UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY最新文献

{"title":"Histopathological Evaluation of the Teratogenic Potential of Lixisenatide on the Cerebral Cortex of Developing Cheek Embryo","authors":"Amit Kumar Srivastava, Yogesh Yadav, Swati Yadav, Harshita Bhardwaj, Ashok Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i104063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i104063","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Chick embryos are commonly used in research to investigate the negative impacts of various drugs. One drug, lixisenatide, is superior to other GLP1 receptor antagonists for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the specific impact of lixisenatide on the developing cerebral cortex of the chick embryo remains unclear. Therefore, further research is necessary to fully understand the potential adverse effects of lixisenatide on brain development. \u0000Materials and Methods: It’s an experimental study done at the Department of Anatomy, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The study aimed to investigate the effects on specific parameter in two groups, a control group, and an experimental group. The expected mean ± SD of the parameter for the control and experimental groups were found to be 27±5.32 and 32±5.30, respectively, based on a literature survey and pilot study. To achieve appropriate sample size, G*Power software was used, with an alpha level of 5% and a power of 95.36%, which resulted in an effect size of 1.961 and a sample size of 28 for each group, leading to a total sample size of 280.The chick embryos first sacrificed then dissected, and the brain was separated and kept in a 10% formaldehyde solution. To identify histological characteristics of the cerebral cortex, the light and compound microscope were used for sections. \u0000Results: During the experiment, Lixisenatide induced necrotic changes and cellular condensation in chick embryo’s cerebral cortex, specifically in groups C, D, and E. Additionally, there was mild distortion found in the cortex indicating degenerative changes experimental group E. There was a statistically significant increase in histopathological changes observed in the cerebral cortex as the dose of Lixisenatide increased in each experimental group (p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Insufficient research has been conducted on the development of resistance to lixisenatide. Despite its widespread use, observations have revealed that lixisenatide has adverse effects on the cerebral cortex of chick embryos, including cellular condensation and necrotic changes and mild distortion found in the cortex indicating degenerative changes in experimental groups C, D & E. Therefore, it is imperative that the administration of this vital medication is carefully considered to prevent neuronal complications.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141044286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Women in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu: Treatment Approach and Perspectives","authors":"Julliyan Dilleban A, Narayanan Venkateshan, Anand Raj P, Andrews E, Anu Sahaya Supria K","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i104062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i104062","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a significant health burden, particularly among women worldwide. Understanding the prevalence and associated risk factors of UTIs is crucial for effective management and treatment. This research focuses on exploring the prevalence of UTIs in women in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, and identifying the microbial agents responsible for these infections.\u0000Aim: The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infections among women in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, and to investigate associated risk factors. Additionally, the research aims to evaluate the microbial agents causing UTIs in the region to inform the development of tailored and effective treatment strategies.\u0000Study Design: A Prospective Observational Study was conducted over a period of 6 months at the Outpatient and Obstetric and Gynaecological department of a Tertiary Healthcare Teaching hospital. Female patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of UTIs were recruited for participation in the study after providing informed consent.\u0000Methodology/Methods: Data collection encompassed various parameters including patient demographics, symptoms, urine culture results, prescribed antibiotics, and concurrent medications. A sample size of 480 participants was determined through an extensive review of literature. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the collected data.\u0000Results: Out of the 480 participants, 117 individuals tested positive for UTIs, indicating a prevalence rate of [24.4%]. The age group 15-24 exhibited the highest incidence of UTIs, with a mean age of 30. Educational and marital status was found to influence infection rates. Common symptoms included increased frequency of urination and painful urination. E.coli was identified as the primary pathogen responsible for UTIs. Cephalosporin antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed treatment modality.\u0000Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are prevalent among women in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, as evidenced by the findings of this study. The identification of associated risk factors and microbial agents provides valuable insights for clinical decision-making and the development of tailored treatment approaches. These findings underscore the importance of continued research in UTI management to address the global health burden posed by this infection.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":"82 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141045994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evan’s Syndrome Hemolytic Anemia with Thrombocytopenia in a Labrador Dog: A Case Report","authors":"Bhand Akshata Chandrakant, Ravi Mohan Shukla, Siddharth Chaudhary, Garima Rathore, Chand Tanwar, Syed A. Arif, Indu Yadav","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i73968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i73968","url":null,"abstract":"A seven-year-old Labrador retriever intact male dog was presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatanagar with a history of inappetance, melena, and petechial hemorrhages on the ventral abdomen and treated by a local veterinarian for a prolonged period of time. Clinical examination showed pale mucous membranes, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and mild hepatomegaly. A Complete blood count revealed anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia and serum biochemistry showed hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia. The dog was suspected of having a haemoprotozoan infection, and a thin peripheral blood smear was submitted to the Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatanagar, Bareilly, for examination. A blood smear was screened for haemoprotozoan examination using Giemsa’s stain, which showed positivity for Babesia vogeli. An abdominal ultrasound confirmed hepatic enlargement. The blood clotting profile reveals an increase in activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. The dog's blood sample tested negative for Babesia vogeli, B. gibsoni, E. canis, and H. canis by multiplex PCR; this could be because of prior initiation of antibiotics. A periheral blood smear showed elevated spherocytes count and saline agglutination test was positive. Based on history, clinical examinations, laboratory findings and cytological examinations the case was tentatively diagnosed as chronic case of tick fever with concomitant Evans syndrome. A blood transfusion was performed and around 300 ml of whole blood was infused. Treatment was initiated with triple antibiotic therapy and an immunosuppressive dose of steroids, but after 4 weeks, the dog succumbed to the condition. Further research is required to optimize treatment regimens for dogs with Evan's syndrome, as the prognosis is uncertain.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140215668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of a Commercial Food Fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) from Ghaghara River, Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Shivaji Kanoujiya, Devarshi Ranjan, Ashish Sahu, Durgesh Kumar Verma, Mayank Bhushan Singh, Sanjeev Kumar, Priyanka Verma","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63965","url":null,"abstract":"The present study provides first-hand information about the length-weight relation of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) from Ghaghara River, Uttar Pradesh. We collected 107 specimens and took length and weight for better conservation techniques and proper management for rohu. A total of 107 specimens were examined for the study, which has ranging from 25.2-56.13 cm TL (Total length) and 183.3-2409.78 gm (weight) were used for the study of LWRs and condition factors. Our study represented that L. rohita exhibited a negative allometric growth (b < 3) indicating that the fish grows faster in length compared to their weight. The values of the correlation coefficient (r2) and condition factor (K) are 0.8601 and 1.27 respectively. This research will be useful for fishery research, stock assessment, conservation, and estimation of the fish condition of this Himalayan River.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":"178 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Nigella sativa Linn Seed Using Zebrafish Model","authors":"S. Sudha, B. Chitra, S. A. Nisha","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63962","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally occurring materials that can serve as preservatives in foodstuffs are substances found in their composition. Nigella sativa Linn, a member of the Ranunculaceae family, is a widely recognized medicinal herb with global usage. For centuries, N. sativa L., seeds have been employed to address various ailments and health issues. In behavioral research, the bioactive compound derived from N. sativa L., namely Kaempferol 3-(2-galloyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside), has gained significant attention. The escalating prevalence of Alzheimer's disease among elderly individuals worldwide necessitates exploration beyond traditional mammalian and rodent models. This has led to the adoption of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a unique model organism in biomedical research, behavior analysis and human disorders. Experiments involving scopolamine-induced T-maze, escape, place preference and bite tests have strongly suggested that behavior in zebrafish is governed by conserved regulatory processes. The results of the behavior tests demonstrated that N. sativa L., enhances learning and memory, which was otherwise affected by scopolamine treatment. Notably, a thorough analysis of histoarchitecture revealed no adverse effects of Kaempferol 3-(2-galloyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside), which might be a promising therapeutic option for such a multi-factorial Alzheimer's disease.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Altitude's Influence: Contrasting Embryonic Development of Hyla annectans Jerdon in High and Low Altitude Environments","authors":"P. W. Shangpliang, Rupa Nylla K. Hooroo, Graham Bakynson Ranee, S. R. Hajong, Annu Kumari, Eugene Lyngkhoi","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i73967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i73967","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the embryonic development of Hyla annectans Jerdon, a frog species, at high and low altitude breeding sites of Meghalaya, North East India. Results revealed significant differences in the duration of embryonic development and hatching between the two altitudes. Embryos at low altitude sites exhibited a faster development, hatching approximately four days earlier than those at high altitude sites. Early embryonic stages displayed similar characteristics in size between the two sites, but distinct differences emerged during later stages, notably in stages associated with heart development, muscular response, and gill circulation. Furthermore, metamorphosis completion varied between altitudes, with a shorter duration observed at low altitude compared to high altitude. Environmental conditions, particularly water properties, also differed significantly between the two sites. Water temperature and free carbon dioxide levels were higher at low altitude, while pH and dissolved oxygen levels were higher at high altitude. These findings suggest a potential influence of altitudinal gradients as environmental factors on embryonic development in H. annectans.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Trio: Zinc, Copper, and Mercury's Effects on Earthworm Enzymes","authors":"Vaidya V. V., Jadhav S. S.","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63964","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of heavy metal exposure on earthworm enzyme activities, specifically lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), xanthine oxidase (XOD), lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), was investigated in Perionyx excavatus. In control earthworms, LDH activities were 0.120 µmoles/mg protein/hour in the skin, 0.087 µmoles/mg protein/hour in the ovary, 0.062 µmoles/mg protein/hour in the testis, and 0.096 µmoles/mg protein/hour in the intestine. Exposure to mercuric chloride, copper sulfate, and zinc sulfate resulted in significant decreases in LDH activities by 10% to 19.35%, 4.16% to 22.58%, and 5.74% to 15%, respectively. Similarly, SDH activities declined by 10% to 23% with mercuric chloride, 6.89% to 17.91% with copper sulfate, and 4.13% to 16.66% with zinc sulfate treatments. MDH activities also decreased dramatically across all organs, with statistically significant reductions. GDH activities showed varied responses, while XOD activities uniformly decreased. Lipid peroxidation increased significantly after heavy metal exposure. SOD activities increased with mercuric chloride and copper sulfate, while catalase activities decreased with all three treatments. GST activities were significantly reduced by all treatments, particularly by mercuric chloride and copper sulfate. These findings underscore the substantial impact of heavy metal exposure on earthworm enzyme activities, suggesting potential cellular stress and metabolic disturbances.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Fresh Water Fish Diversity of Mora Dhansiri River, Assam, India","authors":"Alo Saha, Shehenuwaz Ahmed, Rajdeep Das, Swarupa Bhattacharjee, Sudha Chandan Kashyap, Chinmoyee Bhattacharjee, Somoyita Sur","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63963","url":null,"abstract":"The Mora Dhansiri River, situated in Darrang District, Assam, India, harbors a diverse array of freshwater fish species, contributing significantly to the region's biodiversity. Through comprehensive sampling efforts, this study identified a total of 29 fish species across 05 orders and 12 families. Cypriniformes dominated the catch list with 17 species, followed by Perciformes with 04 species, Siluriformes with 05 species, Synbranchiformes with 02 species, and one species from Gobiiformes. The most abundant family was Cyprinidae, comprising 22 species, followed by Bagridae and Cobitidae with four species each. The study revealed prominent genera such as Labeo, Puntius, Mystus, and Channa, with multiple species representing each genus. Notably, the presence of exotic species such as Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix underscores the influence of adjacent private ponds on the river's fish diversity. Of the recorded species, 19 were deemed edible and suitable for aquarium trade, with three species also possessing medicinal value. Furthermore, the study assessed the conservation status of the fish species, revealing that 2.19% were endangered, 4.54% vulnerable, and 6.81% near-threatened, while 77.2% were categorized as least concern. Additionally, 2.27% of species were classified as data deficient, and 9.09% were not accessed. The presence of near-threatened species like Hypophthalmichthys molitrix highlights the conservation significance of the Mora Dhansiri River. However, anthropogenic pressures such as industrial effluents, pesticide use, overexploitation, and habitat destruction pose significant threats to the river's aquatic biodiversity. Urgent conservation measures are needed to safeguard these valuable resources and ensure their sustainable management for future generations.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of different Funnel Diameters in Light Traps against Major Phototactic Insect Pests of rabi Season","authors":"Rameshwar Patil, Amit Kumar Sharma, S. B. Das, Neeraj Kumar, Priyal Choudhary, Dhruv Kumar Patel","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63966","url":null,"abstract":"Light traps have been long used to reduce and manage insect populations. Although there are numerous types and designs of insect light traps. Four distinct light traps were employed for the study and positioned within the BSP Unit Adhartal, JNKVV Jabalpur from mid-November 2022 to mid-April 2023 for the study of the efficiency test of different funnel diameters of light traps based on performance. Comparative studies of light trap catches revealed that 50 cm funnel diameter light traps have given higher response in following species for Helicoverpa armigera (13.91%), Agrotis ipsilon (14.36%), Creatonotus gengis (13.97%), Gryllus bamaculatus (22.26%), Gryllotalpa orientalis (45.30%), Nezara viridula (9.82%), Amata cyssea (13.35%), Asota ficus (7.01%), Perina nuda (21.78%), and Thysanoplusia orichalcea (22.75%). There was a statistically significant increase in trap catches in the 50 cm funnel diameter light traps compared to the 40 cm funnel diameter traps. However, there was a statistically non-significant difference between the 40 cm and 50 cm funnel diameter traps for Spodoptera litura and Theretra oldenlandiae species, although the trap catches were numerically higher in the 50 cm funnel diameter traps because 50 cm funnel diameter provide large catchment area for insects.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Effects of Live and Nutrient-Enhanced Food on Growth Performance and Biochemical Composition of Blue Acara (Andinoacara pulcher)","authors":"Siva Santhiya R., Aiswarya M. V., Mary Mettilda Bai S., Vinoliya Josephine Mary J., Citarasu T., Uma G., Anusha J. R.","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i63959","url":null,"abstract":"Fish food and feeding play an important role in understanding the rate of growth, development and reproduction in ornamental fish culture.  The current study evaluated the impact of different types of food on the growth of Ornamental fish, Andinoacara pulcher. A comparative analysis of live, prepared, and commercial food was conducted in three feeding groups A, B and C, respectively. For live feed, Artemia larvae were cultured from Artemia seeds, and fed. The growth in terms of weight and body length was measured at 15-day intervals throughout the experimental period of 60 days. In addition, the protein, lipid, ash, and moisture composition of fish were estimated and analyzed.  From the results, the fish fed with live artemia feed attained maximum growth when compared to other prepared feed and commercial feed. The specific growth rate (SGR) was found to be maximum in group A (1.46%), followed by group B (1.15%) and group C (0.71%). There is a well-defined relationship between the rate of growth and the type of food consumed. The protein, carbohydrate, and fat content of fish revealed a higher biochemical composition. In conclusion, the growth and biochemical study in the present investigation indicated that the live feed contains good constituents of vital nutrient substances that promote the growth and protein content of ornamental fish, Blue Acara.","PeriodicalId":503810,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}