World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Transglutaminase 2 serves as a pathogenic hub gene of KRAS mutant colon cancer based on integrated analysis","authors":"Wei-Bin Peng, Yu-Ping Li, Yong Zeng, Kai Chen","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2074","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Colon cancer is acknowledged as one of the most common malignancies worldwide, ranking third in United States regarding incidence and mortality. Notably, approximately 40% of colon cancer cases harbor oncogenic KRAS mutations, resulting in the continuous activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. AIM To investigate the key pathogenic genes in KRAS mutant colon cancer holds considerable importance. METHODS Weighted gene co-expression network analysis, in combination with additional bioinformatics analysis, were conducted to screen the key factors driving the progression of KRAS mutant colon cancer. Meanwhile, various in vitro experiments were also conducted to explore the biological function of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). RESULTS Integrated analysis demonstrated that TGM2 acted as an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival. Immunohistochemical analysis on tissue microarrays revealed that TGM2 was associated with an elevated probability of perineural invasion in patients with KRAS mutant colon cancer. Additionally, biological roles of the key gene TGM2 was also assessed, suggesting that the downregulation of TGM2 attenuated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of the KRAS mutant colon cancer cell line. CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential significance of TGM2 in the progression of KRAS mutant colon cancer. This insight not only offers a theoretical foundation for therapeutic approaches but also highlights the need for additional clinical trials and fundamental research to support our preliminary findings.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"137 11","pages":"2074 - 2090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METTL5 promotes gastric cancer progression via sphingomyelin metabolism","authors":"Yaqiong Zhang, Jian Li, Zhe Qin, Deming Li, Fangzhou Ye, S. Bei, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Li Feng","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1925","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The treatment of gastric cancer (GC) has caused an enormous social burden worldwide. Accumulating studies have reported that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is closely related to tumor progression. METTL5 is a m6A methyltransferase that plays a pivotal role in maintaining the metabolic stability of cells. However, its aberrant regulation in GC has not been fully elucidated. AIM To excavate the role of METTL5 in the development of GC. METHODS METTL5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed via The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and further verified via immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in tissue microarrays and clinical samples. The tumor-promoting effect of METTL5 on HGC-27 and AGS cells was explored in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, colony formation assays, scratch healing assays, transwell assays and flow cytometry. The tumor-promoting role of METTL5 in vivo was evaluated in a xenograft tumor model. The EpiQuik m6A RNA Methylation Quantification Kit was used for m6A quantification. Next, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the association between METTL5 and sphingomyelin metabolism, which was confirmed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rescue tests. In addition, we investigated whether METTL5 affects the sensitivity of GC cells to cisplatin via colony formation and transwell experiments. RESULTS Our research revealed substantial upregulation of METTL5, which suggested a poor prognosis of GC patients. Increased METTL5 expression indicated distant lymph node metastasis, advanced cancer stage and pathological grade. An increased level of METTL5 correlated with a high degree of m6A methylation. METTL5 markedly promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells in vitro. METTL5 also promotes the growth of GC in animal models. METTL5 knockdown resulted in significant changes in sphingomyelin metabolism, which implies that METTL5 may impact the development of GC via sphingomyelin metabolism. In addition, high METTL5 expression led to cisplatin resistance. CONCLUSION METTL5 was found to be an oncogenic driver of GC and may be a new target for therapy since it facilitates GC carcinogenesis through sphingomyelin metabolism and cisplatin resistance.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"129 18","pages":"1925 - 1946"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different lymph node staging systems for predicting the prognosis of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms","authors":"Yuanyi Zhang, Yue-Wei Cai, Xia Zhang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1745","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a rare malignancy that primarily arises from the diffuse distribution of neuroendocrine cells in the colon and rectum. Previous studies have pointed out that the status of lymph node may be used to predict the prognosis. AIM To investigate the predictive values of lymph node ratio (LNR), positive lymph node (PLN), and log odds of PLNs (LODDS) staging systems on the prognosis of colorectal NENs treated surgically, and compare their predictive values. METHODS This cohort study included 895 patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The endpoint was mortality of patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically. X-tile software was utilized to identify most suitable thresholds for categorizing the LNR, PLN, and LODDS. Participants were selected in a random manner to form training and testing sets. The prognosis of surgically treating colorectal NENs was examined using multivariate cox analysis to assess the associations of LNR, PLN, and LODDS with the prognosis of colorectal NENs. C-index was used for assessing the predictive effectiveness. We conducted a subgroup analysis to explore the different lymph node staging systems’ predictive values. RESULTS After adjusting all confounding factors, PLN, LNR and LODDS staging systems were linked with mortality in patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically (P < 0.05). We found that LODDS staging had a higher prognostic value for patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically than PLN and LNR staging systems. Similar results were obtained in the different G staging subgroup analyses. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for LODDS staging system remained consistently higher than those of PLN or LNR, even at the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-year follow-up periods. CONCLUSION LNR, PLN, and LODDS were found to significantly predict the prognosis of patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1745 - 1755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemoradiotherapy plus tislelizumab for mismatch repair proficient rectal cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis: A case report","authors":"Wentao Zhong, Yuan Lv, Qian-Yu Wang, Ran An, Gang Chen, Jun-Feng Du","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2219","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND According to the latest report, colorectal cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers, with the third highest incidence and mortality worldwide. Treatment of advanced rectal cancer with distant metastases is usually unsatisfactory, especially for mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) rectal cancer, which leads to poor prognosis and recurrence. CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a pMMR rectal adenocarcinoma with metastases of multiple lymph nodes, including the left supraclavicular lymph node, before treatment in a 70-year-old man. He received full courses of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by 4 cycles of programmed death 1 inhibitor Tislelizumab, and a pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved, and the lesion of the left supraclavicular lymph node also disappeared. CONCLUSION pMMR advanced rectal cancer with preserved intact distant metastatic lymph nodes may benefit from full-course CRT combined with immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"52 7","pages":"2219 - 2224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four centrosome-related genes to predict the prognosis and drug sensitivity of patients with colon cancer","authors":"Hui-Yan Wang, Yan Diao, Pei-Zhu Tan, Huan Liang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1908","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND As the primary microtubule organizing center in animal cells, centrosome abnormalities are involved in human colon cancer. AIM To explore the role of centrosome-related genes (CRGs) in colon cancer. METHODS CRGs were collected from public databases. Consensus clustering analysis was performed to separate the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression analyses were performed to identify candidate prognostic CRGs and construct a centrosome-related signature (CRS) to score colon cancer patients. A nomogram was developed to evaluate the CRS risk in colon cancer patients. An integrated bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between the CRS and tumor immune microenvironment and response to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Single-cell transcriptome analysis was conducted to examine the immune cell landscape of core prognostic genes. RESULTS A total of 726 CRGs were collected from public databases. A CRS was constructed, which consisted of the following four genes: TSC1, AXIN2, COPS7A, and MTUS1. Colon cancer patients with a high-risk signature had poor survival. Patients with a high-risk signature exhibited decreased levels of plasma cells and activated memory CD4+ T cells. Regarding treatment response, patients with a high-risk signature were resistant to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. COPS7A expression was relatively high in endothelial cells and fibroblasts. MTUS1 expression was high in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and malignant cells. CONCLUSION We constructed a centrosome-related prognostic signature that can accurately predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients, contributing to the development of individualized treatment for colon cancer.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"48 7","pages":"1908 - 1924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the value of combined detection of tumor markers CA724, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA242, and CA19-9 in gastric cancer","authors":"Chong-Mei Zhou, Shao-Hua Zhao","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1737","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a global health concern that poses a significant threat to human well-being. AIM To detecting serum changes in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 724, CA242, and CA19-9 expression among patients with gastric cancer. METHODS Eighty patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between January 2020 and January 2023 were included in the observation group, while 80 patients with benign gastric diseases were included in the control group. Both groups were tested for tumor markers (CA724, CEA, CA242, and CA19-9]. Tumor marker indicators (CA724, CEA, CA242, and CA19-9) were compared between the two groups, assessing positive rates of tumor markers across various stages in the observation group. Additionally, single and combined detection of various tumor markers were examined. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value observed for the combined detection of CA724, CEA, CA242, and CA19-9 were higher than those of CA724, CEA, CA242, and CA19-9 individually. Therefore, the combined detection of CA724, CEA, CA242, and CA19-9 has a high diagnostic accuracy and could reduce the occurrence of missed or misdiagnosed cases, facilitating the early diagnosis and treatment of patients. CONCLUSION CA724, CEA, CA242, and CA19-9 serum levels in gastric cancer patients significantly surpassed those in non-gastric cancer patients (P < 0.05). Their combined detection can improve the diagnostic accuracy for gastric cancer, warranting clinical promotion.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"131 36","pages":"1737 - 1744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage density and proportion of M2 subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer","authors":"Fouzia Fazal, Muhammad Arsalan Khan, Sumayyah Shawana, Rahma Rashid, Muhammed Mubarak","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1878","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent global malignancy with complex prognostic factors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have shown paradoxical associations with CRC survival, particularly concerning the M2 subset. AIM We aimed to establish a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs and explore their correlation with clinicopathological factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study included histopathological assessment of paraffin-embedded tissue blocks obtained from 43 CRC patients. Using CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemistry, we quantified TAMs in tumor stroma and front, focusing on M2 proportion. Demographic, histopathological, and clinical parameters were collected. RESULTS TAM density was significantly higher at the tumor front, with the M2 proportion three times greater in both zones. The tumor front had a higher M2 proportion, which correlated significantly with advanced tumor stage (P = 0.04), pathological nodal involvement (P = 0.04), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI, P = 0.01). However, no significant association was found between the M2 proportion in the tumor stroma and clinicopathological factors. CONCLUSION Our study introduces a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs in CRC tissue samples. We demonstrated a significant correlation between an increased M2 proportion at the tumor front and advanced tumor stage, nodal involvement, and LVI. This suggests that M2-like TAMs might serve as potential indicators of disease progression in CRC, warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"20 4","pages":"1878 - 1889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiRNA-145-5p inhibits gastric cancer progression via the serpin family E member 1- extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 axis","authors":"Hong-Xia Bai, Xue-Mei Qiu, Chun-Hong Xu, Jian-Qiang Guo","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2123","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and play a critical role in cancer physiology. However, there is still a limited understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in gastric cancer (GC). AIM To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA-145-5p (miR145-5p) in the progression of GC. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect miRNA expression in human GC tissues and cells. The ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade was assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays, and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated protein was determined by Western blot. Targets of miR-145-5p were predicated using bioinformatics analysis and verified using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) expression in GC tissues and cells was evaluated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between SERPINE1 expression and overall patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier plot analysis. The association between SERPINE1 and GC progression was also tested. A rescue experiment of SERPINE1 overexpression was conducted to verify the relationship between this protein and miR-145-5p. The mechanism by which miR-145-5p influences GC progression was further explored by assessing tumor formation in nude mice. RESULTS GC tissues and cells had reduced miR-145-5p expression and SERPINE1 was identified as a direct target of this miRNA. Overexpression of miR-145-5p was associated with decreased GC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT, and these effects were reversed by forcing SERPINE1 expression. Kaplan-Meier plot analysis revealed that patients with higher SERPINE1 expression had a shorter survival rate than those with lower SERPINE1 expression. Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p targets SERPINE1 to regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2). CONCLUSION This study found that miR-145-5p inhibits tumor progression and is expressed in lower amounts in patients with GC. MiR-145-5p was found to affect GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by negatively regulating SERPINE1 levels and controlling the ERK1/2 pathway.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"89 1","pages":"2123 - 2140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative remedial antiviral therapy in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma resection: How to achieve a better outcome","authors":"Fan Mu, Liangshuo Hu, Kun Xu, Zhen Zhao, Bai-Cai Yang, Yi-Meng Wang, Kun Guo, Jian-Hua Shi, Yi-jing Lv, Bo Wang","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1833","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Although the benefits of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been proven, researchers have not confirmed the differences in patient outcomes between patients who received preoperative antiviral therapy for a period of time (at least 24 wk) and patients who received remedial antiviral therapy just before radical resection for HBV-related HCC. AIM To investigate the efficacy of perioperative remedial antiviral therapy in patients with HBV-related HCC. METHODS A retrospective study of patients who underwent radical resection for HBV-related HCC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2016 to June 2019 was conducted. Considering the history of antiviral therapy, patients were assigned to remedial antiviral therapy and preoperative antiviral therapy groups. RESULTS Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significant differences in overall survival (P < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (P = 0.035) between the two groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a history of preoperative antiviral treatment was independently related to improved survival (hazard ratio = 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.08-0.88; P = 0.030). CONCLUSION In patients with HBV-related HCC, it is ideal to receive preoperative long-term antiviral therapy, which helps patients tolerate more extensive hepatectomy; however, remedial antiviral therapy, which reduces preoperative HBV-DNA levels to less than 4 Log10 copies DNA/mL, can also result in improved outcomes.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"33 12","pages":"1833 - 1848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of STAT-signaling pathway on cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer and its role in immunosuppression","authors":"Damián Sánchez-Ramírez, M. G. Mendoza-Rodríguez, Omar R Alemán, Fernando A Candanedo-González, M. Rodríguez-Sosa, J. J. Montesinos-Montesinos, Mauricio Salcedo, Ismael Brito-Toledo, Felipe Vaca-Paniagua, Luis I. Terrazas","doi":"10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1705","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadliest types of cancer worldwide. CRC displays a desmoplastic reaction (DR) that has been inversely associated with poor prognosis; less DR is associated with a better prognosis. This reaction generates excessive connective tissue, in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical cells that form a part of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs are directly involved in tumorigenesis through different mechanisms. However, their role in immunosuppression in CRC is not well understood, and the precise role of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) in mediating CAF activity in CRC remains unclear. Among the myriad chemical and biological factors that affect CAFs, different cytokines mediate their function by activating STAT signaling pathways. Thus, the harmful effects of CAFs in favoring tumor growth and invasion may be modulated using STAT inhibitors. Here, we analyze the impact of different STATs on CAF activity and their immunoregulatory role.","PeriodicalId":504226,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology","volume":"66 6","pages":"1705 - 1724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}