Ethology最新文献

{"title":"Correction to Successful Predatory-Avoidance Behaviour to Lion Auditory Cues During Soft-Release From Captivity in Cheetah","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/eth.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wemer, N., V. N. Naude, V. C. van der Merwe, M. Smit, G. de Lange, and J. Komdeur. 2022. “Successful Predatory-Avoidance Behaviour to Lion Auditory Cues During Soft-Release From Captivity in Cheetah.” <i>Ethology</i> 128: 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13261.</p><p>In the originally published article, the link in the Data Availability Statement is incorrect. The correct link is https://doi.org/10.25375/uct.14839575.</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Female Mate Choice and Male Calling Songs in the Chinese Cricket Is Modulated by the Intra-Sexual Competition Among Females","authors":"Bi-Yun Jia,&nbsp;Rong-Yu Xu,&nbsp;Xue-Fei Guo,&nbsp;Ning-Ning Sun,&nbsp;Zi-Bin He,&nbsp;Lu-Yao Mao,&nbsp;Bo Du","doi":"10.1111/eth.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although researchers have widely considered male song to influence female mate choice, it is less clear whether male song affects the likelihood of female encounters with males or their evaluation of potential mates. It is also unclear whether intra-sexual competition alters female reliance on male acoustic signals during mate selection. To investigate these questions, we conducted experimental studies on female mate choice in the Chinese cricket (<i>Gryllus chinensis</i>). We first demonstrated a significant correlation between the frequency of male courtship songs and calling songs and male body length. We then designed three experiments to manipulate males' ability to chirp. In each experiment, a group of female crickets (<i>n</i> = 2, 4, 6, and 8) chose between two males with known body and forewing lengths: in the first, one male could chirp while the other could not due to forewing removal; in the second, both males could chirp; and in the third, only the larger-bodied male had its forewings removed. In the first experiment, most females chose the male that could chirp. In the second, females preferred the larger-bodied male when competition was low, but selected the male with larger forewings when competition intensified. In the third experiment, significantly fewer females chose the larger-bodied male when we removed its forewings. These findings suggest that male acoustic behavior is used by females in choosing which males to approach and that intra-sexual competition among females modulates the influence of male calling song characteristics on female mate choice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 11","pages":"212-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female Condition Is Negatively Associated With Male Social Organization in Octodon degus","authors":"Loren D. Hayes,&nbsp;Loreto A. Correa,&nbsp;Culian L. Gao,&nbsp;Rupert Palme,&nbsp;Luis A. Ebensperger","doi":"10.1111/eth.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the costs and benefits of plural breeding, a reproductive strategy in which direct reproduction is shared by females in multi-female groups, requires that we examine the impact of males on females. The aim of this study was to examine potential additional fitness costs associated with male social organization to plurally breeding females in the caviomorph rodent, <i>Octodon degus</i>. Using a 10-year dataset, we used linear mixed model approaches to determine if male social organization was related to body mass, access to food resources, abundance of fleas, and glucocorticoid levels of females during offspring care. The body mass of adult females during lactation was negatively associated with the number of adult males per group and was marginally lower in groups with multiple males than in groups without males. Close examination of these trends suggests that the most biologically relevant difference is between groups with multiple males and groups without males. Male social organization did not impact female access to food, ectoparasitic flea loads, and FCM levels. Abundance of food and ectoparasite levels covaried with year of study and across females, while FCM levels varied across social groups examined. Altogether, these results suggest that the presence of male degus in multi-female groups has a small but negative effect on the condition of females. The lack of statistically significant relationships with other variables and untested conditions of the social environment and individual condition suggest that how males impact females is complex and condition-dependent.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 11","pages":"250-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Competition Breaks the Rules: Feeding Frenzy as a Trigger for Unexpected Fatal Shark Predation Bites on a Human Sea-User by Non Traumatogenic Carcharinids in the Oriental Mediterranean","authors":"Eric E. G. Clua,&nbsp;Kristian. J. Parton","doi":"10.1111/eth.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fatal shark attack on a male tourist in Hadera (Oriental Mediterranean coast) in 2025 involved several Dusky sharks (<i>Carcharhinus obscurus</i>), a species not considered to be traumatogenic to humans. Artificial provisioning in the area has resulted in habituation with behaviors including begging, potentially resulting in a bold shark displaying a first reflex/clumsiness bite targeting the camera held by the snorkeler, unintentionally wounding him. The sound and olfactory stimuli have likely triggered a feeding frenzy leading to multiple sharks engaging in predation bites. In this case study, extreme competition between individuals has probably overridden the non-instinctive prey nature of the human victim.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 11","pages":"260-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-Encysting Trematodes Increase the Frequency but Reduce the Repeatability of Surfacing Behaviour in Mottled Triplefin","authors":"Sila Viriyautsahakul,&nbsp;Robert Poulin,&nbsp;Jerusha Bennett,&nbsp;Sheri L. Johnson","doi":"10.1111/eth.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trophically transmitted parasites play a significant role in shaping food webs, especially in aquatic environments, due to their complex life cycles and transmission through predation. Helminths that use this transmission route, such as trematodes and cestodes, can manipulate host behaviour to increase the likelihood of predation by their next host. Recent research suggests that parasites may not only influence single behavioural traits but also multiple traits simultaneously, affecting both the expression and consistency of behaviours that potentially facilitate parasite transmission. To further test this hypothesis, our study examines the impact of the recently discovered brain-encysting trematode <i>Cardiocephaloides ovicorpus</i> on the behaviour and repeatability of personality traits in the mottled triplefin (<i>Forsterygion capito</i>) in Otago Harbour, New Zealand. Naturally infected fish were tested for seven behavioural traits, including exploration, observation, predator avoidance, boldness, surfacing, activity (tank crossing), and aggressiveness, across two trial days. Of the behavioural traits investigated, surfacing was the only one that showed a significant positive correlation with <i>C. ovicorpus</i> infection. Furthermore, our statistical model suggested a decrease in repeatability for this trait as a function of <i>C. ovicorpus</i> infection. It is possible that <i>C. ovicorpus</i> specifically targets the brain region responsible for controlling surfacing, as the increase in surfacing may expose fish to a higher risk of detection by avian predators, the parasite's definitive hosts. Additionally, a decrease in behavioural repeatability may increase the likelihood of mismatches between behavioural responses and stimuli, such as predator cues, further elevating predation risk. Future research could aim to uncover the complete life cycle of <i>C. ovicorpus</i> by identifying the unknown first intermediate host, enabling experimental infections of fish to determine the causal relationship between behavioural variation and parasite infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 11","pages":"239-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Reversal Learning and Inhibitory Control Related? Evidence From Urban Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus)","authors":"M. Candelaria Biagiotti Barchiesi,&nbsp;Germán O. García,&nbsp;Melina V. Castano,&nbsp;Laura M. Biondi","doi":"10.1111/eth.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Behavioral flexibility, the ability to adjust behavior in response to environmental changes, is crucial in extreme and novel urban environments. This study assessed behavioral flexibility in both immature (<i>n</i> = 11) and adult (<i>n</i> = 12) urban Kelp Gulls (<i>Larus dominicanus</i>). This is a generalist seabird highly associated with anthropogenic food resources, making it a valuable model to explore behavioral features that could promote this habit. We examined the relationship between a reversal learning task, which assessed the speed of acquisition and subsequent reversal of a stimulus–reward association, and a detour-reaching task, which tested inhibitory control by assessing the ability to suppress ineffective behaviors. The results showed no significant effect of age on either task. All individuals were able to control impulsive behaviors and reverse a previously acquired response. The reversal phase was more challenging than the acquisition phase, with individuals making more errors, especially regressive ones (i.e., inability to learn and maintain a new stimulus–reward association). Although the difference was not statistically significant, two clear patterns emerged: slower individuals during the acquisition made fewer errors and adapted more quickly during the reversal task and those who made more errors in the cylinder task also tended to make more errors in the reversal learning task. Our findings suggest that individuals learned a new color-reward association easier than they inhibited a previously learned response. This underscores the importance of inhibitory responses during the reversal phase. In conclusion, urban gulls exhibit notable cognitive abilities in adapting their behaviors and decision-making based on environmental cues, which could be crucial when exploiting diverse and dynamic food sources. Furthermore, behavioral flexibility was found to be independent of the age of the gulls. This may be because neophobia is low at all ages in this species; its effect is not strong enough to lead to a difference between adult and juvenile gulls.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 11","pages":"225-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggression, but Not Familiar Recognition, Occurs During Cohabitation in Females of a Hermit Crab","authors":"Haruka Kudo,&nbsp;Chiaki I. Yasuda","doi":"10.1111/eth.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aggressive interactions are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom and are a key context favoring the evolution of familiar recognition. This cognitive ability has been widely reported in male crustaceans, including <i>Pagurus</i> hermit crabs. However, our understanding of female–female aggression and female cognitive ability remains relatively limited. Here, we describe the pattern of intrasexual aggression and assess the presence of familiar recognition in females of the hermit crab <i>Pagurus middendorffii</i> through two consecutive trials with 1-day's cohabitation. In the first trial, pairs of similar-sized females typically engaged in aggression using their appendages, though shell fights were rare. Following a 1-day's cohabitation, in the second trial, female behaviors did not differ between familiar (previously paired) females and unfamiliar (newly paired) females. As familiar recognition is beneficial in avoiding the associated costs of aggression, the lower frequency of energetically costly shell fights might explain the lack of evidence for familiar recognition in female <i>P. middendorffii</i>, as the benefits of recognizing opponents in such less intense interactions may be limited.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 11","pages":"205-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wolf-Dog Hybrids Are More Fearful but as Social and Playful as Dogs","authors":"Angelica Tagliarini,&nbsp;Hans Temrin","doi":"10.1111/eth.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Domestication is a selection process where animals become more docile and easier to handle than their wild counterparts. This selection for ‘tameness’ has been suggested to lead to several behavioral modifications in domesticated animals, such as becoming more social and more playful towards humans, and also less aggressive and less fearful than their wild counterparts. The first animal to be domesticated was the dog, which is well-known for their pro-social relationship with humans. In an attempt to understand which behavioral changes occurred when the dog was domesticated, we used wolf-dog hybrids as a proxy for wolves and compared their behavior with the behavior of German shepherds, Siberian huskies, and Alaskan malamutes, which were the main dog breeds they were mixed with. We found that wolf-dog hybrids were as social as the dogs and that they did not show any signs of aggression. While the wolf-dog hybrids were less playful than German shepherds, they had the same levels of human-directed playfulness as Siberian huskies and Alaskan malamutes. The long-lasting fear reactions of the wolf-dog hybrids in this study, while almost absent in the three dog breeds, suggest that this fearfulness is a heritage from wolves, while dogs have adapted during domestication to have less fearful reactions in human environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 10","pages":"187-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Simulated Bear Attacks on Thatch Ant (Formica obscuripes) Defense of Honeydew-Producing Aphids","authors":"Chloe Loveland,&nbsp;Joshua B. Grinath,&nbsp;Jessica A. Cusick","doi":"10.1111/eth.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Defensive mutualisms occur in many ecosystems, but the impacts of environmental stressors on defensive services are unclear. Predation stress can create trophic cascades that influence relationships in lower trophic levels in food webs, including defensive mutualisms. Eusocial species often engage in defensive mutualisms, and stressors experienced by individuals within a colony may affect the behavior of the entire colony, such as cooperative and aggressive behaviors in defensive services. We tested whether experiencing a simulated bear attack (i.e., predation stress) affects mutualist defense behavior of a eusocial species, western thatch ants (<i>Formica obscuripes</i>), which defend aphids against predators in exchange for honeydew food. We exposed randomly selected thatch ant nests to a simulated bear attack to mimic natural bear predation (2022: <i>n</i> = 6 simulated bear attack, <i>n</i> = 22 not attacked; 2023: <i>n</i> = 8 simulated bear attack, <i>n</i> = 29 not attacked). We then exposed aphid-tending thatch ants to an aphid predator stimulus (e.g., lady beetle) approximately 5 weeks and 13 weeks after the simulated bear attack. Ants attacked the lady beetle more frequently during the second trial compared to the first trial, but this was more pronounced for ants whose colony did not experience the simulated bear attack. Year also interacted with trial time point to affect ants' behavior on the plants near aphid aggregations. Our results suggest that predation stress caused by the simulated bear attack may cause changes in ant defensive services that can last for months and which may be complicated by yearly differences in abiotic and biotic factors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 10","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Free-Range Rock Cavy (Kerodon rupestris) Communicates the Urgency of a Threat Using Different Alarm Calls","authors":"Wesley N. Almeida,&nbsp;Sérgio L. G. Nogueira-Filho,&nbsp;Kamila S. Barros,&nbsp;Selene S. C. Nogueira","doi":"10.1111/eth.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines whether rock cavies (<i>Kerodon rupestris</i>), which are social rodents, modulate their alarm calls in response to various threat contexts. Conducted across four sample areas within two study sites in the Brazilian Caatinga region, alarm calls were collected using the ad libitum method. The acoustic responses of free-ranging rock cavies were then analyzed using discriminant function analysis and generalized mixed linear models to classify vocal types and assess differences in vocalization rates and acoustic parameters. The findings reveal that rock cavies produce both slow and fast alarm whistles in response to threats. Fast alarm whistles, emitted exclusively in response to nearby ocelots (<i>Leopardus pardalis</i>), exhibited a lower pitch (<i>F</i>_1,16.20 = 11.41, <i>p</i> = 0.004), shorter duration (<i>F</i>_1,22.59 = 14.93, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and shorter pulse intervals (<i>F</i>_1,21.29 = 6.08, <i>p</i> = 0.022) compared to the slow alarm whistles. Slow alarm whistles were produced when rock cavies were threatened by distant ocelots, as well as by both distant and closer humans, dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>), marmosets (<i>Callithrix</i> spp.), tayras (<i>Eira barbara</i>), and birds of prey (<i>Caracara plancus</i>). The type of threat influenced the pulse intervals (<i>F</i>_6,23.26 = 12.69, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and the high frequency (<i>F</i>_6,18.15 = 12.08, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) of slow alarm whistles. Rock cavies produced shorter pulse intervals when threatened by ocelots, birds of prey, or tayras compared to humans and dogs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and higher-pitched slow alarm whistles when threatened by dogs, ocelots, humans, or birds of prey compared to capuchin monkeys and tayras (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, shorter pulse intervals (<i>F</i>_1,25.73 = 28.87, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were emitted when threats were nearby compared to more distant threats. This study highlights the influence of various threats and their proximity on the modulation of rock cavy alarm calls, showcasing their behavioral adaptability. This crucial survival strategy not only enhances our understanding of rock cavies' behavior but also has the potential to inspire research in other species and ecological contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50494,"journal":{"name":"Ethology","volume":"131 10","pages":"175-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eth.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}