Geofizika最新文献_第2页

Combined ERT and borehole logs for mapping the soil-rock interface in a granitic environment 用于绘制花岗岩环境中土壤-岩石界面的ERT和钻孔日志

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.17

Adedibu Sunny Akingboye, A. A. Bery

{"title":"Combined ERT and borehole logs for mapping the soil-rock interface in a granitic environment","authors":"Adedibu Sunny Akingboye, A. A. Bery","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2022.39.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2022.39.17","url":null,"abstract":"This study used the efficiency of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and borehole logs to map the soil-rock interface beneath four traverses (RS1, RS2, RS3, and RS4) in the granitic terrain of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. The study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the soil-rock characteristic features and interfaces on groundwater and infrastructure development to meet the needs of the increasing inhabitants yearly. The borehole- and ERT-derived lithologic units are strongly correlated. The delineated lithologic units include the topsoil, weathered granitic units (medium stiff to hard silty clay or clayey silt with <800 Ωm), thin to wide-sized weathered/fractured units, and fresh granitic bedrock. These soil-rock profiles and weathered/fractured apertures support sustainable groundwater developments with drill depths above 45 m. In contrast, the delineated clay/silt alternating with stiffer soils, low load-bearing deep-weathered/fractured zones, and bedrock boulders in most places, except beneath traverse RS3, have high affinities for water retention and differential stresses. These features can adversely impact poorly reinforced foundations. Hence, structural elements of the foundations, such as footings or piles, should be placed on stable bedrock, particularly in the central to western parts of the study area. This study has reduced the paucity of information on using ERT and borehole logs for soil-rock interface studies in the study area.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44370542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A comparative study of probability distribution models for flood discharge estimation 洪水流量估计的概率分布模型比较研究

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.14

E. Turhan, Serin Değerli

{"title":"A comparative study of probability distribution models for flood discharge estimation","authors":"E. Turhan, Serin Değerli","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2022.39.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2022.39.14","url":null,"abstract":"Due to climate change, floods have been more frequent in recent years. Estimating the flood discharge as a result of flood frequency analysis is very substantial to make necessary preparations for possible floods. Data covering 36 years were collected from different stream gauging stations (SGS No: D17A016 and EIEI 1731) in Eastern Mediterranean Basin. With these data, flood discharge values were computed for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 years. Normal, Log-Normal, Gumbel, Pearson Type III and Log-Pearson Type III statistical distribution methods were used. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) and Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests were performed to determine which distribution fitted the flood discharge the best. The study showed that the highest flood discharge among the probability distributions for both SGSs came from the Log-Normal distribution, and the lowest discharge was calculated with the Normal distribution. The K-S tests showed that all probability distributions conformed to the 20% significance level. For SGS D17A016, the flood values calculated with Log-Normal distribution were compatible with a 90% confidence interval according to the Chi-square test. Flood values obtained with the other distributions were found within the 10% significance level. In the Chi-square test for SGS EIEI-1731, all probability distributions fell within a 10% significance.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46212517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Improvement of 1D geoelectric sounding by narrowing the equivalence range and identification, quantification and reduction of lateral effects using the tri-potential technique 缩小等效范围，利用三电位技术识别、量化和减少侧向效应，改进一维地电测深

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.15

F. Arnaut, B. Sretenović, Vesna Cvetkov

{"title":"Improvement of 1D geoelectric sounding by narrowing the equivalence range and identification, quantification and reduction of lateral effects using the tri-potential technique","authors":"F. Arnaut, B. Sretenović, Vesna Cvetkov","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2022.39.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2022.39.15","url":null,"abstract":"Apparent resistivity data from the Offset-Wenner array (Zemun, Serbia), the square array (Bogatić and Golubac, Serbia) and the Wenner tri-potential technique (Vrdnik, Serbia), were used to detect, measure, and reduce lateral effects in 1D inversion. Forward and inverse modelling with the Wenner α, β and γ arrays determined that the Wenner β array provided the most accurate estimate of the first-and second-layer resistivity, while the Wenner γ array provided the most accurate estimate of the high resistivity substratum. The survey on the Zemun loess plateau revealed that if the lateral index of inhomogeneity (LII) is low, the 1D interpretation of both Wenner arrays is justifiable. In addition, the averaging of resistances will result in an apparent resistivity curve that is devoid of lateral effects resulting from near-surface inhomogeneities. As demonstrated by the Vrdnik example, 1D inversion is inadequate when the values of LII and processing covariance (PC) are high. The survey in Golubac was conducted using the square array, which produced lower PC values than collinear arrays. Therefore, the quality of the averaged sounding curve was higher. Also, the interpolated values of the Offset Wenner array displayed reasonable accuracy, while the extrapolated values were inadequate when a low resistivity substratum was present.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41525000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping of soil moisture by time domain reflectometry and electrical resistivity tomography at Velika Gorica well field, Zagreb aquifer 在萨格勒布含水层Velika Gorica井田通过时域反射计和电阻率层析成像绘制土壤湿度图

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.13

Laura Bačani, Kristijan Posavec, F. Šumanovac, Josipa Kapuralić

{"title":"Mapping of soil moisture by time domain reflectometry and electrical resistivity tomography at Velika Gorica well field, Zagreb aquifer","authors":"Laura Bačani, Kristijan Posavec, F. Šumanovac, Josipa Kapuralić","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2022.39.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2022.39.13","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the soil moisture distribution in the unsaturated zone can improve understanding the water flow through the unsaturated zone and thereby enable the calculation of aquifer recharge, which occurs through precipitation. One part of the Zagreb aquifer recharge occurs through infiltration from precipitation. In order to observe and model infiltration from precipitation through the unsaturated zone, the research polygon was constructed at the Velika Gorica well field, located in the southern part of the Zagreb aquifer, Croatia, where hourly measurements of electric conductivity (EC) and soil moisture content were carried out. EC and soil moisture data are measured by Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) probes which are placed at different depths in the unsaturated zone. Furthermore, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were conducted. Geophysical data, along with moisture and EC data from TDR probes, were used as input data for MoisturEC software, in order to obtain soil moisture distribution along a 2D profile. MoisturEC program offers three options for translating EC data to moisture content data which are all tested in this research. We obtained eight moisture content distributions along the observed profile and concluded that MoisturEC provides reasonable results with input data from geophysical measurements and TDR probe measurements. Soil moisture distribution in the unsaturated zone represents the initial conditions for further unsaturated flow modeling. Understanding the flow in the unsaturated zone enables the quantification of effective infiltration and can improve groundwater management.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49612636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lake-land breezes over a small elongated lake (Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes, Croatia) 微风吹过一个细长的小湖(克罗地亚，普利特维采湖，科兹亚克)

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.11

Darko Staver, H. Mihanovic, Zvjezdana B. Klaić

引用次数: 0

Prediction of bimodal monsoonal rainfall in the central dry zone of Myanmar using teleconnections with global sea surface temperatures 利用与全球海面温度的遥相关预测缅甸中部干旱区的双峰季风降雨量

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.9

H. Yasuda, A. Fenta, Hidetoshi Miyazaki, S. Ishiyama, K. Inosako, A. Din, T. Kawai

{"title":"Prediction of bimodal monsoonal rainfall in the central dry zone of Myanmar using teleconnections with global sea surface temperatures","authors":"H. Yasuda, A. Fenta, Hidetoshi Miyazaki, S. Ishiyama, K. Inosako, A. Din, T. Kawai","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2022.39.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2022.39.9","url":null,"abstract":"In the central dry zone of Myanmar, the mean annual rainfall is less than 1000 mm. Although rainfed agriculture is commonly practiced there, the feasibility of rainfed farming is compromised by the large fluctuations of rainfall and the frequent occurrence of dry years. The monthly distribution of rainfall follows a bimodal pattern. The intensity of the monsoonal rainfall from May to October is characterized by two peaks, an early peak (May-June) and a late peak (August–October), separated by the inter-monsoon (July). The return times of dry and wet years make management of rainfed agriculture problematic. There is very little correlation between the early and late monsoonal rainfall (r=–0.257). However, monsoonal rainfall is teleconnected to sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in certain areas of the Pacific Ocean in real time. Furthermore, at lag times of 6–9 months, there are teleconnections between the early monsoonal, inter-monsoonal, and late monsoonal rainfall and SSTs in certain areas of the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean. We used an Elman artificial neural network model to predict early monsoonal, inter-monsoonal, and late monsoonal rainfall based on teleconnections with SSTs in the Indian and Atlantic oceans 6–9 months before the rainfall occurred. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and observed rainfall exceeded 0.7 in all three cases.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45095916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Dynamics of fire weather conditions in the mixed forest areas of Belarus and Ukraine under recent climate change 近期气候变化下白俄罗斯和乌克兰混合林区火灾天气条件的动态

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.10

I. Semenova, Katsiaryna M. Sumak

{"title":"Dynamics of fire weather conditions in the mixed forest areas of Belarus and Ukraine under recent climate change","authors":"I. Semenova, Katsiaryna M. Sumak","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2022.39.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2022.39.10","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines spatiotemporal distribution of fire weather conditions during the fire seasons of 1990–2020 in the mixed forests areas of the territory of Belarus and Ukraine using monthly mean Fire Weather Index (FWI) averaged for each administrative area in the study region. It was revealed that the lowest FWI values were observed in the northern and northwestern regions of Belarus, the highest values were in the southeast. On the territory of Ukraine, FWI values increase toward the east regions. In the seasonal distribution, the FWI increases from March to May and in the middle of summer the index reaches a maximum in the all regions. Analysis of the FWI dynamics over the five-year periods showed that the frequency of danger fire weather conditions varied from a \"very low\" level to \"moderate\" level most of the study period. In the last pentad 2015–2020, \"high\" fire danger level began to appear in the south of Belarus and in the northern part of Ukraine. During the study period, in some regions of Ukraine, there was a decrease in the frequency of the FWI values of 'low' danger level and its simultaneous increase at the higher levels, in connection with the observed climate change in the region.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48038355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Locked crustal faults associated with the subducting Indian Lithosphere and its implications in seismotectonic activity in the Central Indo-Burmese Ranges, Northeast India 印度东北部印度-缅甸山脉中部与俯冲印度岩石圈有关的锁定地壳断层及其在地震构造活动中的意义

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.5

Raghupratim Rakshit, D. Bezbaruah, Farha Zaman, Bubul Bharali, Sowrav Saikia

{"title":"Locked crustal faults associated with the subducting Indian Lithosphere and its implications in seismotectonic activity in the Central Indo-Burmese Ranges, Northeast India","authors":"Raghupratim Rakshit, D. Bezbaruah, Farha Zaman, Bubul Bharali, Sowrav Saikia","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2022.39.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2022.39.5","url":null,"abstract":"Northeast India is a geodynamic hotspot for tectonic activities where three different plates viz., Indian, Eurasian and Burma Plates collide and deform with respect to each other. Northeast moving Indian Plate subducting transversely beneath Burma Plate results in the formation of the Indo-Burmese Ranges (IBR). In central IBR, the north-south trending Churachandpur-Mao Fault (CMF) is situated in the east of the Mizoram-Tripura Fold belt. The northwest-southeast trending Mat River Fault or Mat Fault (MF), which is another major crustal-scale strike-slip transverse fault, upholds the movement of the CMF. In this work, seismotectonic analysis of these two active intra-plate faults which are related to the June-September 2020 earthquake series, have been discussed. It is observed from satellite imageries, earthquake data and confirmed by the field investigation that these faults are not directly involved in the generation of the earthquakes; rather epicenters are distributed in the junction between the MF and CMF. It is evident from the seismotectonic analysis that this stress is distributed through some northwest-southeast synthetic faults, located north of MF and parallel to it, close to the junction with the CMF. The focal solution of the strongest of the 2020 earthquakes, the 5.5 Mw Champhai earthquake (on 22nd June 2020 at 04:10 IST) in Mizoram shows that the principal nodal plane was aligning along MF. Therefore, it is these synthetic faults that are responsible for the earthquakes rather than the locked zone between intra-plate MF and CMF crustal faults. This juxtaposition has caused a major shift in the geodynamic regime in the central IBR. Champhai earthquake might not be the only large devastating earthquake in the region and could be followed by more major earthquakes in the future.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48192881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biexponential decrease of PAR in coastal waters (Northern Adriatic) 沿海水域标准杆数的双指数下降（亚得里亚海北部）

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.2

Borut Umer, V. Malačič

{"title":"Biexponential decrease of PAR in coastal waters (Northern Adriatic)","authors":"Borut Umer, V. Malačič","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2022.39.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2022.39.2","url":null,"abstract":"The attenuation coefficients of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were extracted from the vertical profiles of PAR in coastal waters (the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic). The vertical profiles were collected roughly twice per month from July 2011 to December 2015, and the PAR values just above the sea surface were compared with the PAR data measured on a buoy.This research supports the nonlinear fit with the biexponential expression for the dependence of PAR with depth, yielding a much better match with the data than the fit with a mono-exponential expression. However, another reasoning for biexponential attenuation is because it functions as a solution for a homogeneous differential equation of a second order. The method for estimating the water type is offered with an analysis of the attenuation coefficients of PAR. It was found that for a particular location (the Gulf of Trieste), the attenuation coefficient in a mono-exponential decrease of PAR is 0.19-0.21 m-1, while for a biexponential decrease of PAR, the coefficient of the long-range attenuation is 0.12-0.14 m-1 and that of short-range attenuation is 0.8-0.9 m-1. This leads to the conclusion that most water columns match coastal water type 1, while the surface layer is represented by coastal water types 7 or 9. From the estimate of the water types, the coefficients of downward irradiation were inferred as 0.19 m-1∓0.01 m-1 (long-range attenua-tion) and 3.0 m-1∓0.7 m-1 (short-range attenuation). These coefficients can determine the heat source inside the water column.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46329874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A review of forest fire research directions 森林火灾研究方向综述

IF 1 4区地球科学

Geofizika Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2022.39.7

Diana Škurić Kuraži, Ivana Nižetić Kosović, Ivana Herceg-Bulić

{"title":"A review of forest fire research directions","authors":"Diana Škurić Kuraži, Ivana Nižetić Kosović, Ivana Herceg-Bulić","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2022.39.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2022.39.7","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires cause environmental and economic damages every year, especially in the southern part of Europe. Approaches to estimate the fire risk vary from practical to scientific, since different professions as firefighters, meteorologists, soldiers and foresters are involved. The Internet of Things enables to connect different sources of information in one place, however, the understanding of usage and processes that caused the disaster sometimes is missing. The aim of this article is to give a comprehensive overview of nowadays possibilities for fighting with the fires and categorization of different methods, techniques and approaches. Considering the timeline of the information about fires we are dealing with, we propose three categories: past which mostly refers to analysis, present which encompasses monitoring and future covering forecasting. Each of the categories is described in detail, confirmed with related work and examples, and enriched with challenges and future directions. Dealing with forest fires is very complex, therefore it is difficult to deal with all proposed categories at the same time. However, due to the growing amount of available information and increasing interest of scientists from different research fields, there are more examples of intertwined areas dealing with forest fires. It is expected that in the future it will be possible, in real time, to handle various sources of data and forecast fire danger and risk with high spatial and temporal resolution.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45229128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1