Forest Systems最新文献

{"title":"Forest canopy gaps offer a window into the future The case of subtropical coastal forests within an urban matrix in South Africa","authors":"Astika Bhugeloo, S. Ramdhani, K. Peerbhay, Olivier K. Kambaj, Sershen","doi":"10.5424/FS/2021301-16914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/FS/2021301-16914","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: Alien and indigenous species emergence patterns within canopy gaps in urban subtropical forests are poorly understood. This study compared canopy gap floristics in relation to abiotic and physical characteristics across three subtropical urban forests differing in disturbance history.Area of study: Three Northern Coastal Forests of varying disturbance histories found in coastal subtropical urban KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa (SA).Materials and methods: Closed canopy ( n = 15 quadrats per forest ) and four gaps from three size classes (‘small’ < 25 m2, ‘medium’ 25 - 45 m2; ‘large’ > 45 m2) were surveyed for each forest using classical vegetation sampling techniques. Soil moisture content and air temperature were measured within each gap.Main results: Cumulatively all forests hosted 198 species. Species richness was highest in the primary highly disturbed forest followed by the primary least disturbed forest and lowest in the transitional highly disturbed forest. Alien taxa cover within gaps was correlated with higher indigenous seedling emergence in the primary forests. Species richness was positively correlated with gap size and soil moisture content, and negatively correlated with air temperature.Research highlights: Gap floristic patterns are influenced by size, abiotic factors, disturbance and forest successional status. Alien taxa may facilitate indigenous seedling emergence within gaps in primary forests. Floristic, abiotic and physical characteristics of canopy gaps should be monitored within urban forests as they can influence gap infilling regarding species composition and rate. This can inform management strategies including species reintroduction and enrichment planting.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71074748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the accuracy of wood moisture content estimation in four European softwoods from Spain","authors":"Maria Conde Garcia, M. Conde García, J. Fernández-Golfín","doi":"10.5424//FS/2021301-17798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424//FS/2021301-17798","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To obtain improved models to predict, with an error of less than ± 2.0%, the gravimetric moisture content in four different softwoods commonly present in the Spanish and European markets, based on electrical resistance measurements. This improved moisture content estimation is useful not only for assessing the quality of wood products, especially in the case of laminated products, during the transformation and delivery process, but also for accurately monitoring the evolution of moisture in wood present in bridges and buildings, which is of great importance for its maintenance and service life improvement.Area of study: The study was carried out on samples of Scots, laricio, radiata and  maritime pines of Spanish provenances.Material and methods: On 50x50x20 mm3 solid wood samples (36 per species, 9 per condition), conditioned at 20ºC (±05ºC) and 40±5%, 65±5%, 80±5% or 90±5% Relative Humidity (RH), electrical resistance and oven-dry moisture content was measured. The Samuelsson's model was fitted to data to explain the relationship between the two variables. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by the use of an external sample.Main results: With the proposed mathematical functions the wood moisture content can be estimated with an error of ±0.9% in the four species, confirming the effectiveness of this nondestructive methodology for accurate estimation and monitoring of moisture content.Research highlights: our results allow the improvement of the moisture content estimation technique by resistance-type methodologies.Keywords: Resistance-type moisture meter; species correction.Abbreviations used: MC: Moisture content; RH: relative Humidity; R: electrical resistance; RP: wood electrical resistance measured parallel to the grain; RT: electrical resistance measured perpendicular (transversally) to the grain; GM-MC: gravimetrically measured moisture content.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":"002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43802403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonstructural carbohydrates, carbon and nitrogen concentrations in fine roots of Quercus variabilis secondary forests after two different periods of regeneration","authors":"Chuang Ma, Yinghua Li, H. You, Hong Long, Weiwei Yu, Yunchang Gao, Yuanhong Wang","doi":"10.5424/FS/2021301-16550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/FS/2021301-16550","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Quercus variabilis is a sclerophyllous oak with strong resprouting capabilities and whose regeneration is facilitated by the development of stump shoots following disturbance. During secondary forest regeneration, fine roots are important organs relative to changes in stand characteristics. Here, we aimed to provide novel insights into the chemical composition variations in roots with seasonality and root order hierarchy in a Q. variabilis forest at different periods of regeneration.Area of study: The forest is located next to the Baxianshan National Reserve in the southern part of the Yanshan Mountains, Tianjin, China.Materials and methods: Six plots were established in stands with either eight or 40 years of regeneration for the repeated sampling of fine roots during the growing season of 2019. All roots were classified by branch order. The first three root orders were collected to analyse the concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrate, carbon, and nitrogen.Main results: Short-term regeneration stands showed a reduction in soil moisture and an increase in soil temperature because of the lower canopy cover, compared to long-term stands. Soluble sugar and starch were lower in roots of short-term stands than in those of long-term stands, and the decreasing ratio of both parameters was observed in short-term stands. Less carbon and greater nitrogen concentrations of fine roots were found in short-term stands than in long-term stands, which resulted in weaker C/N ratio values. Nonstructural carbohydrate was stored more in higher order roots than terminal roots and presented greater sensitivity to forest regeneration. Redundancy discriminate analysis demonstrated that the nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in roots were affected positively by canopy cover and negatively by soil temperature.Research highlights: The seasonal dynamics and branch allocation of chemical reserves in fine roots varied in the different periods of forest regeneration because of the discrepancy between the canopy cover and soil traits. Less nonstructural carbohydrate and a lower C/N ratio at the onset of forest regeneration may elevate the risk of root death.Keywords: soluble sugar; starch; forest regeneration; root order; C/N ratio; redundancy discriminate analysis.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New validated Eucalyptus SSR markers located in candidate genes involved in growth and plant development","authors":"Cintia V. Acuña, J. Rivas, N. Aguirre, Pamela Villalba, María C Martínez, M. Garcia, H. Hopp, S. Marcucci-Poltri","doi":"10.5424/fs/2020293-17074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2020293-17074","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To validate and characterize new microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers, located within genomic transcribed sequences related to growth and plant developmental traits, in Eucalyptus species.Area of study: Eucalyptus species from different Australian origins planted in Argentina.Materials and methods: In total, 134 SSR in 129 candidate genes (CG-SSR) involved in plant development were selected and physically mapped to the E. grandis reference genome by bioinformatic tools. Experimental validation and polymorphism analysis were performed on 48 individuals from E. grandis and interspecific hybrids (E. grandis x E. camaldulensis; E. grandis x E. tereticornis), E. globulus, E. maidenii, E. dunnii and E. benthamii.Main results: 131 out of 134 CG-SSR were mapped on the 11 chromosomes of E. grandis reference genome. Most of the 134 analyzed SSR (> 75%) were positively amplified and 39 were polymorphic in at least one species. A search of annotated genes within a 25 kbp up and downstream region of each SSR location retrieved 773 genes of interest.Research highlights: The new validated and characterized CG-SSR are potentially suitable for comparative QTL mapping, molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAB) and population genetic studies across different species within Symphyomyrtus subgenus.Keywords: CG-SSR; cross-transferability; EST; eucalypts; microsatellite.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44229034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylic and citric acid as promising new stimulants for resin tapping in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)","authors":"Santiago Michavila Puente-Villegas, A. Rodríguez García, F. Rubio, L. Gil, R. López","doi":"10.5424/FS/2020293-16737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/FS/2020293-16737","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: We tested alternative active principles to the most widely used resin tapping stimulant which contains sulphuric acid. We also studied the effect of wounding in five-year-old Pinus pinaster seedlings with a microtapping method.Area of study: The experiment was carried out at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in Spain.Material and Methods: The experiment consisted of six treatments: control (no stimulant no wounding), wound (no stimulant), and pines stimulated with sulphuric acid, ethrel, salicylic acid and citric acid. We evaluated the resin yield differentiating between released resin and internal resin (resin retained within the xylem), and the physiological status of the tree.Main Results: Wounded plants produced on average three times more resin than control plants. Plants stimulated with salicylic and citric acids showed the highest resin yield and produced on average 15% more resin than those stimulated with sulphuric acid, mainly because the released resin was higher. Tree diameter affected resin yield and thicker trees produced more resin. We did not observe any significant effect of the treatments on stomatal conductance and only a marginal significant effect (p<0.10) on water potential.Research highlights: Salicylic acid and citric acid seem to be promising stimulants for the resin tapping activity to be further tested in field experiments with adult trees.Keywords: sulphuric acid; ethrel; pine resin; microtapping; wounding; water potential; stomatal conductance.Abbreviations used: TR: total resin content; RR: released resin; IR: internal resin; gs: stomatal conductance; Ψleaf: midday leaf water potential.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42472925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf litter hides post-dispersed seeds from invasive alien removers in a sclerophyll forest in central Chile","authors":"Luis Cáceres-Polgrossi, Á. Promis, Á. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.5424/fs/2020293-16845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2020293-16845","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: Seed removal may be a determining filter for regeneration. Factors such as leaf litter, tree cover and seed density affect seed removal. This aims to assess three aspects involving on post dispersal seed removal of four woody species (Lithraea caustica, Maytenus boaria, Quillaja saponaria and Retanilla ephedra) of a sclerophyll forest.Study area: Andean Mediterranean sclerophyll forest of Quillaja saponaria and Lithraea caustica located in the Río de Los Cipreses National Reserve, Chile.Materials and methods: Seven experimental plots were set up, in which seeds were offered in an experiment with variations in leaf litter, tree cover and seed density. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were used for the statistical analysis. Camera traps were installed to identify the seed removers.Main results: Q. saponaria seeds were more removed than the seeds of the other species (0.84, observed mean). Whereas that M. boaria and R. ephedra did not show significant differences on the removal of their seeds (0.77 and 0.67 respectively), both were more removed than L. caustica (0.59). The removal of M. boaria, Q. saponaria and R. ephedra seeds was lower in the presence of leaf litter. No factor influenced the removal of L. caustica seeds. Seed removers were identified as invasive alien species such as Rattus sp. and Oryctolagus cuniculus and native species such as Lycalopex culpaeus.Research highlights: Three woody species of this forest suffer severe seed removal by invasive alien fauna with major implications for the resilience of these forests. The coverage of leaf litter is key to hide away the seeds, increasing survival and could promote germination.Keywords: invasive alien fauna; Mediterranean forest; sclerophyll forest; seed removal factors.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45469010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy for the distinction of wood and charcoal from Fabaceae species: comparison of ANN, KNN AND SVM models","authors":"H. Vieira, J. Santos, D. Souza, P. Rios, G. B. Muniz, S. Morrone, S. Nisgoski","doi":"10.5424/fs/2020293-16965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2020293-16965","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of NIR spectroscopy to differentiate Fabaceae species native to Araucaria forest fragments.Area of study; Trees of the evaluated species were collected from an Araucaria forest stand in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, in the region to be flooded by the São Roque hydroelectric project.Material and methods: Discs of three species (Inga vera, Machaerium paraguariense and Muellera campestris) were collected at 1.30 meters from the ground. They were sectioned to cover radial variation of the wood (regions near bark, intermediate and near pith). After wood analysis, the same samples were carbonized. Six spectra were obtained from each specimen of wood and charcoal. The original and second derivative spectra, principal component statistics and classification models (Artificial Neural Network: ANN, Support Vector Machines with kernel radial basis function: SVM and k-Nearest Neighbors: k-NN) were investigated.Main results: Visual analysis of spectra was not efficient for species differentiation, so three NIR classification models for species discrimination were tested. The best results were obtained with the use of k-NN for both wood and charcoal and ANN for wood analysis. In all situations, second derivative NIR spectra produced better results.Research highlights: Correct discrimination of wood and charcoal species for control of illegal logging was achieved. Fabaceae species in an Araucaria forest stand were correctly identified.Keywords: Araucaria forest; identification of species; classification models.Abbreviations used: Near infrared: NIR, Lages Herbarium of Santa Catarina State University: LUSC, Principal component analysis: PCA, artificial neural network: ANN, support vector machines with kernel radial basis function: SVM, k-nearest neighbors: k-NN.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71074698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An individual-tree linear mixed-effects model for predicting the basal area increment of major forest species in Southern Europe","authors":"L. Di Cosmo, D. Giuliani, M. M. Dickson, P. Gasparini","doi":"10.5424/fs/2020293-15500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2020293-15500","url":null,"abstract":"Aims of the study. Assessment of growth is essential to support sustainability of forest management and forest policies. The objective of the study was to develop a species-specific model to predict the annual increment of tree basal area through variables recorded by forest surveys, to assess forest growth directly or in the context of more complex forest growth and yield simulation models.Area of the study. Italy.Material and methods. Data on 34638 trees of 31 different forest species collected in 5162 plots of the Italian National Forest Inventory were used; the data were recorded between 2004 and 2006. To account for the hierarchical structure of the data due to trees nested within plots, a two-level mixed-effects modelling approach was used.Main results. The final result is an individual-tree linear mixed-effects model with species as dummy variables. Tree size is the main predictor, but the model also integrates geographical and topographic predictors and includes competition. The model fitting is good (McFadden’s Pseudo-R2 0.536), and the variance of the random effect at the plot level is significant (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.512). Compared to the ordinary least squares regression, the mixed-effects model allowed reducing the mean absolute error of estimates in the plots by 64.5% in average.Research highlights. A single tree-level model for predicting the basal area increment of different species was developed using forest inventory data. The data used for the modelling cover 31 species and a great variety of growing conditions, and the model seems suitable to be applied in the wider context of Southern Europe.   Keywords: Tree growth; forest growth modelling; forest inventory; hierarchical data structure; Italy.Abbreviations used: BA - basal area; BAI – five-year periodic basal area increment; BALT - basal area of trees larger than the subject tree; BASPratio - ratio of subject tree species basal area to stand basal area; BASTratio - ratio of subject tree basal area to stand basal area; CRATIO - crown ratio; DBH – diameter at breast height ; DBH0– diameter at breast height corresponding to five years before the survey year; DBHt– diameter at breast height measured in the survey year; DI5 - five-year, inside bark, DBH increment; HDOM - dominant height; LULUCF - Land Use, Land Use Changes and Forestry; ME - mean error; MAE - mean absolute error; MPD - mean percent deviation; MPSE - mean percent standard error; NFI(s) - National Forest Inventory/ies; OLS - ordinary least squares regression; RMSE - root mean squared error; UNFCCC - United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate properties, forest structure and climate influences wood-inhabiting fungal diversity in broadleaved and mixed forests from Northeastern Romania","authors":"Ovidiu Copoț, C. Tănase","doi":"10.5424/fs/2020293-16728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2020293-16728","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: The main objective of this study was to find the factors which best explains the wood-inhabiting fungal species’ richness in beech and oak-dominated forests.Area of study: We focused on broadleaved and mixed forests found in Northeastern Romania.Materials and methods: 59 plots were randomly set up in broadleaved and mixed forest stands, in which vegetation structure, composition, and topoclimatic factors were quantified along with wood-inhabiting fungal richness. Generalized linear models were used to characterize relationship between fungal diversity and biotic and abiotic factors.Main results: 374 taxa were identified, with numerous species found to cohabitate, the highest sharing being between Fine Woody Debris and Downed Coarse Woody Debris. The best predictors of total diversity were related to the substrate, management, stand structure, and macroclimate. Higher volumes of logs and large branches in various decay stages increased fungal richness. The same effect was found in diverse forests, with large snags. Macroclimate and topoclimate positively influenced diversity, through De Martonne Aridity Index and snow cover length, both indicating macrofungi preferences for higher moisture of substrate. Silvicultural interventions had an ambivalent effect to fungal diversity, phenomenon observed through stump numbers and proportion.Research highlights: Particular environmental characteristics proved significantly important in explaining different wood-inhabiting fungal richness patterns. Substrate-related variables were the most common ones found, but they were closely linked to climate and forest stand variables.Keywords: Wood-inhabiting fungi; oak, beech and coniferous forests; substrate diversity; dead wood types; coarse woody debris; fine woody debris; climatic variables.Abbreviations used:ALT, elevation; ASPI, Aspect Index; BIO1, mean annual temperature; BIO4, temperature seasonality; BIO7, annual temperature range; BIO12, annual precipitation; BIO15, precipitation seasonality; CWD, coarse woody debris; DBH, diameter at breast height; DCWD, downed coarse woody debris; DCWD_DECAY, DCWD decay diversity; DCWD_DIV, DCWD taxonomic diversity; DCWD_SV, surface-volume ratio of DCWD; DCWD_VOL, DCWD volume; DMAI, De Martonne Aridity Index; DMAI_AU, Autumn DMAI; DMAI_SP, Spring DMAI; DMAI_SU, Summer DMAI; DMAI_WI, Winter DMAI; FAI, Forestry Aridity Index; FWD, fine woody debris; L_SNAG_BA, large snag basal area; OLD_BA, basal area of old trees; POI, Positive Openness Index; RAI, Recent Activity Index; SCL, snow cover length; SLOPE, slope; SNAG_N, snag density; STUMP_N, stump density; TPI, Topographic Position Index; TREE_BA, mean basal area of trees; TREE_DIV, tree' Shannon diversity.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47964518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological descriptors for the characterization of teak clones (Tectona grandis L.f.) in plantations","authors":"Jorge-L. Reategui-Betancourt, D. A. Arriel, S. Caldeira, A. Higa, Paulo-C. Flôres-Junior, Stefania Palma-Araujo, Rudmilla Menezes Marques, Bruna-Maria-B. Corrêa, D. T. Martinez","doi":"10.5424/FS/2020292-15634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/FS/2020292-15634","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The objective of this work was to identify possible morphological descriptors for teak clones, in order to support the cultivars protection process of this species.Area of study: This experiment was carried out in ‘São José dos Quatro Marcos’, Mato Grosso, midwest Brazil.Material and methods: A teak clonal test, assessing 18 clones, was evaluated at the ages of 29 and 41 months by means of 41 morphological characteristics, related mainly to the branches, leaves and trunk. The clonal test was established in a randomized block design composed by three blocks, each block containing 18 plots, one for each clone. Each plot had 36 plants, but only the innermost five individuals were selected and evaluated. The information was organized in a presence and absence matrix. Subsequently, genetic similarity measures were estimated, by means of the Jaccard index, and a clustering was performed by the Unweighted Pair Group Method using the Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method.Main results: A total of 26 and 28 morphological characteristic that exhibited DHS (distinction, homogeneity and stability) were identified at the ages of 29 and 41 months, respectively. Of these, 17 characteristics showed the same behavior at 29 and 41 months of age. However, it is important to emphasize that the evaluation must be performed under the same planting conditions in which these descriptors were developed.Research highlights: These 17 morphological characteristics can compose the list of potential morphological descriptors to be used in the process of teak clones/cultivars protection.Keywords: cultivars protection; morphological characteristics; distinction, homogeneity; stability.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49649332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}