History of the Human Sciences最新文献_第9页

Alfred Vierkandt’s notion of the social group 阿尔弗雷德·维尔坎特的社会群体观

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211053136

Sandro Segre

引用次数: 0

Modern European sexological and orientalist assimilations of medieval Islamicate ‘ilm al-bah to erotology 现代欧洲性学和东方主义对中世纪伊斯兰教“ilm al-bah”与性学的同化

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211056152

Alison M. Downham Moore

{"title":"Modern European sexological and orientalist assimilations of medieval Islamicate ‘ilm al-bah to erotology","authors":"Alison M. Downham Moore","doi":"10.1177/09526951211056152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211056152","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the term erotology, which was applied to medieval Islamicate ‘ilm al-bah (the science of coitus), as well as other world traditions of sexual knowledge, by European sexologists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who contrasted it with their own forms of inquiry into sexual matters in the modern field of sexual science. It argues that the homogenisation and minimisation of all ancient and non-European forms of medical knowledge about sex, even one as substantial as the ‘ilm al-bah tradition, supported a particular story about the origins of sexology's own emergence as a new and unprecedented biomedical and scientific way of knowing, characterised by an opposition assumed between sexuality and religion, by a view of sexual variations as perversions or pathologies, and by a view of Arabs and Muslims as sexually excessive. The article focusses on French, English, German, Austrian, and Italian sources of the 19th century that discussed the history of sexual medicine, relating these accounts to recent attempts to historicise sexology. It considers how forms of colonial hierarchy and exoticist views of non-European cultures impacted the dismissal of ‘ilm al-bah among European sexual scientists and how they may continue to exert an influence on forms of modern historical inquiry that are not attentive to scholarship on medieval Islamicate sexual medicine.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48484058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Measuring non-Han bodies: Anthropometry, colonialism, and biopower in China's south-western borderland in the 1930s and 1940s 测量非汉人的身体:20世纪三四十年代中国西南边境的人体测量学、殖民主义和生物力量

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211049906

Jing Zhu

{"title":"Measuring non-Han bodies: Anthropometry, colonialism, and biopower in China's south-western borderland in the 1930s and 1940s","authors":"Jing Zhu","doi":"10.1177/09526951211049906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211049906","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the biopower of non-Han bodies by considering the intersections of anthropology, racial science, and colonial regimes. During the 1930s and 1940s, when extensive anthropometric research was being undertaken on non-Han populations in the south-western borderlands of China, several anthropologists studied non-Han groups under the aegis of frontier administration. Chinese scholars sought to generate the physical characteristics of ethnic minority groups in the south-west of China through the methodology of body measurement, in order to identify forms of social and political intervention in the management of the non-Han population in wartime. This article examines the global transmission of Western social science in China, highlighting the local reception of Western racial taxonomy. Non-Han bodies were represented as a subcategory of the Mongolian/‘Yellow’ race through anthropometric research. The body measurements of non-Han people were used to demonstrate physical similarities between the Han and various ethnic minority groups in order to evoke a unified Zhonghua minzu (Chinese ethnicity) that embraced both the Han Chinese and frontier ethnic minority groups.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"84 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46805610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

'Somewhere between science and superstition': Religious outrage, horrific science, and The Exorcist (1973). “介于科学和迷信之间”：宗教愤怒、可怕的科学和《驱魔人》（1973）。

IF 0.8 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211004465

Amy C Chambers

{"title":"'Somewhere between science and superstition': Religious outrage, horrific science, and The Exorcist (1973).","authors":"Amy C Chambers","doi":"10.1177/09526951211004465","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09526951211004465","url":null,"abstract":"Science and religion pervade the 1973 horror The Exorcist (1973), and the film exists, as the movie's tagline suggests, 'somewhere between science and superstition'. Archival materials show the depth of research conducted by writer/director William Friedkin in his commitment to presenting and exploring emerging scientific procedures and accurate Catholic ritual. Where clinical and barbaric science fails, faith and ritual save the possessed child Reagan MacNeil (Linda Blair) from her demons. The Exorcist created media frenzy in 1973, with increased reports in the popular press of demon possessions, audience members convulsing and vomiting at screenings, and apparent religious and specifically Catholic moral outrage. However, the official Catholic response to The Exorcist was not as reactionary as the press claimed. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' Office of Film and Broadcasting (USCCB-OFB) officially and publicly condemned the film as being unsuitable for a wide audience, but reviews produced for the office by priests and lay Catholics and correspondence between the Vatican and the USCCB-OFB show that the church at least notionally interpreted it as a positive response to the power of faith. Warner Bros. Studios, however, were keen to promote stories of religious outrage to boost sales and news coverage - a marketing strategy that actively contradicted Friedkin's respectful and collaborative approach to working with both religious communities and medical professionals. Reports of Catholic outrage were a means of promoting The Exorcist rather than an accurate reflection of the Catholic Church's nuanced response to the film and its scientific and religious content.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"34 5","pages":"32-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8575976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39622723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘You never need an analyst with Bobby around’: The mid-20th-century human sciences in Sondheim and Furth's musical Company “你永远不需要有鲍比在身边的分析师”：20世纪中期桑德海姆和福思音乐公司的人文科学

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211049922

Jeffrey Rubel

{"title":"‘You never need an analyst with Bobby around’: The mid-20th-century human sciences in Sondheim and Furth's musical Company","authors":"Jeffrey Rubel","doi":"10.1177/09526951211049922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211049922","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a case study in how historians of science can use musical theater productions to understand the cultural reception of scientific ideas. In 1970, Stephen Sondheim and George Furth's musical Company opened on Broadway. The show engaged with and reflected contemporary theories and ideas from the human sciences; Company's portrayal of its 35-year-old bachelor protagonist, his married friends, and his girlfriends reflected present-day theories from psychoanalysis, sexology, and sociology. In 2018, when director Marianne Elliott revived the show with a female protagonist, Company once again amplified contemporary dilemmas around human sciences expertise—this time, the biological fertility clock. Through Company, Sondheim and Furth—and later Elliott—constructed arguments about modern society that paralleled those put forth by contemporary human scientists, including psychoanalytic models of the mind, the lonely crowd phenomenon, and shifting conceptions of masculinity and femininity. Because of their wide popularity and potential for readaptation, musicals such as Company offer a promising source base for analyzing the relationship between contemporary society and scientific expertise in specific historical contexts.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"168 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44146864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The pragmatic use of metaphor in empirical psychology 隐喻在经验心理学中的语用运用

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211047395

Rami Gabriel

引用次数: 4

Psychoanalysis and anti-racism in mid-20th-century America: An alternative angle of vision 20世纪中期美国的精神分析与反种族主义:另一种视角

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211042784

Tom Fielder

{"title":"Psychoanalysis and anti-racism in mid-20th-century America: An alternative angle of vision","authors":"Tom Fielder","doi":"10.1177/09526951211042784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211042784","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional historiography of psychoanalysis in America offers few opportunities for the elaboration of anti-racist themes, and instead American ‘ego psychology’ has often been regarded as the most acute exemplar of ‘racist’ psychoanalysis. In this article, consistent with the historiographical turn Burnham first identified under the heading of ‘the New Freud Studies’, I distinguish between histories of psychoanalytic practitioners and histories of psychoanalytic ideas in order to open out an alternative angle of vision on the historiography. For psychoanalytic ideas were in fact omnipresent within American culture at mid-century, and they played a fundamental role in the psychological reworking of race that unfolded in the work of social scientists, literary artists, and cultural critics in the 1940s and early Cold War years, culminating in the Brown v. Board of Education ruling of 1954, a major landmark in the civil rights narrative. By pursuing the implications of psychoanalysis in anti-racist struggles at mid-century, and with particular attention to Richard Wright and his autobiographical novel Black Boy, I move towards unearthing an alternative historical account of the intersection between psychoanalysis and race, which offers new ways for psychoanalysis and the history of the human sciences to think about this period.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"193 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46559982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

From class origins to individual psychopathology: Spousal murder according to state socialist Czechoslovak criminology 从阶级起源到个体精神病理:根据国家社会主义捷克斯洛伐克犯罪学的配偶谋杀

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211027724

K. Líšková, Lucia Moravanská

{"title":"From class origins to individual psychopathology: Spousal murder according to state socialist Czechoslovak criminology","authors":"K. Líšková, Lucia Moravanská","doi":"10.1177/09526951211027724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211027724","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of 40 years of state socialism, the explanation that Czechoslovak criminologists gave for spousal murder changed significantly. Initially attributing offences to the perpetrator's class origins, remnants of his bourgeois way of life, and the lack of positive influence from the collective in the long 1950s, criminologists then refocused their attention solely on the individual's psychopathology during the period known as ‘Normalization’, which encompassed the last two decades of state socialism. Based on an analysis of archival sources, including scholarly journals and expert reports, and following Ian Hacking's insight that ‘kinds of people come into being’ through the realignment of systems of knowledge, this article shows how new kinds of spousal murderer emerged as a result of shifting criminological expertise. We explain the change as the result of the psychiatrization of criminology that occurred in Czechoslovakia at a time when the regime needed to consolidate after the upheavals of the Prague Spring of 1968. The criminological framing of spousal murder as belonging squarely in the individualized realm of the private sphere reflected the contemporaneous effort of the regime to enclose the private as a sphere of relative state non-interference.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"237 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42024318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the margins to the NICE guidelines: British clinical psychology and the development of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis, 1982–2002 从边缘到NICE指南：英国临床心理学和精神病认知行为疗法的发展，1982–2002

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211027738

D. Harper, Sebastian Townsend

{"title":"From the margins to the NICE guidelines: British clinical psychology and the development of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis, 1982–2002","authors":"D. Harper, Sebastian Townsend","doi":"10.1177/09526951211027738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211027738","url":null,"abstract":"Although histories of cognitive behaviour therapy have begun to appear, their use with people with psychosis diagnoses has received relatively little attention. In this article, we elucidate the conditions of possibility for the emergence of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis (CBTp) in England between 1982 and 2002. We present an analysis of policy documents, research publications and books, participant observation, and interviews with a group of leading researchers and senior policy actors. Informed by Derksen and Beaulieu’s articulation of social technologies, we show how CBTp was developed and stabilised through the work of a variety of overlapping informal, academic, clinical, professional, and policy networks. The profession of clinical psychology played a key role in this development, successfully challenging the traditional ‘division of labour’ where psychologists focused on ‘neurosis’ and left ‘psychosis’ to psychiatry. Following Abbott's systems approach to professions, we identify a number of historical factors that created a jurisdictional vulnerability for psychiatry while strengthening the jurisdictional legitimacy of clinical psychology in providing psychological therapies to service users with psychosis diagnoses. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence played a significant role in adjudicating jurisdictional legitimacy, and its 2002 schizophrenia guidelines, recommending the use of psychological therapies, marked a radical departure from the psychiatric consensus. Our analysis may be of wider interest in its focus on social technologies in a context of jurisdictional contestation. We discuss the implications of our study for the field of mental health and for the relationship between clinical psychology and psychiatry.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"260 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45212574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the ‘Darwin–Marx correspondence’: Multiple discovery and the rhetoric of priority 重温“达尔文-马克思通信”：多重发现与优先权修辞

IF 0.9 2区历史学

History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/09526951211019226

J. Barnes

{"title":"Revisiting the ‘Darwin–Marx correspondence’: Multiple discovery and the rhetoric of priority","authors":"J. Barnes","doi":"10.1177/09526951211019226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09526951211019226","url":null,"abstract":"Between the 1930s and the mid 1970s, it was commonly believed that in 1880 Karl Marx had proposed to dedicate to Charles Darwin a volume or translation of Capital but that Darwin had refused. The detail was often interpreted by scholars as having larger significance for the question of the relationship between Darwinian evolutionary biology and Marxist political economy. In 1973–4, two scholars working independently—Lewis Feuer, professor of sociology at Toronto, and Margaret Fay, a graduate student at Berkeley—determined simultaneously that the traditional story of the proposed dedication was untrue, being based on a long-standing misinterpretation of the relevant correspondence. Between the two, and among several other scholars who became their respective allies, there developed a contest of authority and priority over the discovery. From 1975 to 1982, the controversy generated a considerable volume of spilled ink in both scholarly and popular publications. Drawing on previously unexamined archival resources, this article revisits the ‘case’ of the so-called ‘Darwin–Marx correspondence’ as an instance of the phenomenon of ‘multiple discovery’. A familiar occurrence in the natural sciences, multiple discovery is rarer in the humanities and social sciences. The present case of a priority dispute in the history of ideas followed patterns familiar from such disputes in the natural sciences, while also diverging from them in ways that shed light on the significance of disciplinary norms and research infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":50403,"journal":{"name":"History of the Human Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"29 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45313527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0