结果测量。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxac001

Douglas A Jabs, Meghan K Berkenstock, Michael M Altawee, Janet T Holbrook, Elizabeth A Sugar

{"title":"The Conundrum of Clinical Trials for the Uveitides: Appropriate Outcome Measures for One Treatment Used in Several Diseases.","authors":"Douglas A Jabs, Meghan K Berkenstock, Michael M Altawee, Janet T Holbrook, Elizabeth A Sugar","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxac001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxac001","url":null,"abstract":"The uveitides consist of >30 diseases characterized by intraocular inflammation. Noninfectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitides typically are treated with oral corticosteroids and immunosuppression, with a similar treatment approach for most diseases. Because these uveitides collectively are considered a rare disease, single-disease trials are difficult to impractical to recruit for, and most trials have included several different diseases for a given protocol treatment. However, measures of uveitis activity are disease specific, resulting in challenges for trial outcome measures. Several trials of investigational immunosuppressive drugs or biologic drugs have not demonstrated efficacy, but design problems with the outcome measures have limited the ability to interpret the results. Successful trials have included diseases for which a single uveitis activity measure suffices or a composite measure of uveitis activity is used. One potential solution to this problem is the use of a single, clinically relevant outcome, successful corticosteroid sparing, defined as inactive uveitis with a prednisone dose ≤7.5 mg/day coupled with disease-specific guidelines for determining inactive disease. The clinical relevance of this outcome is that active uveitis is associated with increased risks of visual impairment and blindness, and that prednisone doses ≤7.5 mg/day have a minimal risk of corticosteroid side effects. The consequence of this approach is that trial visits require a core set of measures for all participants and a disease-specific set of measures, both clinical and imaging, to assess uveitis activity. This approach is being used in the Adalimumab Versus Conventional Immunosuppression (ADVISE) Trial.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":"2-16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362938/pdf/mxac001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9907472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Measurement Error Elephant in the Room: Challenges and Solutions to Measurement Error in Epidemiology. 房间里的测量误差大象：流行病学中测量误差的挑战与解决方案》。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab011

Gabriel K Innes, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Bryan Lau, Alden L Gross, Derek K Ng, Alison G Abraham

引用次数: 4

A Systematic Review of Simulation Models to Track and Address the Opioid Crisis. 跟踪和应对阿片类药物危机的模拟模型系统回顾。

IF 5.2 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab013

Magdalena Cerdá, Mohammad S Jalali, Ava D Hamilton, Catherine DiGennaro, Ayaz Hyder, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Navdep Kaur, Christina Wang, Katherine M Keyes

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Simulation Models to Track and Address the Opioid Crisis.","authors":"Magdalena Cerdá, Mohammad S Jalali, Ava D Hamilton, Catherine DiGennaro, Ayaz Hyder, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Navdep Kaur, Christina Wang, Katherine M Keyes","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxab013","url":null,"abstract":"The opioid overdose crisis is driven by an intersecting set of social, structural, and economic forces. Simulation models are a tool to help us understand and address thiscomplex, dynamic, and nonlinear social phenomenon. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on simulation models of opioid use and overdose up to September 2019. We extracted modeling types, target populations, interventions, and findings; created a database of model parameters used for model calibration; and evaluated study transparency and reproducibility. Of the 1,398 articles screened, we identified 88 eligible articles. The most frequent types of models were compartmental (36%), Markov (20%), system dynamics (16%), and agent-based models (16%). Intervention cost-effectiveness was evaluated in 40% of the studies, and 39% focused on services for people with opioid use disorder (OUD). In 61% of the eligible articles, authors discussed calibrating their models to empirical data, and in 31%, validation approaches used in the modeling process were discussed. From the 63 studies that provided model parameters, we extracted the data sources on opioid use, OUD, OUD treatment, cessation or relapse, emergency medical services, and death parameters. From this database, potential model inputs can be identified and models can be compared with prior work. Simulation models should be used to tackle key methodological challenges, including the potential for bias in the choice of parameter inputs, investment in model calibration and validation, and transparency in the assumptions and mechanics of simulation models to facilitate reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"147-165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9005056/pdf/mxab013.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9740227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Revolution Will Be Hard to Evaluate: How Co-Occurring Policy Changes Affect Research on the Health Effects of Social Policies. 革命难以评估：同时发生的政策变化如何影响社会政策对健康影响的研究》（The Revolution Will Hard Evaluate: How Co-Occurcurring Policy Changes Affect Research on the Health Effects of Social Policies）。

IF 5.2 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab009

Ellicott C Matthay, Erin Hagan, Spruha Joshi, May Lynn Tan, David Vlahov, Nancy Adler, M Maria Glymour

{"title":"The Revolution Will Be Hard to Evaluate: How Co-Occurring Policy Changes Affect Research on the Health Effects of Social Policies.","authors":"Ellicott C Matthay, Erin Hagan, Spruha Joshi, May Lynn Tan, David Vlahov, Nancy Adler, M Maria Glymour","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxab009","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive empirical health research leverages variation in the timing and location of policy changes as quasi-experiments. Multiple social policies may be adopted simultaneously in the same locations, creating co-occurrence that must be addressed analytically for valid inferences. The pervasiveness and consequences of co-occurring policies have received limited attention. We analyzed a systematic sample of 13 social policy databases covering diverse domains including poverty, paid family leave, and tobacco use. We quantified policy co-occurrence in each database as the fraction of variation in each policy measure across different jurisdictions and times that could be explained by covariation with other policies. We used simulations to estimate the ratio of the variance of effect estimates under the observed policy co-occurrence to variance if policies were independent. Policy co-occurrence ranged from very high for state-level cannabis policies to low for country-level sexual minority-rights policies. For 65% of policies, greater than 90% of the place-time variation was explained by other policies. Policy co-occurrence increased the variance of effect estimates by a median of 57-fold. Co-occurring policies are common and pose a major methodological challenge to rigorously evaluating health effects of individual social policies. When uncontrolled, co-occurring policies confound one another, and when controlled, resulting positivity violations may substantially inflate the variance of estimated effects. Tools to enhance validity and precision for evaluating co-occurring policies are needed.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"19-32"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/e9/mxab009.PMC8763115.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9293536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies. 当所有事情同时发生时该怎么办：估算同时发生的社会政策对健康影响的分析方法》（What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies.

IF 5.2 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab005

Ellicott C Matthay, Laura M Gottlieb, David Rehkopf, May Lynn Tan, David Vlahov, M Maria Glymour

{"title":"What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies.","authors":"Ellicott C Matthay, Laura M Gottlieb, David Rehkopf, May Lynn Tan, David Vlahov, M Maria Glymour","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxab005","url":null,"abstract":"Social policies have great potential to improve population health and reduce health disparities. Increasingly, those doing empirical research have sought to quantify the health effects of social policies by exploiting variation in the timing of policy changes across places. Multiple social policies are often adopted simultaneously or in close succession in the same locations, creating co-occurrence that must be handled analytically for valid inferences. Although this is a substantial methodological challenge for researchers aiming to isolate social policy effects, only in a limited number of studies have researchers systematically considered analytic solutions within a causal framework or assessed whether these solutions are being adopted. We designated 7 analytic solutions to policy co-occurrence, including efforts to disentangle individual policy effects and efforts to estimate the combined effects of co-occurring policies. We used an existing systematic review of social policies and health to evaluate how often policy co-occurrence is identified as a threat to validity and how often each analytic solution is applied in practice. Of the 55 studies, only in 17 (31%) did authors report checking for any co-occurring policies, although in 36 studies (67%), at least 1 approach was used that helps address policy co-occurrence. The most common approaches were adjusting for measures of co-occurring policies; defining the outcome on subpopulations likely to be affected by the policy of interest (but not other co-occurring policies); and selecting a less-correlated measure of policy exposure. As health research increasingly focuses on policy changes, we must systematically assess policy co-occurrence and apply analytic solutions to strengthen studies on the health effects of social policies.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/16/mxab005.PMC8763089.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10421339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution and Reproducibility of Simulation Modeling in Epidemiology and Health Policy Over Half a Century. 半个世纪以来流行病学和卫生政策模拟模型的演变和可重复性。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab006

Mohammad S Jalali, Catherine DiGennaro, Abby Guitar, Karen Lew, Hazhir Rahmandad

{"title":"Evolution and Reproducibility of Simulation Modeling in Epidemiology and Health Policy Over Half a Century.","authors":"Mohammad S Jalali, Catherine DiGennaro, Abby Guitar, Karen Lew, Hazhir Rahmandad","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxab006","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation models are increasingly being used to inform epidemiologic studies and health policy, yet there is great variation in their transparency and reproducibility. In this review, we provide an overview of applications of simulation models in health policy and epidemiology, analyze the use of best reporting practices, and assess the reproducibility of the models using predefined, categorical criteria. We identified and analyzed 1,613 applicable articles and found exponential growth in the number of studies over the past half century, with the highest growth in dynamic modeling approaches. The largest subset of studies focused on disease policy models (70%), within which pathological conditions, viral diseases, neoplasms, and cardiovascular diseases account for one-third of the articles. Model details were not reported in almost half of the studies. We also provide in-depth analysis of modeling best practices, reporting quality and reproducibility of models for a subset of 100 articles (50 highly cited and 50 randomly selected from the remaining articles). Only 7 of 26 in-depth evaluation criteria were satisfied by more than 80% of samples. We identify areas for increased application of simulation modeling and opportunities to enhance the rigor and documentation in the conduct and reporting of simulation modeling in epidemiology and health policy.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"166-175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/ed/mxab006.PMC8763126.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10770253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Longitudinal Methods for Modeling Exposures in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Pregnancy. 妊娠药物流行病学研究中暴露建模的纵向方法。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab002

Mollie E Wood, Angela Lupattelli, Kristin Palmsten, Gretchen Bandoli, Caroline Hurault-Delarue, Christine Damase-Michel, Christina D Chambers, Hedvig M E Nordeng, Marleen M H J van Gelder

{"title":"Longitudinal Methods for Modeling Exposures in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Pregnancy.","authors":"Mollie E Wood, Angela Lupattelli, Kristin Palmsten, Gretchen Bandoli, Caroline Hurault-Delarue, Christine Damase-Michel, Christina D Chambers, Hedvig M E Nordeng, Marleen M H J van Gelder","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxab002","url":null,"abstract":"In many perinatal pharmacoepidemiologic studies, exposure to a medication is classified as \"ever exposed\" versus \"never exposed\" within each trimester or even over the entire pregnancy. This approach is often far from real-world exposure patterns, may lead to exposure misclassification, and does not to incorporate important aspects such as dosage, timing of exposure, and treatment duration. Alternative exposure modeling methods can better summarize complex, individual-level medication use trajectories or time-varying exposures from information on medication dosage, gestational timing of use, and frequency of use. We provide an overview of commonly used methods for more refined definitions of real-world exposure to medication use during pregnancy, focusing on the major strengths and limitations of the techniques, including the potential for method-specific biases. Unsupervised clustering methods, including k-means clustering, group-based trajectory models, and hierarchical cluster analysis, are of interest because they enable visual examination of medication use trajectories over time in pregnancy and complex individual-level exposures, as well as providing insight into comedication and drug-switching patterns. Analytical techniques for time-varying exposure methods, such as extended Cox models and Robins' generalized methods, are useful tools when medication exposure is not static during pregnancy. We propose that where appropriate, combining unsupervised clustering techniques with causal modeling approaches may be a powerful approach to understanding medication safety in pregnancy, and this framework can also be applied in other areas of epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"130-146"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/47/62/mxab002.PMC8763114.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9487891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance: Compared to What? 抗菌素耐药性负担:与什么相比?

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab001

Marlieke E A de Kraker, Marc Lipsitch

{"title":"Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance: Compared to What?","authors":"Marlieke E A de Kraker, Marc Lipsitch","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxab001","url":null,"abstract":"The increased focus on the public health burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) raises conceptual challenges, such as determining how much harm multidrug-resistant organisms do compared to what, or how to establish the burden. Here, we present a counterfactual framework and provide guidance to harmonize methodologies and optimize study quality. In AMR-burden studies, 2 counterfactual approaches have been applied: the harm of drug-resistant infections relative to the harm of the same drug-susceptible infections (the susceptible-infection counterfactual); and the total harm of drug-resistant infections relative to a situation where such infections were prevented (the no-infection counterfactual). We propose to use an intervention-based causal approach to determine the most appropriate counterfactual. We show that intervention scenarios, species of interest, and types of infections influence the choice of counterfactual. We recommend using purpose-designed cohort studies to apply this counterfactual framework, whereby the selection of cohorts (patients with drug-resistant, drug-susceptible infections, and those with no infection) should be based on matching on time to infection through exposure density sampling to avoid biased estimates. Application of survival methods is preferred, considering competing events. We conclude by advocating estimation of the burden of AMR by using the no-infection and susceptible-infection counterfactuals. The resulting numbers will provide policy-relevant information about the upper and lower bound of future interventions designed to control AMR. The counterfactuals should be applied in cohort studies, whereby selection of the unexposed cohorts should be based on exposure density sampling, applying methods avoiding time-dependent bias and confounding.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxab001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10425629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Availability, Accessibility, and Coverage of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons in the European Union. 欧盟监狱中针头和注射器项目的可得性、可及性和覆盖范围。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxaa003

Babak Moazen, Kate Dolan, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Masoud Lotfizadeh, Karen Duke, Florian Neuhann, Heino Stöver, Albrecht Jahn

{"title":"Availability, Accessibility, and Coverage of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons in the European Union.","authors":"Babak Moazen, Kate Dolan, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Masoud Lotfizadeh, Karen Duke, Florian Neuhann, Heino Stöver, Albrecht Jahn","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxaa003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxaa003","url":null,"abstract":"Needle and syringe programs (NSPs) are among the most effective interventions for controlling the transmission of infection among people who inject drugs in prisons. We evaluated the availability, accessibility, and coverage of NSPs in prisons in European Union (EU) countries. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we systematically searched 4 databases of peer-reviewed publications (MEDLINE (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect) and 53 databases containing gray literature to collect data published from January 2008 to August 2018. A total of 23,969 documents (17,297 papers and 6,672 gray documents) were identified, of which 26 were included in the study. In 2018, imprisonment rates in 28 EU countries ranged between 51 per 100,000 population in Finland and 235 per 100,000 population in Lithuania. Only 4 countries were found to have NSPs in prisons: Germany (in 1 prison), Luxembourg (no coverage data were found), Romania (available in more than 50% of prisons), and Spain (in all prisons). Portugal stopped an NSP after a 6-month pilot phase. Despite the protective impact of prison-based NSPs on infection transmission, only 4 EU countries distribute sterile syringes among people who inject drugs in prisons, and coverage of the programs within these countries is very low. Since most prisoners will eventually return to the community, lack of NSPs in EU prisons not only is a threat to the health of prisoners but also endangers public health.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxaa003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38463951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11