International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems最新文献

{"title":"Interpretable analysis of transformer winding vibration characteristics: SHAP and multi-classification feature optimization","authors":"Yongteng Sun,&nbsp;Hongzhong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current research on vibration-based winding looseness struggles to clearly determine the contribution of individual features to the model. This paper proposes using the distribution of the harmonic-to-fundamental frequency ratio as a feature for a 110 kV transformer and introduces the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to analyze feature contributions. However, since SHAP tends to overlook the recall of certain states in multi-classification problems, a feature subset optimization scheme is proposed. After conducting cross-validation with multiple classifiers and analyzing the impact of combined features, SHAP analysis is performed on the constructed features to generate a key feature union set. Once thresholds for overall accuracy and sub-state recall are set, features are sequentially removed from the union set while their compliance with the predefined thresholds is evaluated, thereby determining their retention. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 99.73 % accuracy in identifying winding looseness states, improving by 0.03 % compared to SHAP, while enhancing the recall of the severe fault state A3 by 0.26 %. Overall, the proposed method effectively balances accuracy and key state recall, offering a new perspective on feature analysis in fault diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110585"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency security constrained generation mix optimization with multiple heterogeneous resources","authors":"Dawei Chen ,&nbsp;Yunfeng Wen ,&nbsp;Fang Liu ,&nbsp;Guangzeng You ,&nbsp;Xiaodi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing penetration of converter-interfaced generation has introduced significant frequency security challenges to modern power systems. From a generation portfolio perspective, this paper proposes a novel frequency security constrained generation mix optimization approach, which simultaneously considers the allocation and frequency support of multiple heterogeneous resources (i.e., synchronous generators, renewable energy units, and HVDC links). A linearized reformulation method combined with a high-accuracy bound tightening technique is developed to effectively transform the nonlinear frequency nadir constraint with multiple heterogeneous resources. An efficient adaptive piecewise linearization method for the frequency nadir is proposed to further reduce the number of frequency constraints. The case studies on the HRP-38 system and a practical power grid in China demonstrate that the proposed adaptive piecewise linearization method significantly reduces the computation time compared with the existing method, with an average improvement rate of 65.32% in various operation scenarios. The proposed generation mix model with emergency frequency control of HVDC can significantly reduce the investment cost of resources and capacity requirements of VSM by 81.6% and 222.2%, while ensuring frequency security. The bound tightening technique ensures much higher accuracy of the proposed linearized reformulation method while its solving time is 1/ 5.63 of the base method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110593"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling, simulation and measurement of converter transformer winding multi-frequency vibration Based on electromagnetic structure coupling","authors":"Peiyu Jiang,&nbsp;Fanghui Yin,&nbsp;Liming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The converter transformer is the key equipment of the UHV DC transmission system, assuming the function of AC/DC conversion. The electromagnetic environment and structural deformation of the converter transformer windings mutually interact under high current condition, leading to frequent winding structural deformations and potential loosening faults. Current vibration numerical models and characteristic studies fail to fully capture the coupling effects, leaving the multi-frequency harmonic vibrations in the transformer tank response unexplained. Therefore, this paper integrates electromagnetic-vibration theory with structural mechanics to establish a nonlinear coupled vibration model for the transformer winding. The model is used to calculate the multi-frequency harmonic components present in the steady-state vibration response. Detailed structural vibration simulations of the winding were then performed, analyzing the time–frequency distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic-vibration interaction. Based on a ± 800 kV full-scale converter transformer load test platform, a multi-channel vibration measurement system was utilized to measure the coupling vibration response of the transformer enclosure under various current conditions. The results from both simulations and experiments were compared, validating the accuracy of the theoretical model. The relationship between the winding vibration harmonic amplitudes and the current was identified, with significant harmonics observed at 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz, and 250 Hz. These findings advance the electromagnetic-structural coupling vibration theory and have potential applications in diagnosing mechanical faults like winding loosening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110587"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary game-theoretical approaches for long-term strategic bidding among diverse stakeholders in large-scale and local power markets: Basic concept, modelling review, and future vision","authors":"Lefeng Cheng,&nbsp;Pengrong Huang,&nbsp;Tao Zou,&nbsp;Mengya Zhang,&nbsp;Pan Peng,&nbsp;Wentian Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110589","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Evolutionary game theory (EGT) has unique advantages in analyzing the spontaneous formation of social habits, norms, institutions or systems and their influencing factors. In the electricity bidding market, power generation companies and grid enterprises encounter increasingly complex multi-subject optimization decision-making challenges that cannot be comprehensively handled by conventional optimization methods due to their reliance on centralized objectives, perfect information, and fully rational participants. This survey focuses on long-term strategic bidding strategies, which involve sustained decision-making processes over extended periods to optimize cumulative profits and market positions. Moreover, classical game models assume complete rationality, thus failing to capture the iterative and adaptive decision-making behaviors prevalent in modern power markets. However, the long-term market bidding process involving groups of generators in the power generation-side market (PGM) under asymmetric information conditions is a complex process of long-term dynamic evolution. To contextualize these complexities, we incorporate a comparative survey illustrating the main methods, assumptions, and knowledge gaps in existing research, ensuring a clear understanding of why evolutionary game-theoretic approaches can more thoroughly capture the dynamic, bounded-rational nature of bidding. This paper reviews in detail the research on the application of EGT to multi-group bidding games in PGMs. First, the basic structure and development history of EGT are briefly introduced, and the essential differences between EGT and classical game theory (CGT) in terms of modeling are compared from several aspects, based on which several core concepts of EGT are further elaborated. Then, the relevant theories of electricity market (EM) are described, especially for the PGM, the definition and characteristics of EM are described, and the typical PGM transaction model and market bidding mechanism are summarized. Following that, this paper reviews and analyzes the current status of research on bidding strategies in PGMs from four aspects, including cost analysis of generators, electricity price forecasting, bidding behavior, and bidding decision support systems. On this basis, this paper reviews the research on the application of game theory, especially EGT, to long-term strategic bidding in PGM. In this paper, we also present a comparative case study between CGT and EGT to demonstrate how EGT better accounts for bounded rationality and dynamic strategy adaptation. Through our comparative case study, we show that EGT more accurately reflects real-world complexities, producing more robust and adaptive bidding outcomes than CGT. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary and outlook, aiming to provide new insights and practical guidance for power producers to formulate effective long-term bidding strategies in actual electricity market scenarios. Overall, our wor","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110589"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stage energy management framework for residential communities using aggregated flexible energy resources in planned power outages","authors":"Youjun Deng ,&nbsp;Fengji Luo ,&nbsp;Yunfei Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern residential communities in urban systems can benefit from energy storage devices and smart control technologies to implement self-energy supply and energy efficient load management. In this paper, a multi-stage energy management framework is proposed for smart residential communities to enhance the energy resilience in planned power outage events. The framework aggregates load shifting flexibility of the households and energy storage capability of the plug-in Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a community into virtual flexible energy resources (VFERs). It then optimizes the operation of the VFERs subjected to the ex-ante announced start and end time of the planned outage. The optimized operation plans of the VFERs are then mapped to individual controllable appliances in each household and individual EVs to determine their operation schedules via energy allocation and home energy management schemes. Numerical simulation shows compared with the methods in the literature, the proposed framework is computational efficient and highly scalable, and it can effectively minimize the disturbance of planned power outages to communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110584"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adjustable resolution modeling and layered hybrid decoupling method for renewable energy power systems","authors":"Qiguo Wang,&nbsp;Jin Xu,&nbsp;Keyou Wang,&nbsp;Guojie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of renewable energy has expanded the time scale range of power systems, making the stability dynamics more complex. Analyzing stability issues across different time scales using a globally detailed model by adding more computational resources is a high-cost approach with low resource efficiency. Although existing hybrid simulation methods take into account the multi-time-scale characteristics of the system, the differences in algorithm frameworks among various types of simulation programs lead to a lack of flexibility in modeling and simulation. To address this problem, this paper proposes an adjustable resolution modeling and layered hybrid decoupling method for renewable energy power systems. The adjustable resolution models can control the level of detail in equipment modeling and flexibly adjust the model resolution of different regions according to research requirements. The layered hybrid decoupling method is suitable for regional power grids and renewable energy stations with different topological connection characteristics, which can further enhance the simulation flexibility of complex power systems combined with adjustable resolution models. In the case study, simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the solving efficiency of renewable energy power systems while ensuring reasonable accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110586"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting electricity supply and demand curves with functional data techniques","authors":"Zehang Li ,&nbsp;Andrés M. Alonso ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pascual","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The profitability of electricity companies in Europe, especially in Spain, has been declining due to the poor performance of liberalized activities (generation and commercialization). This decline is caused by reduced demand, decreased investment, and asset value loss from the economy’s decarbonization. In this context, precise forecasts of hourly supply and demand curves, as well as hourly prices in the wholesale electricity market, are crucial for optimizing energy buying and selling strategies.</div><div>This work focuses on the daily Spanish spot market, where energy is traded for the 24 h of the following day. This market is crucial as it accounts for the highest volume of energy traded, contributing the most to the final electricity price (88.7% in 2023, according to the Spanish System Operator). Optimizing strategies in this market can significantly improve participants’ economic outcomes.</div><div>Despite extensive study, there is still room for improvement. This paper proposes predicting hourly supply and demand curves and the matching price and matching energy for the following day using various functional analysis techniques. It combines functional analysis and machine learning techniques, incorporates seasonal and regular lags due to the strong dependency found between consecutive hours, and includes meteorological information from eight variables across Spanish provinces. Additionally, we do not assume smooth curves, leading to more realistic predictions. Finally, predictions are adjusted with the closest training set curve. The extensive backtesting results highlight the importance of considering all these aspects to reduce prediction errors for curves and hourly prices and energies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investment decisions in a liberalised energy market with generation and hydrogen-based vector coupling storage in Integrated Energy System: A game-theoretic model-based approach","authors":"Akhil Joseph ,&nbsp;Adib Allahham ,&nbsp;Sara Louise Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meeting carbon reduction targets and enhancing energy supply flexibility necessitate the integration of natural gas and electricity networks, coupled with increased adoption of renewable energy. Bidirectional hydrogen-based Vector-Coupling Storage (VCS) offers a promising avenue for efficiently utilising surplus power from renewables, linking hydrogen as an energy carrier and storage with the Integrated Energy System (IES). This paper introduces a game-theoretic planning model for IES, encompassing natural gas, electricity, and independent VCS participants in a liberalised market. A game-theoretic model for capacity investment under an oligopolistic market structure in the liberalised energy market context is developed to capture the strategic behaviour of market participants. An annual investment model and an hourly operation simulation model are used to evaluate the value of hydrogen production, coupling components, and vector coupling storage in long-term investment decisions. The model, applied to the North of Tyne region in the UK, employs a scaled-down Future Energy Scenario dataset, reflecting a regional trajectory towards a net-zero emission target by 2050. Simulation results highlight market liberalisation’s crucial role in attracting investments in renewable energy and hydrogen systems. Conversion efficiencies of electrolysers and fuel cells emerge as key profitability determinants, emphasising the significance of achieving at least 50% round trip efficiency for profitable vector coupling storage. The findings quantify the advantages of large-scale VCS investments over Li-ion battery storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110518"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-adaptive modified backward forward sweep method: Application to dynamic flow direction changes","authors":"Seyed-Mohammad Razavi ,&nbsp;S.Sina Sebtahmadi ,&nbsp;Hamid-Reza Momeni ,&nbsp;Mahmoud-Reza Haghifam ,&nbsp;Miadreza Shafie-khah ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Siano","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, distribution networks with the presence of new technologies have faced a significant evolving dynamic that challenges the use of traditional power flow calculations specifically backward-forward sweep (BFS). One of the most important effects of this evolving dynamics of distribution networks is related to the increase in the dynamic flow direction changes of the branches. In other words, there is a considerable gap between the practical application of BFS and its basic characteristics, which makes it impossible for practical application because BFS is not compatible with dynamic flow direction changes. Since BFS does not have complex mathematical and modeling concepts, bridging this gap is a meaningful necessity. Hence based on graph theory and the deep node concept, a self-adaptive modified backward-forward sweep (SAMBFS) is proposed so that BFS will be a practical application method for distribution networks. Finally, the application of SAMBFS for dynamic topology changes, P2P trade, several substations, and harmonic calculations as various concepts of the evolving dynamics of distribution networks are investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing scenario generation in large-scale clean energy bases via enhanced hyperparameter optimization techniques","authors":"Bo Wu ,&nbsp;Xiuli Wang ,&nbsp;Bangyan Wang ,&nbsp;Shixiong Qi ,&nbsp;Wenduo Sun ,&nbsp;Qihang Huang ,&nbsp;Xiang Ma ,&nbsp;Yaohong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid expansion of large-scale clean energy bases in major energy-producing countries, high-quality scenario generation has become essential for effective energy management and intelligent scheduling. This study introduces a hyperparameter optimization method for a Least Squares Generative Adversarial Network (LSGAN) based on the PID-based Search Algorithm with Joint Opposite Selection (PSA-JOS), driven by a multi-layer fully connected perceptron. The optimization objective is defined as the Wasserstein distance between the original and generated scenarios. The PSA-JOS algorithm, developed through structural advancements in the original PSA framework, demonstrates superior performance, as validated through benchmark function tests. The average second-order Wasserstein distance serves as a quantitative metric to assess the distributional discrepancy between the original and generated scenarios, effectively reflecting the generation quality. Following hyperparameter optimization, the LSGAN exhibits enhanced performance in generating one-day scenarios for wind power, direct normal irradiation (DNI), and load power, achieving a substantial reduction in the average Wasserstein distance over multiple iterations. The optimized generative adversarial network not only provides reliable data support but also enhances decision-making capabilities for the future expansion and intelligent scheduling of clean energy bases. This study offers new insights into complex energy system modeling using generative adversarial networks and presents an effective approach for capturing multivariate temporal variations and generating realistic energy scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 110563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}