Environment and Planning D: Society and Space最新文献

Planetary media: Decolonizing the space industry through Indigenous ownership 行星媒体：通过土著所有权实现航天工业的非殖民化

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241253328

Adam Fish

{"title":"Planetary media: Decolonizing the space industry through Indigenous ownership","authors":"Adam Fish","doi":"10.1177/02637758241253328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241253328","url":null,"abstract":"The colonial relationship between Indigenous people and people of European origin has been characterized by conflicts, economic exclusions, and epistemological discriminations as well as the mutual sharing of knowledge, practices, and technologies. In many cases, the industrial development of space technologies such as telescopes and rocket test sites has continued the exploitative nature of colonialism. This article, however, offers a different story and concept of Indigenous decolonization that is not antagonistic but complementary to the space industry and Western liberalism more generally. The case is Space Enterprises, a company and Earth station owned by the Center for Appropriate Technologies in Alice Springs, Northern Territories, Australia and conceived by its Aboriginal owners, workers, and board of directors as representing a beneficial integration of their Indigenous self-determination and the space industry. This essay offers synthetic decolonization as an example of this integration with Western liberalism. Understanding the flows between the Indigenous-owned Earth station and satellites, as well as the connections between Indigenous and Western liberal planetary imaginaries, requires a theory of mediation. Towards that goal, planetary media is offered as a way of conceptualizing the flows of information between local Indigenous and planetary spaces and imaginaries. This essay argues that another decolonization is possible, one based on mediation between Indigenous and Western liberal systems of thought.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contingent autonomy: Robotic encounters in an uncertain world 权变自主：不确定世界中的机器人相遇

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241263206

Shanti Sumartojo, Leimin Tian, Pamela Carreno-Medrano, Robert Lundberg, Dana Kulić, Michael Mintrom

{"title":"Contingent autonomy: Robotic encounters in an uncertain world","authors":"Shanti Sumartojo, Leimin Tian, Pamela Carreno-Medrano, Robert Lundberg, Dana Kulić, Michael Mintrom","doi":"10.1177/02637758241263206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241263206","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we develop a framework for robotic autonomy as contingent. We do so with an account of a series of online research workshops that asked people to design and test robot behaviours for a public space scenario of their choice, as a means to surface and discuss their understandings of robots. We show how, as people manipulated robots in a simulator, they came to understand the capacities and limits of robots in distinctive ways. Thinking with these virtual encounters with robots, we argue that robotic contingency can be understood as dependent on spatial context; as unfolding in encounters between people, robots, and other things, creatures and substances; and as subject to forms of accountability and responsibility that are ongoingly made in an uncertain world. Our analysis reinforces work on automated infrastructures, which understands them as made sense of and operating relationally. This is important because those infrastructures are a part of how people understand robotic technologies in an uncertain and processual world, and they shape their expectations about and imagination of automated technologies, such as robots, into the future. We conclude by speculating on implications for an open-ended robotics design that works with contingency rather than seeking to control it, and ask how a more expansive understanding of accountability might be assembled as part of this more emergent approach.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":"53 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planning spatial obsolescence: residential segregation and the racist theory of (anti-)value 空间陈旧规划：住宅隔离与（反）价值的种族主义理论

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241261218

Scott N. Markley

{"title":"Planning spatial obsolescence: residential segregation and the racist theory of (anti-)value","authors":"Scott N. Markley","doi":"10.1177/02637758241261218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241261218","url":null,"abstract":"An outpouring of critical sub/urban scholarship in recent years has explored the historical and ongoing linkages between race, real estate, and space in the United States. Much of this literature has positioned residential segregation as crucial for structuring the geographies of capital accumulation, highlighting how segregation delimits places for extraction and dispossession. In this essay, I build from the foundations this literature lays by bringing together Charles Abrams’ concept of “the racist theory of value” (RTV) and David Harvey’s notion of “anti-value” to illuminate the centrality of racialized devaluation in the accumulation process in the US. Specifically, I contend that the RTV, in its role in entrenching residential segregation and collapsing race and value together in space, has helped to demarcate and contain the devaluation that capitalism requires in Black residential spaces. As a key innovation for real estate capital to manage the geographies of (anti-)value, the RTV ensures that the economic losses generated in the accumulation process are felt most acutely in Black communities. In this way, the RTV constitutes a form of planned spatial obsolescence wherein the restricted movement of Black people is converted into the controlled movement of devaluation.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":"52 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Land, reconfigured: Defying the laws of physics, upholding the rules of the market in the metaverse 土地，重新组合：藐视物理定律，在元宇宙中维护市场规则

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241257115

Luis F. Alvarez León, Jovanna Rosen

{"title":"Land, reconfigured: Defying the laws of physics, upholding the rules of the market in the metaverse","authors":"Luis F. Alvarez León, Jovanna Rosen","doi":"10.1177/02637758241257115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241257115","url":null,"abstract":"Land ownership, occupancy, and use are enduringly central components of economies and societies across the world. Even in a capitalist economy increasingly mediated through digital technologies, land remains foundational to wide-ranging aspects of social life. However, conceptualizations of land fundamentally transform through virtual environments like the Metaverse, where digital or virtual land is a core feature. This article examines the construction and use of land under digital capitalism, specifically in the online virtual reality environment Metaverse. Studying virtual land markets in this environment, we show how land exists in continuous material and conceptual transformation via myriad landmaking technologies. Virtual landmaking offers new capital accumulation possibilities while simultaneously reifying existing market logics and creating new fictions around land. We emphasize how, despite its newness, virtual landmaking in the Metaverse relates to landmaking efforts that predate digital capitalism, from state-led large-scale engineering projects to land grabs and colonial expansion. Simultaneously, land reconceptualization in the Metaverse reflects new economic dynamics germane to digital capitalism, including commodification and assetization, and the rise of digital platforms as both market creators, through digital renderings, and rentier intermediaries. Throughout, we highlight the distributional and political stakes of reconfiguring land via new technologies.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From securitisation to martialisation: Logistics of humanitarian protection in Brazil’s Amazon 从安全化到军事化：巴西亚马逊地区人道主义保护的后勤工作

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241256824

Francis Portes Virginio, Brian Garvey, Paul Stewart

{"title":"From securitisation to martialisation: Logistics of humanitarian protection in Brazil’s Amazon","authors":"Francis Portes Virginio, Brian Garvey, Paul Stewart","doi":"10.1177/02637758241256824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241256824","url":null,"abstract":"The association between logistics and militarised humanitarianism is expanding as a strategy for managing migrants' productive and reproductive lives. In Brazil, despite a progressive humanitarian visa policy, the national army remains responsible for the logistics of a severely underfunded humanitarian operation in Brazil’s Amazon. This study, based on participatory action research with 300 migrants, introduces the notion of martialisation to show political and socioeconomic dimensions that are juxtaposed in the military logistics of humanitarian zones and subsequently experienced as a dominant structuring process of exploitation. These are securitization of migration linked to at once the deepening of market liberalism and the normalisation of military intervention within productive and reproductive processes. Findings show that the military leadership in Brazil’s humanitarian response reveals a multi-scalar phenomenon of military rule that contributes to sustaining the repressive labour regime in Brazil’s Amazon. It articulates the structures of labour subordination with the micromanagement of reproductive measures by which migrants are controlled, exploited, and dispossessed of their rights. The conclusion makes the case for the collective organization of migrants in pursuit of transformative action.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":"2 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Territorializing the air: Border-crossing air pollution and the geopolitics of atmospheric science in East Asia 空气的领土化：东亚跨境空气污染与大气科学的地缘政治学

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241246380

Sungeun Kim

{"title":"Territorializing the air: Border-crossing air pollution and the geopolitics of atmospheric science in East Asia","authors":"Sungeun Kim","doi":"10.1177/02637758241246380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241246380","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes how the atmospheric science of transboundary air pollution was employed as a technopolitical strategy to secure a nation’s volumetric territory. In South Korea, border-crossing particulate matter from China has emerged as a controversial diplomatic concern. The Korean government heavily funded atmospheric science to monitor the transboundary incursion and quantify the amount of Chinese influence. The geoscience of polluted air was mobilized to restore the nation’s aerial sovereignty when transboundary materiality threatened its political authority to regulate atmospheric territory. The paper further examines how nationalistic science was challenged by an international air quality survey called KORUS-AQ, a study co-organized by NASA and Korea’s National Institute for Environmental Research. Korean experts used the joint mission with NASA to verify the transboundary impact on Seoul’s air quality and hold China responsible. US scientists, however, challenged this nation-centered vision by highlighting the underestimated domestic sources of air pollution. As a result, the aerial survey did not generate a unilateral understanding of nature but produced multiple and even contrasting territorial imaginations on a single airshed. Atmospheric science, I argue, functioned as a geopolitical arena where different visions on volumetric governance were enacted and competed.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":"1 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-production and Smart Environmentality: Smart Eldercare in Urban China 共同生产与智能环境：中国城市的智慧养老

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241256525

Yi Yu

{"title":"Co-production and Smart Environmentality: Smart Eldercare in Urban China","authors":"Yi Yu","doi":"10.1177/02637758241256525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241256525","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese government has recently promoted community-based eldercare supported by digitally programmed “smart” health and safety devices placed in homes to address the perceived pressure of a rapidly aging population. This is envisioned as a solution to the growing need for eldercare that simultaneously enables aging in place, facilitates digitally mediated population governance, and provides a safety net for older adults residing in the community. However, the top-down practices of smartening older adults’ homes have encountered a series of frictions in their implementation. By examining the frictions in smart eldercare programs, this paper highlights older adults’ varied capacities to modify, resist, or misuse smart eldercare devices. In so doing, they collectively co-produce the smart environmentality that shapes the aging population. This study re-conceptualizes smart eldercare within a ‘smart environmentality’ framework, highlighting its co-production by the elderly and stakeholders through collaboration. It contributes to the literature on biopolitics and critical aging studies by revealing the interactions of digital governance, glitch politics, and co-production.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contestation, negotiation, and experimentation: The liminality of land administration platforms in Kenya 竞争、谈判和实验：肯尼亚土地管理平台的边缘性

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241254943

F. I. Hoefsloot, C. Gateri

{"title":"Contestation, negotiation, and experimentation: The liminality of land administration platforms in Kenya","authors":"F. I. Hoefsloot, C. Gateri","doi":"10.1177/02637758241254943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241254943","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines diverse infrastructural interventions in the making of Ardhisasa, the Kenyan state’s digital land information management platform, as a space of contestation, negotiation, and experimentation. We analyse the platformisation of governance through theories on liminality to explain the agency of various actors in shaping the digital state. We particularly zoom into the influence of two actors: the private actors in the land sector and the civil society organisations representing informalised residents, and how they exercise agency in the development of Ardhisasa. Drawing on interviews with state and non-state actors, secondary literature, and extensive experience within Kenya’s land administration system, we trace the overt and covert exercise of power in the platformisation of land administration of Nairobi. Our central thesis is that, despite its progressive development, Ardhisasa follows the tradition of a long line of large-scale infrastructural or developmental projects that rarely deliver on their promise for improvement but rather further entrench marginalised groups due to its exclusion of the already existing, albeit informalised, land administration and transaction practices that meet the needs of the urban poor. We argue that Ardhisasa’s perpetual state of becoming leads to the spatialisation of liminality itself.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From liberation to freedom: Governing the “ghetto” in post-war Hungary 从解放到自由：战后匈牙利的 "犹太人区 "管理

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241250180

Jonathan McCombs

{"title":"From liberation to freedom: Governing the “ghetto” in post-war Hungary","authors":"Jonathan McCombs","doi":"10.1177/02637758241250180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241250180","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the relationship between race and property in Hungary by examining the shifting discourse of the “ghetto” in post-war Hungary. I unpack the relationship between norms of propriety, or logics of use, associated with colonial epistemologies of land and the various racial projects deployed by the Hungarian state between socialist and liberal-capitalist governments. To operationalize this project, I put into conversation Brenna Bhandar’s racial regimes of ownership with David Theo Goldberg’s racial governmentality to understand the shifting logics and tactics of racial management toward Roma in Hungary. I show that the concept of the ghetto was crucial in the deployment of the racial project “The Elimination of Settlements with Unacceptable Social Conditions,” where the project was understood by officials as a palliative to the damage done by capitalist social relations. On the heels of this project, a group of liberal dissidents led by sociologist and demographer Istvan Kemeny forged a new problematic that centered state interventions on the Roma family. I show how this problematic was used to deny Roma tenure claims in the majority Roma Eighth District during the transition to liberal capitalism.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":"49 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The work of landlord technology: The fictions of frictionless property management 房东技术的工作：无摩擦物业管理的虚构

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1177/02637758241232758

E. McElroy

{"title":"The work of landlord technology: The fictions of frictionless property management","authors":"E. McElroy","doi":"10.1177/02637758241232758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241232758","url":null,"abstract":"Landlord technology—or the systems used by landlords to control and regulate tenant lives, spaces, and data—frequently promises “frictionless” building management and residential experiences. Yet services such as “digital doormen” and virtual property management platforms often create more work for tenants, particularly regarding decreased accessibility for tenants of color whose faces are unrecognized by biased algorithms used to administer building access, and for renters who are unable to or who refuse to use new apps and web portals. There are also “digital butlers” that landlords deploy as a means of attracting and retaining wealthy residents, yet that end up creating increased and often gendered work for those laboring behind the curtains of automation. Even virtual property management tools rely upon outsourced labor and are rife with contradictions and hardships for renters and call center workers alike. With a proposition that new forms of material and affective labor are created by landlord technologies despite promises of frictionless living, this article focuses on the various struggles that workers and tenants face in using, maintaining, refusing, and, at times, organizing against property automation. Based upon collaborative research produced with Landlord Tech Watch, as well as ethnographic accounting of housing and labor struggles in New York City and Cluj, this article introduces friction as a critical analytic useful in assessing the uneven, gendered, and racialized labor formations that landlord technologies require and reproduce despite fictions of frictionless living.","PeriodicalId":504516,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0