Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of the selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, cilostazol, and antioxidants, enzymatically-modified isoquercitrin and α-lipoic acid, reduce dextran sulphate sodium-induced colorectal mucosal injury in mice","authors":"Yumi Kangawa ,&nbsp;Toshinori Yoshida ,&nbsp;Hajime Abe ,&nbsp;Yoshiki Seto ,&nbsp;Taishi Miyashita ,&nbsp;Michi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Tohru Kihara ,&nbsp;Shim-mo Hayashi ,&nbsp;Makoto Shibutani","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Developing effective treatments<span> and preventing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are urgent challenges in improving patients’ health. It has been suggested that </span></span>platelet activation<span><span> and reactive oxidative species generation are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. We examined the inhibitory effects of a selective phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor, cilostazol<span><span> (CZ), and two antioxidants, enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) and α-lipoic acid (ALA), against </span>dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. BALB/c mice were treated with 0.3% CZ, 1.5% EMIQ, and 0.2% ALA in their feed. </span></span>Colitis was induced by administering 5% DSS in drinking water for 8</span></span> <span><span><span>days. The inhibitory effects of these substances were evaluated by measuring relevant clinical symptoms (faecal blood, diarrhoea, and body weight loss), colon length, plasma cytokine and chemokine<span> levels, whole genome gene expression, and histopathology<span>. Diarrhoea was suppressed by each treatment, while CZ prevented shortening of the colon length. All treatment groups exhibited decreased plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α compared with the DSS group. Microarray analysis<span> showed that cell adhesion, </span></span></span></span>cytoskeleton<span><span> regulation, cell proliferation, and </span>apoptosis, which might be related to </span></span>inflammatory cell<span> infiltration and mucosal healing, were affected in all the groups. DSS-induced mucosal injuries such as mucosal loss, submucosal oedema, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the distal colon were prevented by CZ or antioxidant treatment. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory effects of these agents reduced DSS-induced mucosal injuries in mice and, therefore, may provide therapeutic benefits in IBD.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"69 4","pages":"Pages 179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71811986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montivipera bornmuelleri venom selectively exhibits high cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes cancer cell lines","authors":"Saly Sawan ,&nbsp;Tania Yaacoub ,&nbsp;Souad Hraoui-Bloquet ,&nbsp;Riyad Sadek ,&nbsp;Walid Hleihel ,&nbsp;Ziad Fajloun ,&nbsp;Marc Karam","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p><span><span>The Viperidae<span><span><span><span> family venom is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as many </span>proteases, which cause </span>tissue necrosis and affect mostly the </span>vascular system. However, the venom exhibits therapeutic potentials and has contributed to the development of some medical </span></span>drugs. Specifically, the </span><em>Montivipera bornmuelleri</em><span> venom has shown to exhibit antibacterial, pro-inflammatory and antifungal activities.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This work evaluates the cytotoxic effect of the <em>M. bornmuelleri</em><span><span> venom on human-derived keratinocytes including the non-tumorigenic </span>HaCaT, the benign A5 and the low-grade malignant II4 cells.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The toxicity of different venom concentrations (0.9, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60<!--> <span><span>μg/mL) and their effect on the viability of the cells lines were assessed using the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and the </span>Trypan blue tests after 24</span> <!-->h of incubation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The venom was able to reduce the viability of all cell lines in a dose dependent manner with the HaCat cells being the least affected. For example, the 60<!--> <!-->μg/mL dose induced a more significant decrease the viability of A5 (44%) and II4 (21.33%) keratinocytes as compared to HaCaT cells (70.63%). Also, this venom showed a higher cytotoxic activity on the A5 (52.45%) and II4 (98.67%) cells as compared to HaCaT cells (30.14%) with an IC₅₀ estimated at 10<!--> <!-->μg/mL on II4 and at 60<!--> <!-->μg/mL on benign A5.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3><p>Those differential cytotoxic effects of the <em>M. bornmuelleri</em> venom pave the road for more advanced studies which might unravel the potential anticancer effects of this venom.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"69 4","pages":"Pages 173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71811984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatotoxicity induced by radix Sophorae tonkinensis in mice and increased serum cholinesterase as a potential supplemental biomarker for liver injury","authors":"Liping Wang ,&nbsp;Jinyao Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Yingmin Gu ,&nbsp;Chaochao Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruomin Jin ,&nbsp;Lingyong Li ,&nbsp;Zean Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuesong Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Radix &lt;em&gt;Sophorae tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;) is used in Chinese folk medicine to treat sore throats, viral hepatitis, and jaundice. However, little is known about the &lt;/span&gt;hepatotoxicity induced by it. This study is to investigate hepatotoxicity induced by radix &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and a potential supplemental biomarker for liver injury through acute toxicity, accumulative toxicity, tolerance test, and sub-chronic toxicity. The contents of &lt;/span&gt;cytisine&lt;span&gt; (CYT), matrine (MT), and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;oxymatrine (OMT) in radix &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts were determined simultaneously by the method we developed. In the acute toxicity study, mice were scheduled for single oral gavage at doses of 0, 2.4, 3.2, 4.2, 5.6, 7.5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;g/kg of radix &lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts respectively. Another three groups of mice received radix &lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts orally in single doses of 0, 4.3, 5.6&lt;!--&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;g/kg, while the two groups of the hepatic injury model were induced by intraperitoneal injection with 0.1% and 0.2% &lt;/span&gt;carbon tetrachloride (CCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;). Mortality rate, analysis of serum biochemistry, and histopathological examination were used to assess the acute toxicity. In the accumulative toxicity study, mice were treated radix &lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts orally by the method of dose escalation for 20&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;days respectively. Accumulative toxicity was assessed by mortality rate. In the tolerance test, half of the mice of test group in the accumulative toxicity were administered the dose of 4.3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;g/kg radix &lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts, and the rest of the mice in the test group were assigned to receive the dose of 5.6&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;g/kg radix &lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, mice were treated with daily doses of 0, 0.25, 1.0, 2.5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;g/kg radix &lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts for 90&lt;!--&gt; &lt;span&gt;days. Assessments of body weights, serum biochemical analysis&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and histopathological examination were performed. An enzyme-inhibition assay for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and &lt;/span&gt;acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of CYT, MT, and OMT was also carried out. The contents of CYT, MT, and OMT in radix &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts were 5.63&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mg/g, 27.63&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mg/g, and 16.20&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mg/g respectively. In the acute toxicity study, LD50 of radix &lt;em&gt;S. tonkinensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts was 4.3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;g/kg. No mice were found dead in the accumulative toxicity study. In the acute toxicity and tolerance test, increased ALT, &lt;/span&gt;AST, and CHE levels were observed in a dose-response manner, while the severity of histological changes in liver was shown in a dose-dependent mode. In the sub-chronic toxicity, though there was a decline trend of ALT and AST levels found in 0.25&lt;/span&gt; &lt;!--&gt;g/kg, 1.0&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;g/kg, and 2.5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;g/kg radix &lt;em&gt;S. tonk","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"69 4","pages":"Pages 193-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71811992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold nanoparticles ameliorate acetaminophen induced hepato-renal injury in rats.","authors":"Mohd Salim Reshi, S. Shrivastava, Amita Jaswal, Neelu Sinha, C. Uthra, S. Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"7 1","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78837625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term and long-term models of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats: A comparison of functional and histopathological changes.","authors":"J. L. O’Connell, M. Romano, Erica C Campos Pulici, E. Carvalho, F. R. de Souza, D. M. Tanaka, B. Maciel, H. Salgado, R. Fazan-Júnior, M. Rossi, M. Simões","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"72 1","pages":"213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72939113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term and long-term models of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats: A comparison of functional and histopathological changes","authors":"João Lucas O’Connell ,&nbsp;Minna Moreira Dias Romano ,&nbsp;Erica C. Campos Pulici ,&nbsp;Eduardo E.V. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Fernanda R. de Souza ,&nbsp;Denise M. Tanaka ,&nbsp;Benedito Carlos Maciel ,&nbsp;Hélio C. Salgado ,&nbsp;Rubens Fazan-Júnior ,&nbsp;Marcos A. Rossi ,&nbsp;Marcus V. Simões","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span>Doxorubicin (DXR), an anthracyclic </span>antineoplastic agent<span>, is one of the most commonly drug utilized to induce dilated cardiomyopathy<span><span> (DCM) and heart failure (HF), but the well optimized protocol for cardiomyopathy induction leading to development of cardiac </span>systolic dysfunction is unclear. This study aims to critically compare short-term and long-term DXR injection protocols for the induction of DCM in rats.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Animals were allocated into 3 experimental groups: a ST (short-term DXR injection) group, in which animals received 6 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of DXR (2.5<!--> <!-->mg/kg per dose) over a period of 2 weeks (cumulative dose of 15<!--> <!-->mg/kg); a LT (long-term DXR injection) group in which animals received weekly i.p. injections of DXR (2<!--> <!-->mg/kg per dose) over a period of 9 weeks (cumulative dose of 18<!--> <span>mg/kg); and a control group in which animals received an appropriate volume of 0.9% saline i.p. All animals were submitted to echocardiography<span><span> analysis at baseline and after completion treatment. Afterwards, the hearts were collected for conventional </span>light microscopy and collagen quantification.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>Morphological myocardial analysis of both DXR-treated groups showed an identical pattern of swollen and vacuolated cardiomyocytes<span> and disorganization of myofibrils. There was pronounced </span></span>interstitial fibrosis in both groups of DXR-treated hearts as compared to controls, as assessed by the interstitial collagen volume fraction. There was no difference in interstitial fibrosis between the ST and LT groups. The echocardiography analysis of the LT group showed structural and functional findings compatible with DCM, including increased left ventricular systolic (5.02</span> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.96<!--> <!-->mm) and diastolic (7.68<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.96<!--> <span>mm) dimensions and reduction of ejection fraction (69.40</span> <!-->±<!--> <!-->8.51%) as compared to the ST group (4.10<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.89<!--> <!-->mm, 7.32<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.84, and 79.68<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->7.23%, respectively) and control group (4.07<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.72<!--> <!-->mm, 7.17<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.68<!--> <!-->mm and 80.08<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.71%, respectively), ANOVA p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.01.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results indicate that LT injection of DXR is more effective than ST injection in inducing left ventricular dysfunction and structural cardiac changes resembling those found in dilated cardiomyopathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"69 4","pages":"Pages 213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71811991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuation of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced biliary fibrosis by depletion of hepatic macrophages in rats.","authors":"H. Golbar, T. Izawa, A. Bondoc, K. Wijesundera, A. H. Tennakoon, M. Kuwamura, J. Yamate","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"221-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86093992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ability of hesperidin compared to that of insulin for preventing osteoporosis induced by type I diabetes in young male albino rats: A histological and biochemical study","authors":"Azza Saad Shehata ,&nbsp;Mona Gomah Amer ,&nbsp;Manal Reda Abd El-Haleem ,&nbsp;Rehab Ahmed Karam","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients with type I diabetes<span><span> are at increased risk of osteoporosis<span> even after insulin therapy in adult stage. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of </span></span>hesperidin (hesp) therapy versus that of insulin alone in the alleviation of osteoporosis arising from type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in young rats.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Hesperidin was administered orally to STZ-induced diabetes. The animals were evaluated morphologically and biochemically and compared with that received daily SC injections of long-acting insulin.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span><span><span>Histologically, we observed the degeneration of osteoblasts and </span>osteocytes<span><span>, decreased collagen fibers, and disturbed </span>bone turn over markers in untreated DM rats. Hesperidin+ insulin supplementation to diabetic rats caused significant improvement of most of the bone histological and </span></span>morphometric<span> parameters compared with the insulin-treated group. Furthermore, hesp treatment significantly reduced pro-inflammatory mediators TNFα and NF-κB and increased serum </span></span>biochemical markers<span> of bone turnover, including osteopontin (OPN), </span></span>osteocalcin<span> (OC) and decreased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP).</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These data demonstrated that hesp could be considered to be a beneficial drug for preventing diabetic osteoporosis in growing age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"69 4","pages":"Pages 203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71811990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montivipera bornmuelleri venom selectively exhibits high cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes cancer cell lines.","authors":"S. Sawan, Tania Yaacoub, S. Hraoui-Bloquet, R. Sadek, W. Hleihel, Z. Fajloun, Marc Karam","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87338934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of the selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, cilostazol, and antioxidants, enzymatically-modified isoquercitrin and α-lipoic acid, reduce dextran sulphate sodium-induced colorectal mucosal injury in mice.","authors":"Yumi Kangawa, Toshinori Yoshida, Hajime Abe, Yoshiki Seto, Taishi Miyashita, Michi Nakamura, T. Kihara, S. Hayashi, M. Shibutani","doi":"10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50465,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology","volume":"10 1","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82020320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}