Electronics最新文献_第6页

Towards 6G Satellite–Terrestrial Networks: Analysis of Air Mobility Operations 迈向 6G 卫星-地面网络：空中机动行动分析

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142855

Krishnakanth Mohanta, Saba Al-Rubaye

{"title":"Towards 6G Satellite–Terrestrial Networks: Analysis of Air Mobility Operations","authors":"Krishnakanth Mohanta, Saba Al-Rubaye","doi":"10.3390/electronics13142855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142855","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analytical exploration of sixth-generation (6G) satellite–terrestrial integrated networks, focusing specifically on their applications within air mobility operations, such as those involving unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). As the integration of satellite and terrestrial networks promises to revolutionize mobile communication by extending coverage and enhancing connectivity, this study delves into two critical aspects: link budget analysis and handover and mobility analysis for UAVs. The link budget analysis assesses the communication requirements necessary to ensure robust and consistent connectivity between satellites and UAVs, accounting for factors such as path loss, antenna gains, and power transmission. Meanwhile, the handover and mobility analysis investigates the challenges and solutions associated with UAVs transitioning between different network nodes and layers in a dynamic aerial environment. This paper utilizes theoretical models and simulations to provide insights into the design and optimization of these networks, aiming to enhance the reliability and efficiency of UAV operations in the context of the emerging 6G landscape. The findings propose not only technological advancements in network architecture but also practical guidelines for the deployment of UAVs in complex environments, marking a significant step toward the realization of a fully integrated, satellite-terrestrial ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":504598,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Modern Approach to Securing Critical Infrastructure in Energy Transmission Networks: Integration of Cryptographic Mechanisms and Biometric Data 确保能源传输网络关键基础设施安全的现代方法：密码机制与生物识别数据的整合

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142849

A. Manowska, Martin Boroš, Muhammad Waqar Hassan, A. Bluszcz, K. Tobór-Osadnik

引用次数: 0

Multi-Beam Sonar Target Segmentation Algorithm Based on BS-Unet 基于 BS-Unet 的多波束声纳目标分割算法

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142841

Wennuo Zhang, Xuewu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Pengyuan Zeng, Ruikai Wei, Junsong Xu, Yang Chen

{"title":"Multi-Beam Sonar Target Segmentation Algorithm Based on BS-Unet","authors":"Wennuo Zhang, Xuewu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Pengyuan Zeng, Ruikai Wei, Junsong Xu, Yang Chen","doi":"10.3390/electronics13142841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142841","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-beam sonar imaging detection technology is increasingly becoming the mainstream technology in fields such as hydraulic safety inspection and underwater target detection due to its ability to generate clearer images under low-visibility conditions. However, during the multi-beam sonar detection process, issues such as low image resolution and blurred imaging edges lead to decreased target segmentation accuracy. Traditional filtering methods for echo signals cannot effectively solve these problems. To address these challenges, this paper introduces, for the first time, a multi-beam sonar dataset against the background of simulated crack detection for dam safety. This dataset included simulated cracks detected by multi-beam sonar from various angles. The width of the cracks ranged from 3 cm to 9 cm, and the length ranged from 0.2 m to 1.5 m. In addition, this paper proposes a BS-UNet semantic segmentation algorithm. The Swin-UNet model incorporates a dual-layer routing attention mechanism to enhance the accuracy of sonar image detail segmentation. Furthermore, an online convolutional reparameterization structure was added to the output end of the model to improve the model’s capability to represent image features. Comparisons of the BS-UNet model with commonly used semantic segmentation models on the multi-beam sonar dataset consistently demonstrated the BS-UNet model’s superior performance, as it improved semantic segmentation evaluation metrics such as Precision and IoU by around 0.03 compared to the Swin-UNet model. In conclusion, BS-UNet can effectively be applied in multi-beam sonar image segmentation tasks.","PeriodicalId":504598,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NSGA-III-Based Production Scheduling Optimization Algorithm for Pressure Sensor Calibration Workshop 基于 NSGA-III 的压力传感器校准车间生产调度优化算法

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142844

Ying Zou, Zuguo Chen, Shangyang Zhu, Yingcong Li

引用次数: 0

RAN: Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Network Based on Residual Attention Decomposition RAN：基于残留注意力分解的红外与可见光图像融合网络

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142856

Jia Yu, Gehao Lu, Jie Zhang

{"title":"RAN: Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Network Based on Residual Attention Decomposition","authors":"Jia Yu, Gehao Lu, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.3390/electronics13142856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142856","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared image and visible image fusion (IVIF) is a research direction that is currently attracting much attention in the field of image processing. The main goal is to obtain a fused image by reasonably fusing infrared images and visible images, while retaining the advantageous features of each source image. The research in this field aims to improve image quality, enhance target recognition ability, and broaden the application areas of image processing. To advance research in this area, we propose a breakthrough image fusion method based on the Residual Attention Network (RAN). By applying this innovative network to the task of image fusion, the mechanism of the residual attention network can better capture critical background and detail information in the images, significantly improving the quality and effectiveness of image fusion. Experimental results on public domain datasets show that our method performs excellently on multiple key metrics. For example, compared to existing methods, our method improves the standard deviation (SD) by 35.26%, spatial frequency (SF) by 109.85%, average gradient (AG) by 96.93%, and structural similarity (SSIM) by 23.47%. These significant improvements validate the superiority of our proposed residual attention network in the task of image fusion and open up new possibilities for enhancing the performance and adaptability of fusion networks.","PeriodicalId":504598,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing Artificial Neural Networks to Minimize Arithmetic Errors in Stochastic Computing Implementations 优化人工神经网络，使随机计算实施中的算术误差最小化

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142846

Christiam F. Frasser, Alejandro Morán, V. Canals, Joan Font, E. Isern, M. Roca, Josep L. Rosselló

{"title":"Optimizing Artificial Neural Networks to Minimize Arithmetic Errors in Stochastic Computing Implementations","authors":"Christiam F. Frasser, Alejandro Morán, V. Canals, Joan Font, E. Isern, M. Roca, Josep L. Rosselló","doi":"10.3390/electronics13142846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142846","url":null,"abstract":"Deploying modern neural networks on resource-constrained edge devices necessitates a series of optimizations to ready them for production. These optimizations typically involve pruning, quantization, and fixed-point conversion to compress the model size and enhance energy efficiency. While these optimizations are generally adequate for most edge devices, there exists potential for further improving the energy efficiency by leveraging special-purpose hardware and unconventional computing paradigms. In this study, we explore stochastic computing neural networks and their impact on quantization and overall performance concerning weight distributions. When arithmetic operations such as addition and multiplication are executed by stochastic computing hardware, the arithmetic error may significantly increase, leading to a diminished overall accuracy. To bridge the accuracy gap between a fixed-point model and its stochastic computing implementation, we propose a novel approximate arithmetic-aware training method. We validate the efficacy of our approach by implementing the LeNet-5 convolutional neural network on an FPGA. Our experimental results reveal a negligible accuracy degradation of merely 0.01% compared with the floating-point counterpart, while achieving a substantial 27× speedup and 33× enhancement in energy efficiency compared with other FPGA implementations. Additionally, the proposed method enhances the likelihood of selecting optimal LFSR seeds for stochastic computing systems.","PeriodicalId":504598,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MSCFS-RP: A Colored-Petri-Net-Based Analysis Model for Master–Slave Cloud File Systems with Replication Pipelining MSCFS-RP：基于彩色彼得里网的带复制管道的主从云文件系统分析模型

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142852

Wenbo Zhou

{"title":"MSCFS-RP: A Colored-Petri-Net-Based Analysis Model for Master–Slave Cloud File Systems with Replication Pipelining","authors":"Wenbo Zhou","doi":"10.3390/electronics13142852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142852","url":null,"abstract":"As a typical information system, a cloud file system enables the storage, retrieval, and management of data on remote servers or server clusters. The reliable design of such systems is critical to ensure the security of data and availability of services. However, designing correct-by-construction systems is challenging due to the complexity of and concurrency inherent in cloud file systems. Further, existing works on cloud file system analysis often focus on specific systems or lack formal modeling and verification, leading to potential design flaws and security vulnerabilities. To address these issues, we propose MSCFS-RP, which is a formal analysis model based on colored Petri nets. Leveraging the strengths of colored Petri nets in representing diverse information types with colored tokens and defining explicit rules for concurrent interactions, our model captures the writing and reading processes of clients, meta servers, and clusters. With strong formalism and support for verification using CPN Tools, we rigorously evaluate key properties such as replication consistency under various scenarios. The results demonstrate that MSCFS-RP satisfies these properties, validating its effectiveness and trustworthiness in managing information within cloud storage systems.","PeriodicalId":504598,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of a Tunnel Anchor Monitoring System Based on Long Short-Term Memory–Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Prediction 基于长短期记忆-自回归综合移动平均预测的隧道锚杆监测系统设计

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142840

Junyan Qi, Yuhao Che, Lei Wang, Ruifu Yuan

{"title":"Design of a Tunnel Anchor Monitoring System Based on Long Short-Term Memory–Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Prediction","authors":"Junyan Qi, Yuhao Che, Lei Wang, Ruifu Yuan","doi":"10.3390/electronics13142840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142840","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the shortcomings of the current monitoring system for tunnel anchor support systems, a tunnel anchor monitoring system based on LSTM-ARIMA prediction is proposed in this paper to prevent the deformation and collapse accidents that may occur in the underground mine tunnels during the backfilling process, which combines the Internet of Things and a neural network deep learning algorithm to achieve the real-time monitoring and prediction of the tunnel anchor pressure. To improve the prediction accuracy, a time series analysis algorithm is used in the prediction model of this system. In particular, an LSTM-ARIMA model is constructed to predict the tunnel anchor pressure by combining the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. And a dynamic weighted combination method is designed based on model prediction confidence to acquire the optimal weight coefficients. This combined model enables the monitoring system to predict the anchor pressure more accurately, thereby preventing possible tunnel deformation and collapse accidents in advance. Finally, the overall system is verified using the anchor pressure dataset obtained from the 21,404 section of the Hulusu Coal Mine transportation tunnel in real-world engineering, whose results show that the pressure value predicted using the combined model is basically the same as the actual value on site, and the system has high real-time performance and stability, proving the effectiveness and reliability of the system.","PeriodicalId":504598,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disturbance-Rejection Passivity-Based Control for Inverters of Micropower Sources 基于干扰抑制的微功率源逆变器无源控制

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142851

Chao Luo, Liang Tu, Haiqing Cai, Haohan Gu, Jiawei Chen, G. Jia, Xinke Zhu

{"title":"Disturbance-Rejection Passivity-Based Control for Inverters of Micropower Sources","authors":"Chao Luo, Liang Tu, Haiqing Cai, Haohan Gu, Jiawei Chen, G. Jia, Xinke Zhu","doi":"10.3390/electronics13142851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142851","url":null,"abstract":"Inverters are important interfaces between micropower sources and consuming loads. However, the varying inductors and capacitors, modeling errors, measurement errors, and external disturbances would lead to degradation of the inverters’ performances when conventional linear control is adopted, causing instability problems. To address it, a disturbance-rejection passivity-based nonlinear control strategy is proposed for the inverters of micropower sources. The proposed method innovatively introduces an extended high-gain state observer into the passivity-based controller to achieve online observation and elimination of complex influencing factors such as external disturbances, time-varying parameter uncertainties, and modeling errors, thus ensuring the global stability of the inverter under various disturbances. The design details on the passivity-based controller and the extended high-gain state observer are elaborated. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are verified by the experiments performed by a 15 kVA inverter designed in the lab. The results show that the proposed control is able to ensure the inverter’s stable operation under the following conditions: constant power load, the filter inductance and capacitance reduce up to 33% and 96%, and the input voltage varies more than 22%.","PeriodicalId":504598,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Scalability of C-V2X and DSRC Vehicular Communication Protocols with LoRa 2.4 GHz in the Scenario of Urban Traffic Systems 利用 LoRa 2.4 GHz 增强 C-V2X 和 DSRC 车载通信协议在城市交通系统场景中的可扩展性

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13142845

Eduard Zadobrischi, Ștefan Havriliuc

{"title":"Enhancing Scalability of C-V2X and DSRC Vehicular Communication Protocols with LoRa 2.4 GHz in the Scenario of Urban Traffic Systems","authors":"Eduard Zadobrischi, Ștefan Havriliuc","doi":"10.3390/electronics13142845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142845","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), vehicular communication technologies such as Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC), Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X), and LoRa 2.4 GHz play crucial roles in enhancing road safety, reducing traffic congestion, and improving transport efficiency. This article explores the integration of these communication protocols within smart intersections, emphasizing their capabilities and synergies. DSRC, based on IEEE 802.11p, provides reliable short-range communication with data rates up to 27 Mbps and latencies below 50 ms, ideal for real-time safety applications. C-V2X leverages LTE and 5G networks, offering broader coverage up to 10 km and supporting data rates up to 100 Mbps, with latencies as low as 20 ms in direct communication mode (PC5). LoRa 2.4 GHz, known for its long-range (up to 15 km in rural areas, 1–2 km in urban settings) and low-power characteristics, offers data rates between 0.3 and 37.5 kbps, suitable for non-critical data exchange and infrastructure monitoring. The study evaluates the performance and interoperability of these technologies in urban environments, focusing on data latency, transmission reliability, and scalability. Experimental results from simulated and real-world scenarios show that DSRC maintains reliable communication within 1 km with minimal interference. C-V2X demonstrates superior scalability and coverage, maintaining robust communication over several kilometers in high-density urban settings. LoRa 2.4 GHz exhibits excellent penetration through urban obstacles, maintaining connectivity and efficient data transmission with packet error rates below 10%.","PeriodicalId":504598,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0