Ethology最新文献

{"title":"EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Precopulatory Sexual Cannibalism Causes Increase Egg Case Production, Hatching Success, and Female Attractiveness to Males","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/eth.13567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13567","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>EXPRESSION OF CONCERN</b>: J. N. Pruitt, A. W. Berning, B. Cusack, T. A. Shearer, M. McGuirk, A. Coleman, R. Y. Y. Eng, F. Armagost, K. Sweeney, and N. Singh, “Precopulatory Sexual Cannibalism Causes Increase Egg Case Production, Hatching Success, and Female Attractiveness to Males,” <i>Ethology</i> 120, no. 5 (2014): 453–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12216.</p><p>This Expression of Concern is for the above article, published online on 01 March 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and has been issued by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Wolfgang Goymann, and Wiley-VCH GmbH. The Expression of Concern has been agreed upon after concerns have been raised regarding the validity of the data collected and analysis methods reported in the research conducted by author J. N. Pruitt. The author did not respond to repeated requests to provide the primary data and validate the data collection and analysis methods reported in this study. As we are unable to obtain the original data and analysis, an EOC is warranted to inform and alert the readers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.13567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Temperature Mediates Shifts in Individual Aggressiveness, Activity Level, and Social Behavior in a Spider","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/eth.13565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>EXPRESSION OF CONCERN</b>: J.N. Pruitt, K.W. Demes, and D.R. Dittrich-Reed, “Temperature Mediates Shifts in Individual Aggressiveness, Activity Level, and Social Behavior in a Spider,” <i>Ethology</i> 117, no. 4 (2011): 318–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01877.x.</p><p>This Expression of Concern is for the above article, published online on 07 February 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and has been issued by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Wolfgang Goymann, and Wiley-VCH GmbH. The Expression of Concern has been agreed after concerns have been raised regarding the validity of the data collected and analysis methods reported in the research conducted by author J.N. Pruitt. The author did not respond to repeated requests to provide the primary data and validate the data collection and analysis methods reported in this study. As we are unable to obtain the original data and analysis, an EOC is warranted to inform and alert the readers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.13565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Assessing the Effects of Rearing Environment, Natural Selection, and Developmental Stage on the Emergence of a Behavioral Syndrome","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/eth.13566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>EXPRESSION OF CONCERN</b>: K. Sweeney, R. D. H Gadd, Z. L. Hess, D. R. McDermott, L. MacDonald, P. Cotter, F. Armagost, J. Z. Chen, A. W. Berning, N. DiRienzo, and J. N. Pruitt, “Assessing the Effects of Rearing Environment, Natural Selection, and Developmental Stage on the Emergence of a Behavioral Syndrome,” <i>Ethology</i>, 119, no. 5 (2013): 436–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12081.</p><p>This Expression of Concern is for the above article, published online on 15 March 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and has been issued by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Wolfgang Goymann, and Wiley-VCH GmbH. The Expression of Concern has been agreed upon after concerns have been raised regarding the validity of the data collected and the analysis methods reported in the research conducted by author J.N. Pruitt. The author did not respond to repeated requests to provide the primary data and validate the data collection and analysis methods reported in this study. As we are unable to obtain the original data and analysis, an EOC is warranted to inform and alert the readers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.13566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Shadow of Man: Behavioral Changes in Japanese Pika (Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis) due to Human Presence at Mount Highashi-Nupukaushi-Nupuri, Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Fatima Chaudhary,&nbsp;Teiji Watanabe,&nbsp;Rehan Ul Haq","doi":"10.1111/eth.13562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wildlife often perceives humans as a threat, which can affect their behavioral ecology and alter their fitness and survival. Studying these behavioral responses can help to evaluate the impact of human activities. We studied the effects of human presence on the anti-predatory behavior of the Japanese pika, <i>Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis</i>, a small mammal found in rocky montane areas of Mount Highashi-Nupukaushi-Nupuri, Daisetsuzan National Park, Hokkaido, Japan, during the summer season (May to August) of 2022 and 2023. We compared the tolerance or habituation behavior of pikas at the control site with no human interference and at the impact site with human visitation, where we recorded the calling and flight initiation distance of pikas when approached by researchers. The Spearman correlation coefficient (Shapiro–Wilk test, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) indicated a significant positive correlation between the distance of pikas from the trail and both the calling initiation distance (<i>r</i> = 0.731, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and flight initiation distance (<i>r</i> = 0.860, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Pikas at the control site produced a significantly higher proportion of calls in the presence of humans than pikas at the impact site. Furthermore, at the impact site, repeated encounters with humans reduced the calling and flight initiation distances of the pikas; that is, the pikas were bolder and quieter when approached by humans compared to the pikas at the control site. Our research highlights the potential impact of increased human visitation on pikas behavior, highlighting the urgency of sustainable conservation efforts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Publication Ethics—Journals, Please Get Rid of Wording Restrictions That Include Citations","authors":"Wolfgang Goymann","doi":"10.1111/eth.13550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13550","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;“Damn, they didn't cite me!” Do you know this feeling? Honestly, I have experienced such a wave of anger and disappointment quite often when reading papers close to my field. In some cases, I felt so wronged that I sent a friendly email to the authors reminding them of my work. Maybe they just did not know about it? Maybe they did a poor job of searching for the relevant literature? Or they thought my work was not of sufficient quality to be cited? Or is it that I keep choosing the wrong keywords so that no one can find my studies? I am sure, others will have thought the same about some of my papers, that is I did not cite their work even though it was relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons why relevant publications are not cited. In the worst case, it can be scientific misconduct, that is authors deliberately fail to cite other people's work when they know it is relevant and should be cited. I am convinced, however, that this is only a minority of cases. In recent decades, the number of scientific studies (and journals) has kind of exploded, making it difficult to keep up with developments even within one's own field. Combined with a poor literature search, this can lead to the omission of relevant work. Further, instead of searching for relevant literature themselves, many people rely on reviews, but this means that the quality of the respective review determines whether readers find the relevant literature to cite. Plus, there may be a good number of other reasons why studies are not cited, but I want to focus on one important cause that is in the responsibility of publishers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many journals, especially such with a high impact, have word limits for their articles. In principle, this is fine, as it forces authors to write in a concise and focused manner. However, the word limit often includes the references. In my view, this is plain wrong and should never happen. When the word limit includes references, it is of course much easier for authors to shorten their articles simply by omitting references rather than by reducing their text: eliminating 10 or so references can easily save 150 and more words. In other cases, journals do not include citations in their word limit, but instead they limit the allowed number of references as such. This basically means that the journal forces authors to actively exclude potentially relevant references. In the worst case, such a reference limit is even requested for review articles, whose main purpose should be to provide an overview by including ideally all of the relevant citations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, the authors of articles that did not cite my work responded to my emails. In a few cases, they stated that they were not aware of my work and were grateful that I had brought it to their attention. In most cases, however, they said that they had to focus on the most relevant citations because of word limits or restrictions on the number of citations allowed. And of course, they and I may disagree about wh","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.13550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Syndromes Across Time and Space in a Long-Lived Turtle","authors":"Daniel F. Hughes,&nbsp;Kaylyn Hobelman,&nbsp;Abigail Trautman,&nbsp;Samantha Kim,&nbsp;Katie Brighton,&nbsp;Aubrey Gauntt,&nbsp;Samuel Wagner,&nbsp;Madison Schwenka,&nbsp;Amelia Weller,&nbsp;Shelby Bloom,&nbsp;Colin Nelson,&nbsp;Farah Suboh,&nbsp;Cameron Kolthoff,&nbsp;Sangai Dukuly,&nbsp;Benjamin M. Reed","doi":"10.1111/eth.13561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13561","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Behavioral syndromes are correlated behaviors across different contexts and are critical for understanding processes in the ecology and evolution of animal personality. To aid in this endeavor, there is a need to study syndromes in wild animals from understudied species over long timescales. We investigated behavioral syndromes in wild ornate box turtles (<i>Terrapene ornata</i>) across four distinct populations over four different years. We measured three behavioral traits (boldness, activity, and exploration) in controlled trials using standardized 10-min assays on 174 different turtles 314 times. Overall, turtles demonstrated consistent correlations between behavioral traits, indicating conserved behavioral syndromes in this species. A behavioral syndrome between activity and exploration was detected in every population in every year except for one in 2016, suggesting a strong conserved basis for these traits to covary. Correlations with boldness and other behavioral traits were also consistent, but their magnitude varied. At least two populations did not exhibit relationships in two different years, one population's syndrome strength changed from 1 year to the next, and another population exhibited a relationship in 1 year only. Boldness and activity were fully decoupled in one population, underscoring the significance of syndromes in coping with environmental variability for a long-lived ectothermic vertebrate. This is the first study to document behavioral syndromes along the boldness, activity, and exploration axes in a wild terrestrial turtle. Our results emphasize the need to preserve behavioral diversity while maintaining syndrome integrity alongside genetic and ecological diversity, which together will promote the conservation of ornate box turtles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Effect of Note Order on the Response of Coal Tits to Conspecific, Heterospecific and Artificial Mobbing Calls","authors":"Ambre Salis,&nbsp;Axel Molina,&nbsp;Laura Mephane-Montel,&nbsp;Alexis Chaine,&nbsp;Philippe Schlenker,&nbsp;Emmanuel Chemla","doi":"10.1111/eth.13557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13557","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most Parid species produce specific, order-constrained mobbing calls. These calls elicit responses from both conspecifics and heterospecifics, with evidence indicating that such responses occur only when the calls are organised in this specific order. One notable exception is the coal tit (<i>Periparus ater</i>), a species that employs similar types of notes, yet does not exhibit clear order constraints within its mobbing sequences. Despite this apparent absence of order constraints, a recent experiment has demonstrated that coal tits may be sensitive to the order of notes in heterospecific calls. Therefore, the relative significance of note order in conspecific and heterospecific communication among coal tits remains unclear. We conducted a playback experiment to examine the effects of note order (natural coal tit order, typical Parid order and reversed order) and species identity (conspecific, familiar heterospecific—the great tit, <i>Parus major</i>, or artificial notes) on coal tit mobbing responses. Our findings indicate that coal tits exhibited a strong response to conspecific calls, regardless of the order of the notes; conversely, they displayed little to no response to heterospecific calls and artificial notes, irrespective of note order. A similar pattern was observed when assessing the general community response. This unexpectedly low response to familiar heterospecific calls may be attributable to a reduced density of great tits in the area we tested: ecological factors, such as community composition, may influence heterospecific mobbing behaviours and the subsequent biological interpretations of playback experiments. This study also underscores the necessity of conducting comparative research on closely related species to evaluate the potential generality of findings, such as strong order constraints recently observed in great tits and Japanese tits.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.13557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Just Hang On: Australian Gall Midges Suspend Themselves on Spider Silk Without Becoming Entangled","authors":"John Gould,&nbsp;Luke Reynolds","doi":"10.1111/eth.13560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spider silk is a versatile material that is exploited by its creators, but potentially also by other animals once deposited into the environment. In this study, we report on gall midges from the family Cecidomyiidae in Australia exploiting spider silk as roosting sites. Across two distant locations in New South Wales, Australia, we observed adult midges suspended motionless on aerial lines by their front pair of legs yet able to liberate themselves when disturbed. The benefit of using silk as a resting surface may include a reduction in predation risk by terrestrial and aerial predators that cannot reach individuals suspended in the air. This does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of predation by the silk-owners, given that the silk exploited for roosting is not part of aerial webs or capture threads that are sticky. Our observations complement those of gall midges from other continents that show an invertebrate actively exploiting the extended phenotype of a spider, which is an unexpected relationship between these animal types where one is typically the prey of the other. The capacity to suspend on silk lines may require certain silk line orientations or web architectures, constraining midges to exploit the extended phenotype of specific types of spiders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.13560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Ethics in Behavioral Studies—Advocating a Differentiated View","authors":"Hanja B. Brandl,&nbsp;Fritz Trillmich","doi":"10.1111/eth.13559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13559","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Animal behavior research has significantly advanced our understanding of animals as sentient, behaviorally complex, and often highly social beings. It has also deepened our knowledge of their needs and laid important foundations for how to treat them and their environments ethically and respectfully. It is paradoxical that bureaucratic hurdles and a political push to replace or drastically reduce animal experimentation now increasingly impede this research field. A group of established researchers working in the field of animal behavior covering topics from animal welfare, the consequences of individuality, chemical communication, and behavioral development has now highlighted the urgent need for a more nuanced perspective on animal experiments (Richter et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The debate between proponents, emphasizing the necessity of animal experiments in research, and opponents, raising animal welfare concerns, has led to entrenched positions and a polarized, black-and-white view of the issue. Close to 8 million animals are used in approved experiments across the European Union every year—comprising the ~7.5% being used in animal behavior studies, but also in a wide range of fields, from cancer research to drug testing and more. Here, at the latest, it should become obvious that animal experiments do not fit in just one drawer. They range from simply observing a fish swimming in a tank (a procedure with no burden to the animal) to attaching a small geolocator on a stork to understand its migration route, to conducting highly invasive procedures, for example, in testing cancer drugs or testing the safety of chemicals. While the severity (a measure to estimate the burden to the animals) of these examples greatly differs, all experiments are subject to the same rigorous and extensive ethical approval process. However, the vast majority of animal behavior and welfare studies impose at most only mild stress (the lowest of the severity classes) on the experimental animals. The authors therefore propose that the European severity classification of experimental procedures (Mild, Moderate, Non-recovery, and Severe) should also inform the permitting process, suggesting that lower severity levels correspond to expedited approvals (Richter et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Our focus, like that of Richter et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), is solely on the European situation. However, expanding the discussion to include regulations and procedures in other countries and continents could provide valuable insights.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Placing behavioral research in one category with more intrusive investigations, and the rigorous permitting procedures attached to it, causes serious problems in the field of education: School teachers find it almost impossible to introduce their pupils to live animals and it becomes increasingly difficult—even at the university level—to teach the correct handling of animals to zoology students and to induce a healthy empathy with animals. This","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.13559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Green Lynx Spiders (Peucetia viridans) Change Color in Response to Their Backgrounds?","authors":"Michael E. Vickers,&nbsp;Madison L. Heisey,&nbsp;Lisa A. Taylor","doi":"10.1111/eth.13558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For animals that traverse patchy or dynamic backgrounds, morphological color change can help to stay hidden from predators and prey. The green lynx spider (<i>Peucetia viridans</i>) is a sit-and-wait predator that hunts pollinators and other insects among vegetation. In the field, it is often bright green with variable patterns of white, red, orange, yellow, and purple, and individuals often appear well-matched to their backgrounds. A previous study that relied on human observers to assess color suggested these spiders can shift their body colors to match their surroundings. Our goal was to replicate this work using modern reflectance spectrophotometry to quantify spider colors. Across two experiments (in different years), we collected adult female spiders and assigned them to three differently colored backgrounds in the lab. Unexpectedly, we found little evidence that the spiders in our study shifted their colors to match their backgrounds. However, exploratory analyses revealed that color change did occur, just not as expected, and was likely related to senescence, diet, body condition, or some combination. We discuss these findings in the context of previous work and suggest that the complex nature of color change in this species makes it a promising candidate to provide novel insights for the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.13558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}