European Journal of Dental Education最新文献

{"title":"Stress and Confidence of Undergraduate Dental Students With Different Levels of Clinical Experience in Managing Endodontic Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Virginie Chuy, Pierre Matyjasik, Raphaël Devillard, Olivia Kérourédan","doi":"10.1111/eje.13072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the stress and confidence of dental students during the management of an endodontic emergency (EE) and investigate the associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 227 undergraduate dental students undergoing clinical training (i.e., in the fourth, fifth, or sixth year) who responded to questions asking for their overall level of stress during an EE and their level of confidence in their ability to manage 50 steps of EE management related to communication and technical skills, and clinical examination and decision-making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Managing EE was perceived as slightly or fairly stressful by 70% of the fourth- to sixth-year students. The fourth- and fifth-year students felt significantly greater stress (p = 0.026) and lower confidence (p < 0.001) than the sixth-year students, as did women (p < 0.001 for both). No significant difference in stress or confidence levels was observed across the clinical training environments evaluated. Just over half of the students reported being confident about discussing a case with their teacher. The situations in which students felt least confident were patient management, crack detection, lymph node palpation, locoregional or intrapulpal anaesthesia, and intraoral drainage, and those in which students gained the most confidence in the sixth year compared to the lower grades were clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Managing EE was perceived as slightly or fairly stressful for most students, and stress decreased, while confidence increased in the 3 years of clinical training. Although these findings are positive for the existing training program, there is still work to be done to improve students' learning experiences, especially on teacher receptiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Electronic Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (e-OSCEs) for Prosthodontic Clinical Assessment.","authors":"Marjan Moghadam, Thomas W Mucciolo, Leila Jahangiri","doi":"10.1111/eje.13077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) serve as a reliable assessment tool for clinical and competency evaluation. Traditional OSCEs, involving live patients, present logistical challenges and evoke student anxiety. In an effort to create a comprehensive clinical series of examinations, electronic OSCEs (e-OSCEs) were developed for assessing clinical competencies in prosthodontics at a large dental school. This manuscript aims to describe e-OSCEs as a competency assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The e-OSCEs were implemented for the graduating classes from 2014 to 2023, covering categories of Single-unit Crowns and Fixed Partial Dentures, Implants, Removable Partial Dentures and Complete Dentures. A digital library of clinically relevant questions was developed to simulate chairside scenarios. Competence in any area was defined as scoring a 100% where questions were taken from a pool that represented the full scope of the clinical procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten-year retrospective data indicate sustained student performance over the years, with the majority achieving competence after three e-OSCE attempts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Advantages of the e-OSCE include standardised assessments, reduced examiner bias and adaptability to external disruptions in addition to fair and relevant evaluations, cost-effectiveness and test security. Evaluation of e-OSCE outcomes allows ease of analysis for curriculum enhancement and modification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The e-OSCE method of clinical assessment offers a standardised, clinically equivalent and efficient process for assessing dental students' competencies. The assessment methodology aligns with US accreditation standards and can be easily adapted by other institutions with different grading parameters for comprehensive clinical assessments. This approach provides a feasible and effective method for assessments in dental education.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Classrooms and Communities: The Transformative Impact of Community-Based Dental Education on the Learning Experiences of Undergraduate Students.","authors":"Kamran Ali, Sruthi Sunil, Nidhi Gupta, Rebecca Glanville, T Vanishree, Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri, Asmaa Al Khtib","doi":"10.1111/eje.13076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of community-based dental education (CBDE) on the learning experiences of undergraduate dental students and recent dental graduates from two diverse geographical regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study followed a cross-sectional design, conducted online using Google Forms, with ethical approval from Qatar University. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used to recruit dental students and recent graduates from three institutions in India and one in Qatar. A questionnaire based on 20 closed-ended items and two open-ended questions, developed by a team of dental academics, was used for data collection. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and thematic analysis for open-ended responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 148 participants, with 116 female (78.37%) and 32 male (21.62%) students, mostly from India (75%) and the rest from Qatar (25%). ANOVA revealed significant differences based on age, country and stage of education (p < 0.001). Dental interns had the highest mean score (1.12 ± 0.8), while Year 2 students had the lowest (0.75 ± 1.08). Female participants had a slightly higher mean score (1.05 ± 0.77) than male participants (0.92 ± 0.98), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.127). Key challenges included inadequate support and cultural barriers in India, and conflicts with religious obligations and didactic workload in Qatar. Recommendations focused on enhancing field activities, logistical support and mentorship programmes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study shows that dental students value CBDE for developing essential skills for community engagement. However, challenges differ across socio-cultural contexts, highlighting the need for more localised and supportive frameworks to improve CBDE experiences. The variation in student perceptions by age, education stage and country suggests that CBDE strategies should be flexible and adaptable to address the diverse learning needs of students.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning Curve in the Extraction of Impacted Lower Third Molars: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Alba Sánchez-Torres, Eliana Sabreen, Xavier Arias-Huerta, Octavi Camps-Font, Rui Figueiredo, Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón, Cosme Gay-Escoda","doi":"10.1111/eje.13066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Third molar removal is one of the most common surgical procedures in dentistry. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the learning curve of dentists undergoing surgical training. Thus, the aims of this study were to assess the performance of oral surgery residents in third molar extractions based on operative time and the occurrence of incidents/complications, and to determine which variables are associated with surgical difficulty.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was carried out in adults requiring an impacted lower third molar extraction. All procedures were performed by residents of a master's degree in Oral Surgery and Implantology. The outcome variables were operative time and surgeon-reported difficulty. A descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and 74 patients were operated on by six students. Similar performance was observed among the surgeons. Although a significant improvement in operative time was seen after 10 cases, a non-significant decreasing trend of incidents was also found. The multivariate analysis revealed an association between difficulty with crown/root sectioning and impaction against the second molar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At least 10 lower impacted third molar extractions performed by postgraduate students with experience in tooth extractions are required to improve the operative time. Incidents seem to decrease slightly with the number of procedures performed. Surgical difficulty seems to be related to the need for crown/tooth sectioning and greater impaction against the second molar. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generic Competencies in Dentistry: Students' and Teachers' Perceptions of Their Professional Relevance and Their Development in Undergraduate Studies at Universidad Diego Portales of Chile.","authors":"Milena Soto-Araya, Josep E Baños, Jorge Pérez, Elisabeth Moyano","doi":"10.1111/eje.13070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Generic competencies are transferable skills, knowledge and attitudes essential for personal and professional development and not restricted to any particular field. Evidence shows the relevance of incorporating them into the dentistry curriculum. However, defining which competencies to prioritise is complex and requires input from the academic community. This research aimed to understand the perception of dentistry students and teachers at Universidad Diego Portales regarding the importance of generic competencies in the profession and their development during undergraduate studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>74 teachers and 256 students participated, representing 55% of the study population. The Tuning Latin America project's generic competencies questionnaire was used, assessing 27 competencies in terms of relevance, ranking, and development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive perception regarding the importance of generic competencies was observed, with over 90% of participants considering them quite or highly relevant. When ranking, five skills stood out: three from the learning process, one from social values, and one from interpersonal skills. Regarding the development of such skills, both teachers and students expressed that many competencies were not well implemented; over 50% of participants considered 14 of the presented skills as poorly developed or not developed at all.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Each programme must select generic competencies for their students' training, as this definition varies according to the consulted group and country.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both teachers and students recognised the professional relevance of generic competencies in dentistry. Both groups perceived that many were not adequately developed in the curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychomotor Skills of Domestic and Internationally Trained Dental Students in Pre-Clinical Dental Education.","authors":"Mandeep Kaur Rainu, Bernard Linke, Giseon Heo, Maryam Kebbe, Yuli Berlin-Broner, Maryam Amin, Arnaldo Perez Garcia","doi":"10.1111/eje.13071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Evidence on the pre-clinical and clinical performance of internationally trained dental students compared with domestic students and competency standards is limited. The aim of this study was to compare, relatively and normatively, the psychomotor skills of domestic and internationally trained dental students who participated in the same pre-clinical, 9-week, fixed prosthodontics course.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Course grades were collected for a total of 224 domestic and 66 internationally trained dental students between 2014 and 2020. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and chi-square tests were used to describe and compare the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the start of the course, slightly developed or underdeveloped psychomotor skills were observed in 47.8% of domestic students and 34.8% of internationally trained dental students; however, at the end of the course, 78.1% of domestic students and 69.7% of internationally trained dental students had developed or very developed psychomotor skills. Internationally trained dental students had significantly higher psychomotor skills at the start (p = 0.009), but not at the end (p = 0.285) of the course compared to their domestic counterparts. The improvement in psychomotor skills observed in domestic students was significantly greater than that of internationally trained dental students (p = 0.003). At the start of the course, 85.7% of domestic students and 75.5% of internationally trained dental students exhibited training needs. Training needs decreased at the end of the course in both groups but remained sizable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While internationally trained dental students outperformed domestic students at baseline, no significant differences were observed between the two groups by the end of the course. Both groups exhibited training needs at both time points, underscoring the necessity for continued scaffolded support.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Students' Perceptions of Strategies to Improve Well-Being in Dentistry.","authors":"Charlotte Cheuk Kwan Chan, Elise Hoi Wan Fok, Michael George Botelho","doi":"10.1111/eje.13065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A number of papers have reported on stressors to students in the dental curriculum. This paper analyses perceptions of strategies to improve well-being among final-year dental students in a dental curriculum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was performed to create a question guide to explore issues of wellness and stress in a dental curriculum. Final-year dental students were invited to an interview using random sampling and issues related to strategies for well-being were analysed by an inductive-deductive approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen interviews were conducted, yielding three themes under the overarching domain of strategies to improve dental student well-being. Under the theme of well-being management, students wished for training on stress reduction for their personal well-being and guidance on communication, referral and mental health support to manage the well-being of colleagues and patients. The second theme, mentoring, covered peer support in the form of a 'buddy system' and sharing from recent graduates to help students gain practical and career advice about post-graduation challenges. Finally, suggestions for institutional support included providing in-house counsellors in the dental hospital with specialised knowledge about the unique concerns of dental students and clear leave of absence policies that treat mental and physical health equally to encourage help-seeking and reduce the fear of disclosure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The experiences of final-year dental students were sampled to explore potential approaches to improve well-being in the dental school environment. Guided by these student perspectives, specific strategies have been implemented and recommended to improve the wellness support provided by the faculty for dental students.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Team-Based Approach to Oral Diagnosis Education: Case of the Week.","authors":"Natheer H Al-Rawi, Sausan Al Kawas, Marwan M Mohammed, Wael Taha, Ahmad M Hamdan","doi":"10.1111/eje.13068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional oral diagnosis education often relies on passive lectures and individual case assessments. Team-based learning (TBL) offers an interactive alternative, but implementation challenges can exist. The 'Case of the Week (COW)' method presents a potentially modified TBL approach for oral diagnosis education.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the COW method in enhancing student engagement for acquiring knowledge and diagnostic skills in oral diagnosis. Additionally, we seek to explore its impact on promoting teamwork and collaboration among students, as well as assessing overall student satisfaction with this learning approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Students were invited to participate in a post-COW questionnaire. This questionnaire utilised a five-point Likert scale to gather student ratings across five distinct domains: Knowledge acquisition, Learning environment, Student preparedness for assessment, Student preparedness as a clinician and overall student experience with the COW activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 75%, with 140 responses gathered from two groups of 70 students in each. The majority of students found COW activity valuable for acquiring knowledge (intellectual stimulation, critical thinking), teamwork and presentation skills and creating a comfortable learning environment. Furthermore, students indicated that the COW was more effective than traditional lectures in preparing them for future clinical practice. Furthermore, students reported that the COW motivated independent learning, facilitated research skills development and enhanced communication abilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COW method has the potential to be an effective and engaging modified TBL approach for oral diagnosis education. By fostering knowledge acquisition, promoting teamwork and enhancing student satisfaction, it offers a dynamic and impactful learning experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Spatial Representation on the Quality of Prosthodontic Procedures.","authors":"Raphaël Wakam, Sixtine Riom, Maxime Leroy, Marion Dehurtevent","doi":"10.1111/eje.13046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The correlation between the three-dimensional spatial representation (3DSR) abilities, specifically involving spatial orientation, spatial visualisation and spatial relationship, and the performance in exercises related to preclinical practical exams in fixed prosthodontics and removable partial denture is not studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Assess the correlation between the 3DSR abilities and the performance in exercises related to preclinical practical exams in fixed prosthodontics and removable partial denture carried out by second and third year dental students.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The 3DSR abilities (spatial orientation, spatial visualisation and spatial relationship) and the scores of preclinical practical exams in prosthetics were tested on 187 students. All tests were carried out during 2 weeks. The association was tested by Spearman's correlation or Wilcoxon's signed ranks test and adjusted using Holm's method. The comparison of the 3DSR scores between second and third year students was performed by Student's test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For second year students, there is no correlation between the 3DSR score and the removable partial denture score, whereas a correlation (p = 0.048) was found with the fixed prosthodontic score. For third year students, there is a positive correlation (Rho = 0.23) with the removable partial denture score (p = 0.024), but no correlation was found with the fixed prosthodontic score. There was no significant difference between the second year and the third year students (p = 0.360).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 3DSR tests permitted to improve the performance of dental students during preclinical practical exams in fixed prosthodontics or removable partial denture.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Scholastic Performance in Dental Undergraduate Students-A Scoping Review.","authors":"Kamyar Bagheri, Frank W Licari, Kamran H Awan, Shilpa Bhandi, Claudia M Tellez Freitas, Shankargouda Patil","doi":"10.1111/eje.13061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.13061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The review was intended to evaluate the relationship of the nature of sleep with academic performances among undergraduate dental students.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Scopus, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases were explored using a combination of MeSH terminologies for studies published until May 2023. JBI Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist was considered for data extraction and quality assessment while Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was considered for the assessment of certainty of evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies that fulfilled the selection criteria were considered and they comprised an overall of 2738 students. Different questionnaires to assess the quality of sleep were recorded in the studies such as the Dental Environmental Stress questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The academic performance was evaluated through self-reported grade point average. Based on the observations, a significant relationship between sleep quality and scholastic performance was established. Subjects with better sleep quality showed greater academic performance, along with enhanced cognitive abilities. The specific quality of sleep indicators, comprising duration of sleep, disturbances in sleep patterns, stimulant drinks, and efficiency of sleep, were reported to be linked with academic performance outcomes. A majority of the studies revealed a higher risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings emphasise the importance of the promotion of healthy sleep habits and attendance of sleep-related issues for the optimisation of scholastic achievements and general well-being in this particular population. Future research should concentrate on the development of interventions and strategies for the enhancement of sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO number: CRD42024507372.</p>","PeriodicalId":50488,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Dental Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}