Energies最新文献_第6页

Demand Response of Integrated Zero-Carbon Power Plant: Model and Method 综合零碳发电厂的需求响应：模型与方法

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143431

Rong Xia, Jun Dai, Xiangjie Cheng, Jiaqing Fan, Jing Ye, Qiangang Jia, Sijie Chen, Qiang Zhang

引用次数: 0

Removal of Nitrogen Pollutants in the Chemical Looping Process: A Review 在化学循环过程中去除氮污染物：综述

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143432

Yuchao Zhou, Xinfei Chen, Yan Lin, Daheoi Song, Min Mao, Xuemei Wang, Shengwang Mo, Yang Li, Zhen Huang, Fang He

{"title":"Removal of Nitrogen Pollutants in the Chemical Looping Process: A Review","authors":"Yuchao Zhou, Xinfei Chen, Yan Lin, Daheoi Song, Min Mao, Xuemei Wang, Shengwang Mo, Yang Li, Zhen Huang, Fang He","doi":"10.3390/en17143432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143432","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of fuel utilization, traditional combustion technologies result in the conversion of nitrogen elements in fuels into nitrogen oxides, which are released into the atmosphere, posing serious threats to the environment and human health. The chemical looping process (CLP) is an effective technology for reducing nitrogen-containing (N-containing) pollutants during fuel utilization. During the CLP, the oxygen carrier (OC) can oxidize nitrogen oxide precursors (NH3 and HCN) released from the fuel to N2, while the reduced OC can reduce nitrogen oxides to N2. The achievement of efficient nitrogen pollutant removal relies on the development of highly active oxygen carriers (OCs). This review summarizes the recent progress in the removal of nitrogen pollutants within chemical looping processes (CLPs). It delineates the formation pathways of N-containing pollutants (NH3, HCN, NO, NO2 and N2O) and highlights the performance of various OCs. The influence of reaction conditions and feedstock characteristics is also discussed. Ni-based OCs have demonstrated superior performance in the removal of N-containing pollutants, exhibiting strong oxidation capabilities and excellent catalytic properties. Moreover, iron ore, as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly feedstock, holds promise for wide-scale application. Future research should focus on further optimizing OCs strategies and refining reaction conditions to achieve more efficient and economical N-containing pollutant removal, thereby fostering the widespread application of chemical looping technology in the energy sector.","PeriodicalId":504870,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review on Surface Functionalization and Characterization of Silicon Oxide Nanoparticle: Implications for Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery 氧化硅纳米粒子表面功能化与表征综述：对提高碳氢化合物回收率的意义

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143429

Yuhang Zhou, Yiran Jiang, Junzhang Lin, S. Aidarova, M. Gabdullin, M. Issakhov, Huifang Fan

引用次数: 0

Building a Sustainable Future: A Three-Stage Risk Management Model for High-Permeability Power Grid Engineering 建设可持续的未来：高渗透性电网工程的三阶段风险管理模式

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143439

Weijie Wu, Dongwei Li, Hui Sun, Yixin Li, Yining Zhang, Mingrui Zhao

{"title":"Building a Sustainable Future: A Three-Stage Risk Management Model for High-Permeability Power Grid Engineering","authors":"Weijie Wu, Dongwei Li, Hui Sun, Yixin Li, Yining Zhang, Mingrui Zhao","doi":"10.3390/en17143439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143439","url":null,"abstract":"Under the background of carbon neutrality, it is important to construct a large number of high-permeability power grid engineering (HPGE) systems, since these can aid in addressing the security and stability challenges brought about by the high proportion of renewable energy. Construction and engineering frequently involve multiple risk considerations. In this study, we constructed a three-stage comprehensive risk management model of HPGE, which can help to overcome the issues of redundant risk indicators, imprecise risk assessment techniques, and irrational risk warning models in existing studies. First, we use the fuzzy Delphi model to identify the key risk indicators of HPGE. Then, the Bayesian best–worst method (Bayesian BWM) is adopted, as well as the measurement alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution (MARCOS) approach, to evaluate the comprehensive risks of projects; these methods are proven to have more reliable weighting results and a larger sample separation through comparative analysis. Finally, we established an early warning risk model on the basis of the non-compensation principle, which can help prevent the issue of actual risk warning outcomes from being obscured by some indicators. The results show that the construction of the new power system and clean energy consumption policy are the key risk factors affecting HPGE. It was found that four projects are in an extremely high-risk warning state, five are in a relatively high-risk warning state, and one is in a medium-risk warning state. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the risk prevention of HPGE and to develop a reasonable closed-loop risk control mechanism.","PeriodicalId":504870,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Crested Porcupine Optimizer Algorithm and CNN-LSTM-Attention Model Combined with Deep Learning Methods to Enhance Short-Term Power Forecasting in PV Generation 使用 Crested Porcupine 优化算法和 CNN-LSTM-Attention 模型与深度学习方法相结合，加强光伏发电的短期功率预测

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143435

Yiling Fan, Zhuang Ma, Wanwei Tang, Jing Liang, Pengfei Xu

{"title":"Using Crested Porcupine Optimizer Algorithm and CNN-LSTM-Attention Model Combined with Deep Learning Methods to Enhance Short-Term Power Forecasting in PV Generation","authors":"Yiling Fan, Zhuang Ma, Wanwei Tang, Jing Liang, Pengfei Xu","doi":"10.3390/en17143435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143435","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the inherent intermittency, variability, and randomness, photovoltaic (PV) power generation faces significant challenges in energy grid integration. To address these challenges, current research mainly focuses on developing more efficient energy management systems and prediction technologies. Through optimizing scheduling and integration in PV power generation, the stability and reliability of the power grid can be further improved. In this study, a new prediction model is introduced that combines the strengths of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and attention mechanisms, so we call this algorithm CNN-LSTM-Attention (CLA). In addition, the Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO) algorithm is utilized to solve the short-term prediction problem in photovoltaic power generation. This model is abbreviated as CPO-CLA. This is the first time that the CPO algorithm has been introduced into the LSTM algorithm for parameter optimization. To effectively capture univariate and multivariate time series patterns, multiple relevant and target variables prediction patterns (MRTPPs) are employed in the CPO-CLA model. The results show that the CPO-CLA model is superior to traditional methods and recent popular models in terms of prediction accuracy and stability, especially in the 13 h timestep. The integration of attention mechanisms enables the model to adaptively focus on the most relevant historical data for future power prediction. The CPO algorithm further optimizes the LSTM network parameters, which ensures the robust generalization ability of the model. The research results are of great significance for energy generation scheduling and establishing trust in the energy market. Ultimately, it will help integrate renewable energy into the grid more reliably and efficiently.","PeriodicalId":504870,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability Control of Grid-Connected Converter Considering Phase-Locked Loop Frequency Coupling Effect 考虑锁相环频率耦合效应的并网变流器稳定性控制

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143438

Ye Zhang, Haibo Pen, Xiaoyu Zhang

{"title":"Stability Control of Grid-Connected Converter Considering Phase-Locked Loop Frequency Coupling Effect","authors":"Ye Zhang, Haibo Pen, Xiaoyu Zhang","doi":"10.3390/en17143438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143438","url":null,"abstract":"Given the problems that the phase-locked loop frequency coupling effect (PLL-FCE) in a weak grid reduces the quality of the output current waveform and brings challenges to maintaining a steady running of the grid-connected converter (GCC), this paper analyzes the coupling relationship between the FCE of the PLL, grid impedance and the output impedance of GCCs under a weak grid. It elucidates the role of the above coupling relationships in system stability and then proposes a stability optimization control method. Firstly, this paper delves into the frequency coupling phenomenon and its coupling mechanism in GCCs operating within weak grid conditions. Through analysis using small signal disturbance, it elucidates the significance of the PLL-FCE, particularly in medium- and low-frequency ranges, by establishing the coupling admittance model. Secondly, it presents the output impedance model for a three-phase LCL-type GCC, incorporating the characteristics of PLL frequency coupling. This model elucidates the interplay between the GCC’s output impedance, the PLL-FCE and the grid impedance. It also unveils the impact of the PLL-FCE on system stability in weak grid scenarios. Building upon these insights, this paper proposes an enhanced PLL based on the Second-Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI). It provides a detailed parameter design process for implementing these improved PLL structures. Finally, the study conducts simulation and experiment verification under weak grid conditions. The findings indicate that the PLL-FCE indeed undermines the stability of GCCs in the weak grid, with this effect becoming more pronounced as the grid impedance increases. However, the implementation of the SOGI-PLL successfully mitigates the adverse impact of the PLL-FCE on the stability of the converter–weak grid interactive system, thereby enhancing the adaptability of GCCs to weak grid environments.","PeriodicalId":504870,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review on the Impact of Transmission Line Compensation and RES Integration on Protection Schemes 输电线路补偿和可再生能源集成对保护方案的影响综述

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143433

Ntombenhle L Mazibuko, K. Akindeji, K. Moloi

{"title":"A Review on the Impact of Transmission Line Compensation and RES Integration on Protection Schemes","authors":"Ntombenhle L Mazibuko, K. Akindeji, K. Moloi","doi":"10.3390/en17143433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143433","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa is currently experiencing an energy crisis because of a mismatch between energy supply and demand. Increasing energy demand necessitates the adequate operation of generation and transmission facilities to maintain the reliability of the power system. Transmission line compensation is used to increase the ability to transfer power, thereby enhancing system stability, voltage regulation, and reactive power balance. Also, in recent years, the introduction of renewable energy sources (RES) has proven to be effective in supporting the grid by providing additional energy. As a result, the dynamics of power systems have changed, and many developing nations are adopting the integration of renewable energy into the grid to increase the aspect ratio of the energy availability factor. While both techniques contribute to the grid’s ability to meet energy demand, they frequently introduce technical challenges that affect the stability and protection of the systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the challenges introduced by transmission line compensation and the integration of renewable energy, as well as the various techniques proposed in the literature to address these issues. Different compensation techniques, including fault detection, classification, and location, for compensated and uncompensated transmission lines, including those connected to renewable energy sources, are reviewed. This paper then analyzes the adaptive distance protection schemes available in the literature to mitigate the impact of compensation/integration of RES into the grid. Based on the literature reviewed, it is essential for protection engineers to understand the dynamics introduced by network topology incorporating a combination of RES and heavily compensated transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":504870,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uninterruptible Power Supply Topology Based on Single-Phase Matrix Converter with Active Power Filter Functionality 基于具有有源电力滤波器功能的单相矩阵转换器的不间断电源拓扑结构

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143441

Muhammad Shawwal Mohamad Rawi, R. Baharom, M. A. Mohd Radzi

{"title":"Uninterruptible Power Supply Topology Based on Single-Phase Matrix Converter with Active Power Filter Functionality","authors":"Muhammad Shawwal Mohamad Rawi, R. Baharom, M. A. Mohd Radzi","doi":"10.3390/en17143441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143441","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel uninterruptible power supply (UPS) configuration that integrates active power filter (APF) capabilities within a single-phase matrix converter (SPMC) framework. Power disruptions, particularly affecting critical loads, can lead to substantial economic damages. Historically, conventional UPS systems utilized dual separate converters to function as a rectifier and an inverter, without incorporating any power factor correction (PFC) mechanisms. Such configurations suffered from diminished power density, compromised reliability, and spatial limitations. To address these issues, this research proposes an enhanced UPS design that incorporates APF features into the SPMC. The focus of this investigation is on the efficiency of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) conversion and the reverse process utilizing this advanced UPS model. The SPMC is selected to supplant the rectifier and inverter units traditionally employed in UPS architectures. A novel integrated switching strategy is formulated to facilitate the operation of the UPS in either rectifier (charging) or inverter (discharging) modes, contingent upon the operational state. The performance and efficacy of the devised circuit design and switching technique are substantiated through simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink 2019 and empirical evaluations using a test rig. The findings demonstrate that the voltage generated is sinusoidal and synchronized with the supply current, thereby minimizing the total harmonic distortion (THD) and enhancing both the power factor and the transition efficiency of the UPS system between its charging and discharging states.","PeriodicalId":504870,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control of Linear Stages in Feedback-Error-Learning Structure Using Laser Interferometer 利用激光干涉仪对反馈-错误-学习结构中的线性阶段进行区间-2 型模糊逻辑控制

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143434

M. A. Khanesar, Minrui Yan, Aslihan Karaca, Mohammed Isa, Samanta Piano, David Branson

{"title":"Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control of Linear Stages in Feedback-Error-Learning Structure Using Laser Interferometer","authors":"M. A. Khanesar, Minrui Yan, Aslihan Karaca, Mohammed Isa, Samanta Piano, David Branson","doi":"10.3390/en17143434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143434","url":null,"abstract":"The output processer of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2FLSs) is a complex operator which performs type-reduction plus defuzzification (TR+D) tasks. In this paper, a complexity-reduced yet high-performance TR+D for IT2FLSs based on Maclaurin series approximation is utilized within a feedback-error-learning (FEL) control structure for controlling linear move stages. IT2FLSs are widely used for control purposes, as they provide extra degrees of freedom to increase control accuracies. FEL benefits from a classical controller, which is responsible for providing overall system stability, as well as a guideline for the training mechanism for IT2FLSs. The Kalman filter approach is utilized to tune IT2FLS parameters in this FEL structure. The proposed control method is applied to a linear stage in real time. Using an identification process, a model of the real-time linear stage is developed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed FEL approach using the Kalman filter as an estimator is an effective approach that outperforms the gradient descent-based FEL method and the proportional derivative (PD) classical controller. Motivated by the performance of the proposed Kalman filter-based FEL approach, it is used to control a linear move stage in real time. The position feedback of the move stage is provided by a precision laser interferometer capable of performing measurements with an accuracy of less than 1 μm. Using this measurement system in a feedback loop with the proposed control algorithm, the overall steady state of the system is less than 20 μm. The results illustrate the high-precision control capability of the proposed controller in real-time.","PeriodicalId":504870,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing the Design of Single-Axis Sun Sensor Solar Tracking System 开发设计单轴太阳传感器太阳能跟踪系统

Energies Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/en17143442

Abdulrhman Alshaabani

引用次数: 0