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Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute最新文献

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Thermodynamics of the QCD Crossover at Finite Temperature and Zero Chemical Potential within the PNJL Model for a QGP with Two Light Quark Flavors 具有两种轻夸克口味的QCD有限温度零化学势下的PNJL模型交叉热力学
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335626600026
M. A. Lakehal, A. Ait El Djoudi
{"title":"Thermodynamics of the QCD Crossover at Finite Temperature and Zero Chemical Potential within the PNJL Model for a QGP with Two Light Quark Flavors","authors":"M. A. Lakehal,&nbsp;A. Ait El Djoudi","doi":"10.3103/S1068335626600026","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335626600026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We explore the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) deconfining phase transition, from hadronic matter to the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), using an approach where the confined hadronic phase is described at low-temperature, while the system near the deconfinement region is described by the Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. The two phases are connected through a switching function ensuring the continuity of the thermodynamic quantities and a smooth transition between the two regimes. The analysis focuses on the pressure and the squared speed of sound, as functions of temperature, at zero chemical potential. We test the influence of the pion mass in the hadronic phase, and we examine the effect of the Vandermonde (VdM) term, which is often added to the Polyakov effective potential to constrain the Polyakov loop within its physical domain. Our results show that the pion mass induces a moderate shift of the crossover region and improves agreement with lattice QCD data near the transition. Neglecting the VdM term does not significantly affect the thermodynamic quantities near the transition temperature. These findings provide new quantitative insights into how hadronic mass effects and Polyakov loop dynamics influence the QCD crossover region.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 7","pages":"290 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimation of the Energy of Extensive Air Showers Recorded at the Tien Shan High-Altitude Scientific Station 天山高海拔科学站大范围空气阵雨能量的估算
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335626600683
A. L. Shepetov, M. Yu. Azarkin, A. M. Anokhina, Ya. V. Verminskaya, L. I. Vildanova, V. I. Galkin, V. V. Zhukov, M. R. Kirakosyan, S. A. Mamina, O. V. Meshkov, M. A. Samoilov, V. A. Ryabov
{"title":"Estimation of the Energy of Extensive Air Showers Recorded at the Tien Shan High-Altitude Scientific Station","authors":"A. L. Shepetov,&nbsp;M. Yu. Azarkin,&nbsp;A. M. Anokhina,&nbsp;Ya. V. Verminskaya,&nbsp;L. I. Vildanova,&nbsp;V. I. Galkin,&nbsp;V. V. Zhukov,&nbsp;M. R. Kirakosyan,&nbsp;S. A. Mamina,&nbsp;O. V. Meshkov,&nbsp;M. A. Samoilov,&nbsp;V. A. Ryabov","doi":"10.3103/S1068335626600683","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335626600683","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We consider a method for determining the energy of a primary cosmic ray particle based on the analysis of the characteristics of extensive air showers registered at the Tiеn Shan High-Altitude Scientific Station of the Lebedev Physical Institute. The simulation procedure is described, and estimates of the accuracy of shower parameter reconstruction are presented. The energy threshold for shower registration is assessed. The dependence of the primary energy on the average shower size, obtained from processing events simulated for various zenith angles of the primary particle, is constructed.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 7","pages":"275 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
VLS Grating with a High Line Density 高线密度VLS光栅
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S106833562660083X
A. O. Kolesnikov, M. D. Logachev, E. N. Ragozin, A. N. Shatokhin, E. A. Vishnyakov, V. N. Mikhailov, V. P. Ratushnyi, R. V. Gainutdinov, A. L. Tolstikhina
{"title":"VLS Grating with a High Line Density","authors":"A. O. Kolesnikov,&nbsp;M. D. Logachev,&nbsp;E. N. Ragozin,&nbsp;A. N. Shatokhin,&nbsp;E. A. Vishnyakov,&nbsp;V. N. Mikhailov,&nbsp;V. P. Ratushnyi,&nbsp;R. V. Gainutdinov,&nbsp;A. L. Tolstikhina","doi":"10.3103/S106833562660083X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S106833562660083X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report the fabrication and measurement of spherical VLS gratings with a central line-density of 3200 mm<sup>–1</sup> and a radius of curvature of 23.55 m. The gratings were made by interference lithography at a wavelength of 488 nm of an Ar-ion laser. The optical lithographic configuration was calculated to produce the design interference fringe density distribution across the grating blank. The gratings are intended for a soft X-ray grazing-incidence spectrograph with a 4-cm long flat field spanning the 1–5 nm wavelength range. The resultant groove density distribution was measured in an autocollimation scheme at a wavelength of 532 nm to reveal excellent correspondence to the design distribution. The surface profile of the VLS gratings was measured with AFM technique and their 1st-order efficiency was simulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 2","pages":"S173 - S177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increasing Laser Field Localization by Focusing on a Toroidal Target 通过聚焦环面目标提高激光场定位
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335626600622
S. E. Perevalov, A. A. Soloviev
{"title":"Increasing Laser Field Localization by Focusing on a Toroidal Target","authors":"S. E. Perevalov,&nbsp;A. A. Soloviev","doi":"10.3103/S1068335626600622","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335626600622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conical targets enable refocusing of laser pulses when they cannot be initially precisely focused or when the focusing element cannot be placed close to the target. Flat-walled targets have been well studied, but optimization of their geometry to reduce energy losses remains a pressing issue. A hyperboloid geometry, which can be approximated experimentally by a toroidal target, appears promising for minimizing losses. A two-dimensional PIC simulation (the toroid is replaced by a pair of cylinders) shows that, when interacting with a toroidal target, the field amplitude increases multiple times as the exit aperture decreases. When the exit aperture diameter becomes smaller than the wavelength, the field does not pass through the target. The addition of a thin foil at the target exit results in an increase in the maximum energy of TNSA protons compared to the case of a foil without a toroidal target.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 2","pages":"S127 - S134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prospects for the Application of Metal Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Wound Infections under Ex Vivo Conditions 金属纳米颗粒在体外条件下治疗伤口感染中的应用前景
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335625604583
A. A. Nastulyavichus, E. R. Tolordava, I. N. Saraeva, S. N. Shelygina, E. V. Ulturgasheva, S. P. Babina, S. I. Kudryashov
{"title":"Prospects for the Application of Metal Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Wound Infections under Ex Vivo Conditions","authors":"A. A. Nastulyavichus,&nbsp;E. R. Tolordava,&nbsp;I. N. Saraeva,&nbsp;S. N. Shelygina,&nbsp;E. V. Ulturgasheva,&nbsp;S. P. Babina,&nbsp;S. I. Kudryashov","doi":"10.3103/S1068335625604583","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335625604583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report the synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles (NPs) by laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT). Their antibacterial activity is evaluated using an ex vivo porcine skin model contaminated with cultures of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Comprehensive analysis using spectroscopic techniques (FTIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microbiological assays demonstrates that nanoparticle treatment results in nearly complete bacterial eradication at optimal concentrations through damage of key cellular components, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. The results confirm the potential of LIFT-fabricated nanoparticles for the development of novel treatments for wound infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 2","pages":"S97 - S107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Effects in a Laser–Electron X-Ray Source 激光-电子x射线源非线性效应的数值模拟
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335626600294
I. A. Artyukov, A. V. Vinogradov, R. M. Feshchenko, V. I. Shvedunov
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Effects in a Laser–Electron X-Ray Source","authors":"I. A. Artyukov,&nbsp;A. V. Vinogradov,&nbsp;R. M. Feshchenko,&nbsp;V. I. Shvedunov","doi":"10.3103/S1068335626600294","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335626600294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate the interaction between laser and electron beams in a laser–electron source using a classical nonlinear model that enables calculation of the parameters of the generated X-ray or gamma-ray radiation, including total flux, spectral brilliance, and polarization. The X-ray spectral brilliance of the fundamental and higher harmonics is calculated as a function of photon energy, observation angle, and laser pulse energy for a set of probable electron-accelerator and laser-system parameters. Nonlinear effects are shown to cause significant spectral broadening of the fundamental harmonic, which can markedly reduce the spectral selectivity of the source and may require additional measures for spectral narrowing. On the other hand, the contribution of higher nonlinear harmonics to spectral degradation of the radiation is insignificant because of their low intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 2","pages":"S135 - S145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Raman Spectroscopy for the Differential Diagnosis of Human Embryo Genetic Status 人类胚胎遗传状态的拉曼光谱鉴别诊断
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335626600671
E. N. Rimskaya, A. V. Gorevoy, N. P. Makarova, A. S. Yakimova, E. Z. Valiakhmetova, E. A. Kalinina, S. I. Kudryashov
{"title":"Raman Spectroscopy for the Differential Diagnosis of Human Embryo Genetic Status","authors":"E. N. Rimskaya,&nbsp;A. V. Gorevoy,&nbsp;N. P. Makarova,&nbsp;A. S. Yakimova,&nbsp;E. Z. Valiakhmetova,&nbsp;E. A. Kalinina,&nbsp;S. I. Kudryashov","doi":"10.3103/S1068335626600671","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335626600671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Raman spectroscopic study of embryo spent culture medium (SCM) in a liquid state was conducted for the first time. It confirmed statistically significant spectral differences between media from euploid (without chromosomal abnormalities) and aneuploid (with chromosomal abnormalities) embryos. Distinct spectral variations were observed in regions associated with DNA/RNA, phospholipids, and Amide I (1420−1480, 1530−1580, and 1640−1690 cm<sup>–1</sup>), which may stem from the release of cellular content due to apoptosis typical of aneuploid embryos. A classification accuracy of 65% achieved on a test set of 60 embryos demonstrates the fundamental feasibility of this differentiation. However, further refinement of the SCM analysis method based on Raman spectroscopy is required before clinical implementation as an alternative to standard preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A).</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 2","pages":"S108 - S119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensor Properties of Nanostructured Palladium 纳米结构钯的传感器性能
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335625604352
A. A. Nastulyavichus, N. A. Smirnov, E. V. Ulturgasheva, S. P. Babina, D. A. Zayarnyi, E. V. Kuz’min, A. V. Simakin, S. I. Kudryashov
{"title":"Sensor Properties of Nanostructured Palladium","authors":"A. A. Nastulyavichus,&nbsp;N. A. Smirnov,&nbsp;E. V. Ulturgasheva,&nbsp;S. P. Babina,&nbsp;D. A. Zayarnyi,&nbsp;E. V. Kuz’min,&nbsp;A. V. Simakin,&nbsp;S. I. Kudryashov","doi":"10.3103/S1068335625604352","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335625604352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report the development of laser-based methods for fabricating resistive sensors based on nanostructured palladium. The research methodology includes two main approaches: laser-induced backward transfer of nanoparticles and the deposition of colloidal nanoparticles preproduced by laser ablation in distilled water. Samples with palladium films obtained using the above methods are compared. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and gas-sensing measurements are used to determine the influence of the deposition method on the uniformity of nanoparticle distribution, size characteristics, and hydrogen sensitivity. The obtained results are relevant for the development of new gas-sensing devices with improved performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 2","pages":"S178 - S184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Features of Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Porous Silicon Layers in an Aqueous Medium 水介质中飞秒激光烧蚀多孔硅层的特性
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335626600476
E. I. Mavreshko, A. A. Fronya, G. V. Tikhonovskii, M. S. Grigoryeva, I. N. Zavestovskaya
{"title":"Features of Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Porous Silicon Layers in an Aqueous Medium","authors":"E. I. Mavreshko,&nbsp;A. A. Fronya,&nbsp;G. V. Tikhonovskii,&nbsp;M. S. Grigoryeva,&nbsp;I. N. Zavestovskaya","doi":"10.3103/S1068335626600476","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335626600476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report an experimental investigation of the ablation thresholds of porous and single-crystal silicon in water and air under femtosecond laser irradiation (pulse energy, 1–10 μJ; wavelength, 1032 nm; pulse duration, 270 fs; pulse repetition rate, 100 kHz; and focal spot size, 50 μm). The presence of an aqueous medium decreases the laser ablation threshold. It is shown that the ablation threshold decreases with increasing sample porosity. The sample morphology is studied, revealing various surface modifications depending on the laser pulse energy and the surrounding medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 2","pages":"S146 - S152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative Study of Synthesized 10%Yb:YAG and 10%Yb:LuAG Ceramics 合成10%Yb:YAG和10%Yb:LuAG陶瓷的比较研究
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335626600749
K. V. Lopukhin, I. M. Tupitsyn, V. V. Balashov, S. M. Kozlova, A. L. Koromyslov, A. B. Kozlov, A. Yu. Kanaev, L. Yu. Zakharov, K. V. Prokhorchuk, E. A. Cheshev
{"title":"Comparative Study of Synthesized 10%Yb:YAG and 10%Yb:LuAG Ceramics","authors":"K. V. Lopukhin,&nbsp;I. M. Tupitsyn,&nbsp;V. V. Balashov,&nbsp;S. M. Kozlova,&nbsp;A. L. Koromyslov,&nbsp;A. B. Kozlov,&nbsp;A. Yu. Kanaev,&nbsp;L. Yu. Zakharov,&nbsp;K. V. Prokhorchuk,&nbsp;E. A. Cheshev","doi":"10.3103/S1068335626600749","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335626600749","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Development of efficient, high-power laser systems requires materials with high performance. One promising gain medium for high-power lasers operating near 1 μm is ytterbium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Yb:LuAG). We report the fabrication of laser ceramic samples with unique sintering additives: B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, and SiO<sub>2</sub>. For the first time, YAG and LuAG ceramics with 10% ytterbium doping (Yb<sup>3+</sup>), fabricated under identical conditions, are compared. Shrinkage curves are obtained for all samples; grain sizes, lattice parameters, and transmission spectra are measured; and comparative laser characteristics were investigated. Multimode lasing is achieved using an 800 μm thick disk active element under two-pass pump conditions. An output power of up to 23 W and slope efficiency of up to 43% are demonstrated for the Yb:YAG sample, while the output power of up to 16.9 W and slope efficiency of up to 39.7% are achieved for the Yb:LuAG sample in quasi-continuous-wave regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"53 2","pages":"S160 - S172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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