Qeios最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Using Efflux Pumps","authors":"Thualfakar Hayder Hasan Abusaiba","doi":"10.32388/aq4wlb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/aq4wlb","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance mediated by efflux pumps is a serious public health threat. Esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate (EMT) is a proton pump inhibitor with reported antimicrobial activity, but its effects against efflux-mediated resistance are unknown.\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of EMT alone and in combination with the efflux pump inhibitor reserpine against clinical isolates of _Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii_ and _Staphylococcus aureus_.\u0000\u0000METHODS: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were performed using the broth microdilution method on 15 non-duplicate clinical isolates and reference strains with/without EMT and reserpine.\u0000\u0000RESULTS: EMT demonstrated activity against all isolates, with MIC ranges of 4-32 μg/mL, 8-64 μg/mL and 2-16 μg/mL respectively. EMT MICs decreased 4-8-fold for 13/15 isolates when combined with reserpine, indicating EMT may inhibit efflux pumps. Similar reductions occurred for comparator antibiotics.\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that EMT possesses intrinsic antimicrobial activity against these pathogens and may function as both an efflux pump substrate and inhibitor. EMT warrants further investigation as a potential adjuvant antibiotic for overcoming efflux-mediated resistance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic Content Analysis Systems: Detecting Disinformation in Social Networks","authors":"Roman Romanchuk, Victoria Vysotska","doi":"10.32388/tyb6ze","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/tyb6ze","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, the rapid rise of disinformation and propaganda has become a significant global issue, undermining democratic processes and socio-political institutions. Disinformation, defined as intentionally false or misleading information, aims to manipulate public opinion and cause economic harm. This paper explores the use of computational linguistics and machine learning methods to detect disinformation. Techniques such as text preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification algorithms (e.g., SVM, naive Bayes) are adapted for identifying fake news. Recent studies demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods in social media and news platforms, highlighting the importance of advanced models like GPT-4 in improving detection accuracy and combating the spread of disinformation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Last Days of Linearity in Business Analytics: Useful Analysis Based on Programming Tools","authors":"Ihor Hurnyak, Hurniak Yaroslav","doi":"10.32388/q71143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/q71143","url":null,"abstract":"Modern tools, especially in the conditions of availability of computer calculations, no longer need simplification in the form of linearity in modeling business processes. Using the example of the interaction of strategies, Fama - French analysis, neural networks and other tools, the appropriateness of transforming the methodology in the direction of nonlinearity is shown. The method of simulating physical forces in economic processes is included in this analysis. A range of Python and R packages are used.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"22 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Factually Accurate is GPT-3? A Focused Case Study on Helping Malaysia’s B40s Through e-Commerce","authors":"N. A. Z. Abidin, K. K. Mohd Shariff, I. Yassin, A. Zabidi, A. Saadon, N. Tahir, Abdul Rahim Ridzuan, Megat Syahirul Amin Megat Ali","doi":"10.32388/g2gh34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/g2gh34","url":null,"abstract":"GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3) is an advanced natural language processing model utilizing unsupervised learning to generate sophisticated human-like text. GPT-3 has been lauded for its potential to revolutionize the field of natural language processing, with its capacity to generate a variety of text with a high degree of fluency and accuracy. We examine the ability of GPT-3’s to produce text related to a focused subject matter: alleviating poverty in Malaysia through e-Commerce. We especially examine GPT-3’s ability to produce factual responses within this narrow context. It was discovered that GPT-3 could produce plausible statements, albeit some of them being factually debatable or incorrect due to how its training data was sourced. We also discuss how GPT-3 could be used unscrupulously to either produce academic-sounding responses that appear to be a product of research, but possibly untrue or inaccurate and discuss its potential ramifications (such as propaganda and disinformation). We end the paper with some suggestions to the brilliant team at OpenAI to further improve GPT-3 for the advancement of humankind.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"112 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Outpatient Management of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Abuja Public Hospitals","authors":"Nkeiruka Grace Osuafor, C. Ukwe, Brian Onyebuchi Ogbonna","doi":"10.32388/6q6g8y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/6q6g8y","url":null,"abstract":"AIM. Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are among the reasons for most outpatient consultations. The study aimed to evaluate the reported experiences of patients being managed for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the outpatient clinics of Abuja public hospitals.\u0000\u0000METHOD. A prospective cross-sectional study of 787 systematically sampled patients receiving care in five public hospitals in Abuja was conducted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the number of yearly consultations, problems encountered in accessing trained health personnel, time spent on hospital appointments, major treatment challenges, and ways to improve their experience on hospital visits. Management experience was defined as good or poor. Patients who consulted at least four times in a year, reported no problems in accessing trained health personnel, and had no treatment challenges were regarded as having a good management experience. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to summarize the data. Logistic regression was used to predict and classify the binary outcomes. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.\u0000\u0000RESULTS. More of the patients (66.2%) had up to four consultations in a year. Long waiting time (56.1%) was the common problem encountered when accessing trained medical personnel. The major treatment challenge was hospital waiting time (49.4%). The mean time spent in the hospital on appointment days was 5.04±1.80. Approximately 40% of the patients suggested proper scheduling of hospital appointments as the major way to improve treatment experiences. Poor management was recorded by 96.6% of the patients. Logistic regression showed that a higher educational level (OR = 0.031, 95% CI [0.008-0.119], _P=_0.001) was associated with reporting poor management.\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION. The average number of yearly consultations was below the minimum standard, and patients spent long hours on consultation days before meeting with healthcare personnel. Most patients were dissatisfied with the services received and rated them poor.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"114 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature Selection and Classification of Type II Diabetes on High Dimensional Dataset","authors":"Priya Vinoth","doi":"10.32388/v4izct","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/v4izct","url":null,"abstract":"Information mining is a methodology of bringing huge models utilizing recorded information. It is normally utilized in different real applications to be express web records, double dealing distinctive confirmation talk attestation, human organizations, and so forth. Reenacted insight includes are utilized in information mining to imagine the future occasion subject to the models conveyed utilizing solid information. All the highlights got during information assortment may not be altogether important to the objective class of the model. Highlight choice is a system which picks the best subset of highlights in dataset to upgrade the demonstration of an information mining or AI estimation. As of now, observational assessment is driven on Naïve Bayesian classifier utilizing Pima Indian Type II Diabetes dataset with all the highlights what's more the subset of the highlights picked by predefined python libraries. The presentation of Naïve Bayesian classifier is assessed on all of things to come subset of the dataset to consider the effect of the high dimensionality on the presentation of Naïve Bayes Classifier.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"123 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Aspects of Maxwell’s Equations, Klein-Gordon Equations, and Heat and Mass Transfer Equations in an n-Dimensional Maximally Symmetric Space-Time from the Classical and Quantum Mechanical Standpoints","authors":"H. Parthasarathy","doi":"10.32388/jxial3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/jxial3","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript examines Maxwell’s equations, Klein-Gordon equations, and heat and mass transfer equations in n-dimensional maximally symmetric space-time. It investigates these equations in spherical and hyperbolic spaces embedded in higher-dimensional Euclidean and Minkowski spaces. The study focuses on the implications of these geometries and symmetries on the behaviour of the equations, highlighting how specific transformations and parametrizations impact their solutions. The findings reveal the underlying connections between geometric symmetries and physical laws, providing insights into their possible applications in theoretical physics. We touch upon both classical and quantum mechanical aspects of density and velocity evolutions with time in the universe. Quantum mechanical aspects of single and two-particle state evolution and statistical moments of the matter four-current are derived from the quantum Boltzmann equation and Feynman’s path integral method for fields applied to gravity interacting with electrons and positrons.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"123 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 21st Century MONADOLOGY or Principles of Philosophy","authors":"Jonathan Edwards","doi":"10.32388/8rdkgi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/8rdkgi","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a recasting and tribute to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s 1714 text, known as the Monadology_,_ on its 300th anniversary (first released in 2014 with some revisions in 2024), analysing it from a 21st century philosophical and scientific perspective. Leibniz’s monads are reinterpreted as indivisible dynamic modes of action as described by modern physics. His key insights regarding the relational and perspectival nature of reality, and the distinction between the telic causation of indivisible entities vs the efficient causation of aggregates, are highlighted as prescient of quantum physics and the correspondence principle. The practical biological application of his ideas requires updating, but even there, he shows some remarkably forward-looking thoughts. The traditional concept of an immortal human soul is replaced by an audience of ephemeral cellular “listeners” that apperceive the living story of a person. Leibniz’s principles are seen to contain powerful and still relevant insights into the nature of physical reality, human knowledge and ethics, meriting further exploration in light of contemporary science. In summary, while specific aspects of Leibniz’s synthesis require updating, his core logical principles and global vision retain surprising relevance and potential for reframing our understanding.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"24 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of: \"nanostructural and analysis capabilities of both technologies in a single platform\"","authors":"Serena Amelia","doi":"10.32388/fcvw9f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/fcvw9f","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p/>","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Berchemia zeyheri — A Swazi Medicinal Plant","authors":"Manoharan Karuppiah Pillai","doi":"10.32388/pextmk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/pextmk","url":null,"abstract":"_Berchemia zeyheri_ belongs to the Rhamnaceae family_. B. zeyheri_ has been used in the traditional medicine to treat various ailments, which include backache, cough, diarrhea, dysentery, headache, rectal ulcers, gastrointestinal issues and vomiting. The objectives of the present study were to analyze phytochemical constituents, to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to determine IC50 values of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol crude extracts obtained separately from the leaves and stem-bark of _B. zeyheri. _Qualitative of phytochemical analysis was performed by using established methods and procedures. Various solvent extracts were obtained by means of maceration and hot solvent extraction techniques. The assessment of antioxidant activity and the determination of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were achieved by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins and phlobatannins were identified in these extracts. In the DPPH assay, the positive control (ascorbic acid) showed a radical scavenging activity of 87.84±0.01 at a concentration of 3000 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate extracts obtained from leaves and stem-bark exhibited highest radical scavenging activity of 67.91±0.01% and 70.22±0.01%, respectively at a concentration of 3000 µg/mL, whilst hexane extracts obtained from leaves and stem-bark showed least radical scavenging activity of 48.88±0.04 % and 49.19±0.01%, respectively at the same concentration. The IC50 value of ascorbic was found to be < 200 µg/mL in the DPPH assay. On the other hand, the methanol and hexane extracts obtained from leaves showed IC50 values of 1513.30 and 2759.00 µg/mL µg/mL, respectively which were the lowest and highest IC50 values among the extracts from leaves. Similarly, the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts obtained from stem-bark showed IC50 values of extracts 1228.59 and 2647.28 µg/mL, respectively which were the lowest and highest IC50 values among the extracts from stem-bark. From this study, we conclude that various extracts obtained from the leaves of stem-bark of _B. zeyheri_ possessed various classes of phytochemicals and these extracts showed a weak to moderate radical scavenging activity. Further studies on this plant are required to explore its therapeutic applications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503632,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}