Folia Primatologica最新文献

{"title":"Seasons of death: patterns of predation on wild lemurs and other fauna by endemic and introduced predators.","authors":"Michelle L Sauther, Frank P Cuozzo, Ibrahim Antho Jacky Youssouf, Michael Strinden, Marni LaFleur, Jenifer Ness, Richard Scott Larsen, James Millette, Teague O'Mara","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduced species can negatively impact endemic flora and fauna. Studies have primarily utilized camera trap observations and occupancy modelling to better clarify the presence/absence and temporal overlap of endemic and exotic predators. Longitudinal data from field research sites are important as they can provide a finer understanding of predator dynamics and their effects on endemic species. One such site is the Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve, in southern Madagascar. Protected since the 1970s, the local human population around Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve has greatly expanded, leading to habitat disturbance in the surrounding forests and increased contact between local wildlife, people and their livestock and dogs. Here we use a combination of scat sampling, field observations of successful and attempted predations, locations of scat samples with identifiable lemur remains, and camera trap data to better assess the predator ecology at Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve. Our results indicate that forest cats (Felis catus), are effective predators of both adult and infant lemurs and appear to be a constant mammalian predator, utilizing mammal prey more than dogs. Dogs are both predators and scavengers of lemurs. Civets focus on small prey, such as insects and rodents as well as plant material. The fosa, Cryptoprocta ferox, are also present but may not hunt in the area continuously. The killing of an adult ring-tailed lemur by two men from outside the area indicate culturally imposed taboos against lemur killing may no longer be effective given that new arrivals may not share the same local cultural restrictions. Scat sampling of exotic predators is one way to expand our understanding of exotic and endemic predator impact on lemur populations, and long-term studies with multiple assessments of predation can provide a clearer understanding of how non-endemic and endemic predators affect endangered species survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of nocturnality and risk for savanna chimpanzees at Assirik, Senegal.","authors":"Stacy Lindshield, Papa Ibnou Ndiaye, Addie Walters, Stephanie L Bogart","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10032","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Senegal may use nocturnality to mitigate hyperthermia risk in semi-arid environments but the degree of nocturnality for such chimpanzees also in sympatry with large carnivores remains uncertain. We compared diel activity among chimpanzees and their potential predators at Assirik in Niokolo-Koba National Park and contextualized these findings relative to other unit-groups in savanna landscapes. From 2015-2018, we generated a predator inventory using multi-modal methods and monitored the diel activity of chimpanzees and predators with camera traps [ N = 2092 camera trap (CT) days]. From 2015-2023, we also surveyed for evidence of predation during recce walks. Six potential nonhuman predators occur at Assirik, including lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus), and rock pythons (Python sebae). We documented one suspected case of a predator killing a chimpanzee. Nocturnality comprised 12.7% of CT events for chimpanzees and these events were more concentrated at twilight. Chimpanzees were more active during the day, predators were more active at night, and there was substantial temporal overlap among chimpanzees and potential predators during twilight intervals. Our findings support the hypothesis that savanna chimpanzees in Senegal are active at night in response to the extremely hot environment. We hypothesize that Assirik chimpanzees experience a tension between decreasing hyperthermia and increasing predation risk during nocturnality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory wildlife films for primate conservation education in Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Veracruz, Mexico.","authors":"Jorge Ramos Luna, Colin A Chapman, Juan Carlos Serio-Silva","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Audiovisual media has become an integral part of conservation education strategies, with the potential not only to communicate information but also to impact on its viewers perceptions and attitudes towards a particular subject. Despite this potential, few studies have evaluated either the use of film for primate conservation initiatives or the wider impact of participatory film production. Our study evaluates the impact of a participatory documentary film about historic human-primate coexistence in the Los Tuxtlas region, Veracruz, Mexico, to improve people's knowledge, perception, and attitudes towards the local primate species, Alouatta palliata and Ateles geoffroyi. Our study took place in six rural localities, in four of which a participatory film-making process was undertaken, involving production workshops and public screenings; two localities were intentionally left out as control groups. People's knowledge, perception, and attitudes towards primates were assessed through randomized sampling using a questionnaire prior (n = 419) and following (n = 223) the presentation of the documentary. Results indicate a minimal but positive shift in participant's attitudes and perceptions, with statistically significant increases in primate knowledge scores. While the participatory approach offers promise, further exploration and refinement are essential for effective conservation education. The study highlights the need for diverse and locally based perspectives in developing conservation education materials and programs to foster meaningful engagement and drive primate conservation efforts forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primates in the Hood (Primates en el Barrio): Improving knowledge of threatened primates through schools science projects in rural settings in San Martin, Peru.","authors":"Karla G Ramirez, Sam Shanee, Nestor Allgas, Karen Huachaca, Cindy Chumbimuni, Andrea Villaseca","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to improve knowledge among high school students on local environmental issues, with emphasis on the ecology and threats to primates in the Alto Mayo Valley of San Martin Region, Peru. The Alto Mayo Valley is home to at least 8 species of primate, including the endemic and Critically Endangered San Martín titi monkey (Plecturocebus oenanthe). San Martin is also the most deforested region of Peru. We used two participatory teaching methods: Experiential learning and inquiry-based education. The learning experiences were activities that guided students to look for solutions to real-life situations. The project consisted of 8 lessons co-designed by us and the participating school teachers, and implemented by the same teachers with our guidance. Lesson 5 was a field trip to a local community conservation area to apply primatological field techniques and gather scientific data. The students' final product was a video presentation and a poster of their results. One hundred percent of students acknowledged they learned something new about their local environment, primates, conservation, and research. Experiential learning techniques are effective in developing awareness, knowledge and self-advocacy amongst school students. Our inquiry-based method placed students and teachers closer to scientists, helping them to see the role of science in their neighbourhood. This method can be easily adapted to other regions in Peru and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bonobo geophagy at Wamba.","authors":"Kazuya Toda, David Fasbender","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10029","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Geophagy, the deliberate consumption of earth materials, is widely observed in animals. While anecdotal evidence exists of bonobos (Pan paniscus) consuming soil from Cubitermes termite mounds, the functions of their geophagic behavior remains unexplored. This study aims to examine a preliminary hypothesis that termite mound geophagy of free-ranging bonobos at Wamba are helpful for iron supplementation. Here, we tested the following three predictions: (1) the soil of Cubitermes termite mounds at Wamba would have high iron content, (2) bonobos would engage in termite mound geophagy regularly across all seasons, and (3) termite mound soil would be more often consumed by (a) females than males, (b) pregnant than non-pregnant females, and (c) adolescents than adults. As predicted, soil samples collected from the pointy protrusions on the caps of the mushroom-shaped mounds, the part typically consumed by bonobos, had a much higher iron content than other food items for them. In addition, geophagic behavior was noted on 48 out of 116 days (41.3%) with full-day focal animal sampling, and was observed throughout the entire study duration without any bias in frequency toward a certain period. However, contrary to our prediction, there was no significant variation in the frequency of geophagic behavior by sex nor by pregnancy status, although it occurred more frequently among adolescents than adults. Our findings partially support the Iron Supplementation Hypothesis, suggesting that Cubitermes termite mound soils could offer a readily accessible source of iron for bonobos. However, we cannot draw definitive conclusions on the function of their geophagic behavior from our findings without in vitro studies examining whether the ingested iron is bioavailable and whether the soil does not have properties inhibiting iron absorption. Nonetheless, this study is a first step to explore the health implications of geophagy in bonobos, extending our knowledge of this behavior in primates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting long-term local ownership of natural heritage through outreach: the case of the endemic Bolivian titi monkeys.","authors":"Jesus Martinez, Zulia Porcel, Pamela Carvajal, Cecilia Flores-Turdera, Cynthya Jurado, Heidy Lopez-Strauss, Lesly Lopez, Marco Campera, Robert Wallace","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate knowledge and learning about local biodiversity are a prerequisite for effective attitudinal changes in favour of species protection. Outreach activities are considered a useful tool for sharing information with local stakeholders who play a crucial role in conserving wildlife. We conducted two outreach campaigns focused on schoolchildren in two villages to share information on the natural history of the Bolivian endemic titi monkeys, Plecturocebus olallae and Plecturocebus modestus, to promote their conservation. We assessed the students' ability to retain new information and their understanding of biodiversity through pre- and post-questionnaires, finding an improvement in the knowledge about these two endemic primates from pre- to post-talk assessments, as well as an increase in their awareness about local efforts to preserve biodiversity between outreach campaigns. We also found signals of appropriate experiential learning on wildlife value and its relationship with human activities. Additional outreach work across two decades resulted in important achievements that reflect positive attitudinal changes in favour of the endemic primates and biodiversity, with a remarkable involvement of local people. In this way, we show how outreach work can promote important local support for biodiversity conservation, how primates can act as flagship species, and the need to reinforce knowledge acquisition and learning processes to consolidate conservation actions in the long-term.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection service of a leading silverback male from external threats in wild western gorillas.","authors":"Masaya Tamura, Etienne François Akomo-Okoue, Lilian Brice Mangama-Koumba, Ebang Ella Ghislain Wilfried, Fred Loïc Mindonga-Nguelet","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10026","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primate males normally protect reproductive females, genetic offspring, and other relatives from external threats. Nevertheless, male protection of group members other than the above individuals is widely reported. Here, we show qualitative data on a silverback's charging behaviors toward human observers (predator surrogates) to protect group members having various age-sex and kinship traits in a group of wild western gorillas containing one reproductive male. We observed 106 and 33 charging behaviors by the leading silverback in two separate study periods. Two natal infants were often involved in his protective charging. Further, the silverback provided protection services to reproductive females. Surprisingly, immigrant individuals (i.e., unrelated to the silverback), including a wide range of age-sex classes, were also protected multiple times. His protection services for natal infants and adult females can be interpreted as a form of parenting effort and mating effort, respectively. Further, those for some immigrant immatures accompanied by their mothers can be considered part of mating effort, advertising his quality as a mate to the mothers. Finally, his charging behaviors to protect immigrant young males, who could be reproductive threats to him, may be due to group augmentation benefits. That is, the recruitment of additional males in exchange for protection services would improve the ability of group defense. Protection services of the leading silverback in the one-male group of western gorillas, in which members of various age-sex classes and kinship traits coexist, could be interpreted by some existing functional explanations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using traveling festivals to mobilize primate conservation education.","authors":"Jorge Ramos-Luna, Daniela Alicia Torres-Anaya, Zaira Lizbeth Esparza-Rodríguez, Tania Fonseca-Leal, María Fernanda Alvarez-Velazquez, Colin A Chapman, Juan Carlos Serio-Silva","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental education aims to foster knowledge, awareness, and appreciation for nature and can encompass various formats, including festivals. The traveling festival \"Changos y Monos va a tu comunidad\" is inspired by previous initiatives and aims to promote the conservation of primates in southeast Mexico. The festival involved focused activities, mainly for children, such as talks, games, and exhibitions. It has been held on ten occasions, reaching approximately 700 people from nine localities. Unlike other events, its execution does not require a large budget due to the short duration, the use of small spaces, and because it can be conducted in parallel with field research, which has facilitated its funding. Although no systematic evaluation of the impact of this initiative has been conducted, it is evident that the festival gained notoriety among people in various locations in the region, suggesting \"Changos y Monos va a tu comunidad\" represents a significant contribution to the conservation of wild Mexican primates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicating conservation: Evidence of knowledge gains through a children's conservation club in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.","authors":"Petricia Andini Hutasoit, Risti Angelina Saragih, Dwi Riyan, Ina Christina, Riethma Yustiningtyas, Joana Aragay Soler, Susan M Cheyne","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conservation education as a key element in fighting species extinction. One of the key objectives of environmental education is to promote pro-environmental behaviours; increasing knowledge and understanding are the first steps. An understanding of the forest and its links to human and wildlife health is essential to foster forest protection. We used NVivo 12 to evaluate a conservation education program based around the Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Two age groups were evaluated 7-10 years old (37 children) and 11-13 years old (35 children) in 2 sessions conducted approximately 9 months apart. We asked students to write an essay about their knowledge of the forest. Over the 9 months, children increased their use of words accurately associated with BNF activities (0 to 4%), conservation actions (0 to 2%) and forest threats (2 to 12%) as well as expressing more of an emotional connection to the forest and wildlife (0 to 5%). Children who had joined the club for >12 months showed an increase in knowledge about forest characteristics (25 to 30%) and wildlife species names (43 to 55%). While we can demonstrate clear awareness increase on environmental issues, changing mind-sets, attitudes and behaviours does require an in-depth vital experience. We strongly believe that non-formal education is a key complementary tool to inspire new generations to take action towards conservation and sustainable development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TITIRITIANDO: Creating an engaging theatrical education program to teach children that cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) are not pets.","authors":"Anne Savage, Leysthen Diaz, Johana Pasion, Katharine Torregroza, Alexander Franke Stevens, Rosamira Guillen","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) are a critically endangered primate found only in Colombia. Proyecto Tití has been leading conservation efforts in Colombia and has developed successful conservation education programs that engage communities in activities that promote the long-term survival of cotton-top tamarins. TITIRITIANDO is an educational theatrical program that introduces children to cotton-top tamarins and the challenges they face in the illegal pet trade. We presented this program to 4018 elementary school children to determine if using puppets and interactive messaging created an emotional connection between children and cotton-top tamarins that inspired them to engage in actions that aid cotton-top tamarin conservation. Pre- and post-test evaluations were conducted on 1917 students. Pre-surveys found 34% of the children were unable to identify at least one action to help cotton-top tamarins. Following the program students could on average identify at least 3 actions that positively impacted cotton-top tamarins with \"not having a cotton-top tamarin as a pet\" (75%) as the most frequently sited response. Misconceptions regarding the health and wellbeing of pet cotton-top tamarins was evident with 20% of the students believing that animals were well cared for and had a better life living with people than in the forest. Following the program, students were able to understand and empathize with pet cotton-top tamarins and on average could identify at least 3 negative impacts on individual welfare/well-being with the most common answers as they (1) are sad/depressed (91%), (2) die (87%), (3) are fed an inappropriate diet (80%), (4) have lost their family (74%) and (5) have lost their freedom (39%). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of educational theater in helping children to understand the impact the illegal pet trade has on cotton-top tamarins and how they can engage in activities to protect them.</p>","PeriodicalId":50437,"journal":{"name":"Folia Primatologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}