Frontiers in Physiology最新文献_第7页

The impact of stance during heel raises on the hybrid ultimate lifting kit (HULK) device: A future microgravity exercise machine. 在混合式终极提升装置(HULK)上脚跟上升时的站立影响:一种未来的微重力运动机器。

IF 4

Frontiers in Physiology Pub Date : 2022-08-23 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.943443

Logan Kluis, Ravi Patel, William K Thompson, Beth Lewandowski, Ana Diaz-Artiles

{"title":"The impact of stance during heel raises on the hybrid ultimate lifting kit (HULK) device: A future microgravity exercise machine.","authors":"Logan Kluis, Ravi Patel, William K Thompson, Beth Lewandowski, Ana Diaz-Artiles","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2022.943443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.943443","url":null,"abstract":"Extended missions in microgravity, such as those on the International Space Station (ISS) or future missions to Mars, can result in the physiological deconditioning of astronauts. Current mitigation strategies include a regimented diet in addition to resistance training paired with aerobic exercise. With the increased effort toward long duration space missions, there is room to optimize the cost, required time of use, and mass of exercise equipment. This research effort focuses on understanding the biomechanics of Heel Raise (HR) exercises while using the Hybrid Ultimate Lifting Kit (HULK) device, an exercise device designed to optimize volume and functionality. Using the biomechanics tool OpenSim, the effect of HR foot stance (15° inward, 15° outward, and straight) was assessed by analyzing kinematic and kinetic data. In particular, we analyzed peak joint angles, range of motion, joint moments, and angular impulses of a single subject. Preliminary results indicated no significant differences in terms of ankle/metatarsophalangeal/subtalar joint angles, range of motion, joint moments, and angular impulses between foot stances. In addition, loaded HR exercises were compared to body weight HR exercises without the HULK device. Finally, recommendations are made towards an optimal HR routine for long-duration space missions. The impact to health and rehabilitation on Earth is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":504973,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"943443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9445131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33458422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cerebral Erythropoietin Prevents Sex-Dependent Disruption of Respiratory Control Induced by Early Life Stress. 脑促红细胞生成素预防由早期生活应激引起的性别依赖性呼吸控制中断。

IF 4

Frontiers in Physiology Pub Date : 2021-12-20 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.701344

Elizabeth Elliot-Portal, Christian Arias-Reyes, Sofien Laouafa, Rose Tam, Richard Kinkead, Jorge Soliz

{"title":"Cerebral Erythropoietin Prevents Sex-Dependent Disruption of Respiratory Control Induced by Early Life Stress.","authors":"Elizabeth Elliot-Portal, Christian Arias-Reyes, Sofien Laouafa, Rose Tam, Richard Kinkead, Jorge Soliz","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2021.701344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.701344","url":null,"abstract":"Injuries that occur early in life are often at the root of adult illness. Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) is a form of early life stress that has persistent and sex-specific effects on the development of neural networks, including those that regulate breathing. The release of stress hormones during a critical period of development contributes to the deleterious consequences of NMS, but the role of increased corticosterone (CORT) in NMS-induced respiratory disturbance is unknown. Because erythropoietin (EPO) is a potent neuroprotectant that prevents conditions associated with hyperactivation of the stress neuroaxis in a sex-specific manner, we hypothesized that EPO reduces the sex-specific alteration of respiratory regulation induced by NMS in adult mice. Animals were either raised under standard conditions (controls) or exposed to NMS 3 h/day from postnatal days 3-12. We tested the efficacy of EPO in preventing the effects of NMS by comparing wild-type mice with transgenic mice that overexpress EPO only in the brain (Tg21). In 7-days-old pups, NMS augmented CORT levels ~2.5-fold by comparison with controls but only in males; this response was reduced in Tg21 mice. Respiratory function was assessed using whole-body plethysmography. Apneas were detected during sleep; the responsiveness to stimuli was measured by exposing mice to hypoxia (10% O2; 15 min) and hypercapnia (5% CO2; 10 min). In wild-type, NMS increased the number of apneas and the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HcVR) only in males; with no effect on Tg21. In wild-type males, the incidence of apneas was positively correlated with HcVR and inversely related to the tachypneic response to hypoxia. We conclude that neural EPO reduces early life stress-induced respiratory disturbances observed in males.","PeriodicalId":504973,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"701344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8720854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39648703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

On the Role of LGN/V1 Spontaneous Activity as an Innate Learning Pattern for Visual Development. 试论LGN/V1自发活动作为先天学习模式在视觉发育中的作用

IF 4

Frontiers in Physiology Pub Date : 2021-10-27 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.695431

Sahar Behpour, David J Field, Mark V Albert

{"title":"On the Role of LGN/V1 Spontaneous Activity as an Innate Learning Pattern for Visual Development.","authors":"Sahar Behpour, David J Field, Mark V Albert","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2021.695431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.695431","url":null,"abstract":"Correlated, spontaneous neural activity is known to play a necessary role in visual development, but the higher-order statistical structure of these coherent, amorphous patterns has only begun to emerge in the past decade. Several computational studies have demonstrated how this endogenous activity can be used to train a developing visual system. Models that generate spontaneous activity analogous to retinal waves have shown that these waves can serve as stimuli for efficient coding models of V1. This general strategy in development has one clear advantage: The same learning algorithm can be used both before and after eye-opening. This same insight can be applied to understanding LGN/V1 spontaneous activity. Although lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) activity has been less discussed in the literature than retinal waves, here we argue that the waves found in the LGN have a number of properties that fill the role of a training pattern. We make the case that the role of \"innate learning\" with spontaneous activity is not only possible, but likely in later stages of visual development, and worth pursuing further using an efficient coding paradigm.","PeriodicalId":504973,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"695431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8589027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39731538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Contribution of Different Components in QiShenYiQi Pills® to Its Potential to Modulate Energy Metabolism in Protection of Ischemic Myocardial Injury. 芪肾益气丸®不同成分调节能量代谢对缺血性心肌损伤的保护作用

IF 4

Frontiers in Physiology Pub Date : 2018-04-11 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00389

Yuan-Chen Cui, Li Yan, Chun-Shui Pan, Bai-He Hu, Xin Chang, Jing-Yu Fan, Jing-Yan Han

{"title":"The Contribution of Different Components in QiShenYiQi Pills® to Its Potential to Modulate Energy Metabolism in Protection of Ischemic Myocardial Injury.","authors":"Yuan-Chen Cui, Li Yan, Chun-Shui Pan, Bai-He Hu, Xin Chang, Jing-Yu Fan, Jing-Yan Han","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2018.00389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00389","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic heart diseases remain a challenge for clinicians. QiShenYiQi pills® (QSYQ) has been reported to be curative during coronary heart diseases with modulation of energy metabolism as one of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we detected the effect of QSYQ and its components on rat myocardial structure, mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity and energy metabolism, and heart function after 30 min of cardiac ischemia, with focusing on the contribution of each component to its potential to regulate energy metabolism. Results showed that treatment with QSYQ and all its five components protected myocardial structure from damage by ischemia. QSYQ also attenuated release of myocardial cTnI, and restored the production of ATP after cardiac ischemia. AS-IV and Rb1, but not Rg1, R1, and DLA, had similar effect as QSYQ in regulation of energy metabolism. These results indicate that QSYQ may prevent ischemia-induced cardiac injury via regulation of energy metabolism, to which each of its components contributes differently.","PeriodicalId":504973,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphys.2018.00389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36093146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Beta Adrenergic Regulation of Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses in Intact Rat and Isolated Rat Lungs. 完整大鼠和离体大鼠肺内动静脉吻合术的肾上腺素能调节。

IF 4

Frontiers in Physiology Pub Date : 2017-04-19 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00218

Melissa L Bates, Joseph E Jacobson, Marlowe W Eldridge

{"title":"Beta Adrenergic Regulation of Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses in Intact Rat and Isolated Rat Lungs.","authors":"Melissa L Bates, Joseph E Jacobson, Marlowe W Eldridge","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2017.00218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00218","url":null,"abstract":"Intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses (IPAVA) allow large diameter particles of venous origin to bypass the pulmonary capillary bed and embolize the systemic arterial circulation. IPAVA have been routinely observed in healthy humans with exercise, hypoxia, and catecholamine infusion, but the mechanism by which they are recruited is not well-defined. We hypothesized that beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation recruits IPAVA and that receptor blockade would limit hypoxia-induced IPAVA recruitment. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated the transpulmonary passage of microspheres in intact rats and isolated rats lung infused with the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol. We also evaluated IPAVA recruitment in intact rats with hypoxia and the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol. We found that IPAVA are recruited in the intact rat by isoproterenol and their recruitment by hypoxia can be minimized by propranolol, suggesting a role for the adrenergic system in the recruitment of IPAVA by hypoxia. IPAVA recruitment is completely abolished by ventilation with 100% oxygen. Isoproterenol also recruits IPAVA in isolated rat lungs. The fact that isoproterenol can recruit IPAVA in isolated lungs, without increased pulmonary flow, suggests that elevated cardiac output is not required for IPAVA recruitment.","PeriodicalId":504973,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphys.2017.00218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34966712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

New Imaging Methods for Non-invasive Assessment of Mechanical, Structural, and Biochemical Properties of Human Achilles Tendon: A Mini Review. 无创评估人类跟腱力学、结构和生化特性的新成像方法:综述。

IF 4

Frontiers in Physiology Pub Date : 2016-07-27 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00324

Alexandre Fouré

{"title":"New Imaging Methods for Non-invasive Assessment of Mechanical, Structural, and Biochemical Properties of Human Achilles Tendon: A Mini Review.","authors":"Alexandre Fouré","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2016.00324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00324","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical properties of tendon play a fundamental role to passively transmit forces from muscle to bone, withstand sudden stretches, and act as a mechanical buffer allowing the muscle to work more efficiently. The use of non-invasive imaging methods for the assessment of human tendon's mechanical, structural, and biochemical properties in vivo is relatively young in sports medicine, clinical practice, and basic science. Non-invasive assessment of the tendon properties may enhance the diagnosis of tendon injury and the characterization of recovery treatments. While ultrasonographic imaging is the most popular tool to assess the tendon's structural and indirectly, mechanical properties, ultrasonographic elastography, and ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF MRI) have recently emerged as potentially powerful techniques to explore tendon tissues. This paper highlights some methodological cautions associated with conventional ultrasonography and perspectives for in vivo human Achilles tendon assessment using ultrasonographic elastography and UHF MRI. ","PeriodicalId":504973,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphys.2016.00324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34747315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Effect of acute hypoxia on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation in healthy men. 急性缺氧对健康男性运动后副交感神经再激活的影响。

IF 4

Frontiers in Physiology Pub Date : 2012-07-25 eCollection Date: 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00289

Hani Al Haddad, Alberto Mendez-Villanueva, Pitre C Bourdon, Martin Buchheit

{"title":"Effect of acute hypoxia on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation in healthy men.","authors":"Hani Al Haddad, Alberto Mendez-Villanueva, Pitre C Bourdon, Martin Buchheit","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2012.00289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00289","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we assessed the effect of acute hypoxia on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation inferred from heart rate (HR) recovery (HRR) and HR variability (HRV) indices. Ten healthy males participated in this study. Following 10 min of seated rest, participants performed 5 min of submaximal running at the speed associated with the first ventilatory threshold (Sub) followed by a 20-s all-out supramaximal sprint (Supra). Both Sub and Supra runs were immediately followed by 15 min of seated passive recovery. The resting and exercise sequence were performed in both normoxia (N) and normobaric hypoxia (H; FiO(2) = 15.4%). HRR indices (e.g., heart beats recovered in the first minute after exercise cessation, HRR(60s)) and vagal-related HRV indices [i.e., natural logarithm of the square root of the mean of the sum of the squared differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals (Ln rMSSD)] were calculated for both conditions. Difference in the changes between N and H for all HR-derived indices were also calculated for both Sub and Supra. HRR(60s) was greater in N compared with H following Sub only (60 ± 14 vs. 52 ± 19 beats min(-1), P = 0.016). Ln rMSSD was greater in N compared with H (post Sub: 3.60 ± 0.45 vs. 3.28 ± 0.44 ms in N and H, respectively, and post Supra: 2.66 ± 0.54 vs. 2.65 ± 0.63 ms, main condition effect P = 0.02). When comparing the difference in the changes, hypoxia decreased HRR(60s) (-14.3% ± 17.2 vs. 5.2% ± 19.3; following Sub and Supra, respectively; P = 0.03) and Ln rMSSD (-8.6% ± 7.0 vs. 2.0% ± 13.3, following Sub and Supra, respectively; P = 0.08, Cohen's effect size = 0.62) more following Sub than Supra. While hypoxia may delay parasympathetic reactivation following submaximal exercise, its effect is not apparent following supramaximal exercise. This may suggest that the effect of blood O(2) partial pressure on parasympathetic reactivation is limited under heightened sympathetic activation.","PeriodicalId":504973,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphys.2012.00289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30868443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24