International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems最新文献

{"title":"Research on primary frequency regulation and VSC-HVDC frequency synchronization control coordination method for large-scale hydropower DC export regional grid","authors":"Hongchun Shu ,&nbsp;Huaibin Gao ,&nbsp;Zongxue Shao ,&nbsp;Yongzan Cui ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In asynchronous grid connection mode, the rotational inertia of the partitioned synchronized grid decreases, leading to prominent frequency stability issues. A bi-level optimization design method is proposed based on VSC-HVDC frequency synchronization control (VSC-FSC) and coordinated control of primary frequency regulation in hydropower. Additionally, to mitigate power counter-regulation caused by the water-hammer effect, an auxiliary control responsive to the water-hammer effect is introduced into the VSC-FSC. Firstly, the characteristics of VSC-FSC and primary frequency regulation of the power grid are analyzed. Then, based on the characteristics of VSC-FSC and its coordination with primary frequency regulation in hydropower, a bi-level optimization model for control parameters is constructed. An evolutionary algorithm is used to solve the optimal parameters hierarchically progressively. Finally, a simplified test system for the Luxi back-to-back HVDC and an improved 7-generator 36-node DC asynchronous extensive power grid system based on the IEEE standard model were developed in real-time digital simulation (RTDS) to validate the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated control method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on frequency modulation of thermal power units combined with compressed air energy storage based on model predictive control","authors":"You Lv ,&nbsp;Hao Sun ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Yijun Shi ,&nbsp;Fang Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst China’s pursuit of carbon peaking and neutrality targets, there is a pressing need to establish a novel power system that primarily relies on renewable energy sources (RES). To tackle the challenges this transition poses to the existing power grid, it is imperative to fortify the power system’s frequency modulation capabilities, which in turn calls for the exploration of diverse energy storage solutions. This research introduces, simulates, and evaluates an innovative charge–discharge control methodology designed to augment the frequency modulation capabilities of the thermal power unit (TPU) through the integration of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. Firstly, by considering the dynamic characteristics and operational mechanism, fundamental transfer function models for TPU and the CAES system are established; based these models, the frequency modulation model of a two-area power grid incorporating TPU and CAES is presented. Subsequently, a power adaptive allocation strategy is formulated with nonlinear signal decomposition techniques, enabling adaptive power distribution between TPUs and CAES. Furthermore, a control strategy utilizing model predictive control (MPC) is proposed, taking into account the state of charge (SOC) of CAES, to refine the energy charge and discharge process. The effectiveness is tested under two scenarios: step disturbance and continuous disturbance. Compared to TPU-only frequency modulation, the presented strategy achieves remarkable outcomes: a 21.9 % reduction in maximum frequency deviation following step disturbances, a 52.2 % decrease in steady-state frequency deviation, and a 37.5 % mitigation of TPU output power fluctuations under continuous disturbances. The results underscore the significant potential of the proposed strategy in alleviating the frequency modulation burden on TPUs, thereby contributing to their secure and stable operation within the evolving power system landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110646"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of series compensation devices on secondary cables in case of single-phase short-circuit fault","authors":"Hongbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongshun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Luyao Liu ,&nbsp;Ali Mohammed Ali Abdo ,&nbsp;Dongxin He ,&nbsp;Qingquan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The installation of a Series Compensation Device (SCD) results in the series capacitive reactance offsetting a portion of the line inductive reactance. In the event of a single-phase short-circuit fault in a system equipped with an SCD, the potential for significant increases in fault current to ground exists if the SCD is unable to respond in a timely manner. This could lead to more severe safety concerns for both the equipment and personnel within the station. In order to clarify the influence of SCD on the secondary cable of the substation, this paper calculated the distributed capacitance and inductance of the secondary cable using the theory of multi-conductor transmission lines. A multi-conductor transmission line model of the secondary cable was established. Additionally, a grounding grid model that accounts for the mutual inductance between the primary grounding grid and the secondary as well as other point grounding grids was constructed. Subsequently, the oscillation frequency of the low-frequency component of the series compensation was derived using the Laplace method. Finally, the impact of varying degrees of series compensation on the interference of secondary cables is investigated by examining the alterations in fault currents and their induced ground potential rise following the installation of SCD. The above research provides a theoretical basis and analytical foundation for preventing SCD interference to substation secondary cables and proposing suppression measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110650"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ai-powered digital twin in the industrial IoT","authors":"Željko Bolbotinović ,&nbsp;Saša D. Milić ,&nbsp;Žarko Janda ,&nbsp;Dragan Vukmirović","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid emergence of the smart industry hides numerous challenges that need to be addressed promptly. In the transition between two industrial eras (Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0), hands-on applications of digital twins in intelligent manufacturing are pivotal in enhancing efficiency, optimizing operations, and ensuring sustainability. The paper presents the digital twin (DT) concept in a vertical Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) framework powered by machine learning (ML) models for time series forecasting. According to DT needs and hierarchical data processing, as well as edge, fog, and cloud computing, the paper presents state-of-the-art ML models and algorithms. Real-time and low-latency requirements of smart edge devices and monitoring systems force the selection of DT models powered by ML models for time series processing and forecasting. Stronger computer resources characterize the IIoT fog level. At this level, DT models should be supported by techniques and methods for parameter selection, correlation analysis, and heatmap visualization that facilitates time series processing. Special attention is devoted to developing a novel multivariate-time-series prediction method. This method should enable parameter prediction which cannot be directly measured. The method was validated based on several real-time series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110656"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid-connection damping strategy for grid-forming VSG based on angular frequency lead-lag feedforward compensation","authors":"Rongliang Shi ,&nbsp;Chuanfeng Liang ,&nbsp;Junhui Li ,&nbsp;Zhixian Zhong ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary frequency modulation coefficient of the grid-forming virtual synchronous generator (GFVSG) is coupled with the virtual damping coefficient, which leads to the problem that it is difficult to take into account both the dynamic oscillation and the steady-state deviation of the grid-connected active power (GCAP). To address this issue, an improved GFVSG grid-connected damping strategy based on angular frequency lead-lag feedforward compensation is proposed in this paper. This strategy introduces the angular frequency lead-lag feedforward compensation link into the GCAP closed-loop control loop of GFVSG, and improves both the GCAP dynamic and steady state response performances of GFVSG through reasonable adjustment of the lead-lag compensation parameters. Finally, according to the comparison results of simulation and experimental tests, it can be seen that the proposed grid-connected damping strategy can effectively solve the GCAP dynamic oscillation and steady-state deviation problems existing in GFVSG under the step disturbances of active power command and grid frequency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110652"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-stage distributionally robust CVaR-constrained framework and its approximations for self-scheduling microgrid","authors":"Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinbao Jian ,&nbsp;Linfeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a two-stage distributionally robust conditional value-at-risk constrained (TS-DR-CVaR) framework and its computable approximations for the economic self-scheduling of microgrid problems considering the uncertainty of renewable energy sources and direct load control operation at different time-scales. The main challenges in solving the TS-DR-CVaR model are two-stage decision and Kullback-Leibler distributional robust output of renewable energy considering conditional value-at-risk. To overcome these challenges, first, the distributionally robust constraint of renewable energy output is computably reformulated by utilizing Jensen’s inequality and Taylor approximation theory. And then the two-stage model is reformulated as a single-stage mixed-integer linear program problem by utilizing dual-relax and McCormick relaxation methods. Finally, by controlling the risk value and confidence in the approximate TS-DR-CVaR model, the consumption of renewable energy sources can be improved, and the economic operation and security scheduling of the microgrid can be realized. Simulation results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed approximate TS-DR-CVaR models. This framework provides a comprehensive solution to address the uncertainty of renewable energy sources in microgrids and enables both economical and robust scheduling schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Security region mathematical modeling and analysis of renewable energy synchronous stability control and static voltage support","authors":"Xiang Tao ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianbo Xin ,&nbsp;Zaide Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With large scale of renewable energy connected to power grid, its control for synchronous stability and static voltage support is important for the stable operation of power system. However, existing studies analyses the above two issues independently from the perspective of active power and reactive power regulation. It has not formed a set of security region analysis method and online monitoring technique comprehensively considering the line active and reactive power transmission constraint, and the renewable energy modulation constraint. This paper carries out related study. It firstly reviews the main conclusions on the renewable energy synchronous stability control and static voltage support. Then it derives the mathematical expression of renewable energy static grid-connected control boundaries, including the work point trajectory, the renewable energy modulation limit, etc. Based on this, the security region of renewable energy control is derived under different power grid conditions and different control modes, and the formulas for calculating the maximum power point, maximum current, etc. are given. The analysis conclusion would provide an important theoretical basis for the design of renewable energy stable control and online monitoring software.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110626"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel principle of frequency characteristics-based current differential protection for outgoing lines of wind farms","authors":"Bingran Wang,&nbsp;Zengping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of renewable energy sources, conventional power frequency-based protection schemes face performance decrease problems. Studying the transient characteristics of faults is crucial for increasing the protection performance for outgoing lines of wind farms. In this paper, the transient dominant frequency component of the fault differential current in the outgoing line is quantitatively analyzed based on the lumped parameter line equivalent method and the frequency impedance of the wind farm. At the initial stage of fault transient, a novel principle of current differential protection within a 5 ms fault window is proposed using the composition difference between the dominant frequency component and power frequency component in external and internal faults. Afterwards, based on the time–frequency analysis method of wavelet transform, the power frequency component and the transient dominant frequency component are calculated and considered as the action and braking energies, respectively. The composition of the frequency band for energy calculation is then optimized based on the characteristics of the wind farm outgoing line. This allows to significantly improve the sensitivity and reliability of the protection. Finally, the proposed scheme is evaluated through PSCAD simulation and dynamic experiment. The results of the dynamic experiment, which relies on physical models, demonstrated the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the high performance of the proposed protection scheme. The experiment results show that the proposed protection scheme, which is not affected by the CT saturation and requires sampling frequency of only 10 kHz, can identify internal faults in 6–7 ms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110645"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast computation of electro-thermal coupling field of ± 400 kV converter transformer valve side bushing based on proper orthogonal decomposition method","authors":"Zhilin Chu ,&nbsp;Qingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Huidong Tian ,&nbsp;Siyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijie Gao ,&nbsp;Songbo Tian ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Zongren Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The digital twin technology plays a crucial role in enabling the intelligent operation and maintenance of power equipment, as well as facilitating the digital transformation of the power industry. High voltage (HV) converter transformer valve side bushing is a critical equipment in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission projects and the coupling effect of its multi-physical fields determine the operation state of the equipment. Therefore, there is an immediate necessity to develop key digital twin technology for HV bushings, allowing for real-time monitoring of multiple physical field to support their reliable operation. The paper adopts the finite element method to construct a model for electro-thermal coupling field of the converter transformer valve side bushing. By solving electro-thermal coupling finite element equations, snapshots are obtained and electro-thermal coupling field of the bushing is efficiently computed using singular value decomposition and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The results demonstrate that electro-thermal coupling field distribution obtained through the reduced-order model closely matches that computed by commercial software, significantly reducing the required computation time. This research validates the effectiveness of utilizing POD for fast computation and real-time simulation of electro-thermal coupling field of HV converter transformer valve side bushings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110617"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-time-scale joint operation method for renewable energy station, battery energy storage and flexible load under dynamic assessment of power schedule","authors":"Minghao Cao,&nbsp;Linlin Yu,&nbsp;Dong Ding,&nbsp;Peng Jia,&nbsp;Wenhao Wang,&nbsp;Yiran Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the new power system dominated by renewable energy, the grid flexibility regulation resources are increasingly scarce. Therefore, stricter assessments of the power schedules of renewable energy stations (RES) are required. This approach encourages RES to autonomously use their own battery energy storage systems (BESS) and local flexible loads (LFL) to correct power schedule deviations, thereby reducing the demand for grid flexibility regulation resources from the source. The power distribution of RES on a daily time scale exhibits high volatility, and the accuracy of RES power forecasting is low, leading to fluctuations in the scarcity of the grid flexibility regulation resources at different times. Therefore, the assessment of RES power schedules by the grid should also be dynamic. Traditional RES operation methods struggle to meet the rapidly changing assessment requirements for power schedule deviations. First, this paper establishes a dynamic assessment model for RES power schedules, where the assessment price varies across different time periods and increases with the magnitude of schedule deviations. Then, a joint operation method for RES, co-located BESS, and LFL under the dynamic assessment model is proposed, specifically including the day-ahead generation schedule declaration method and the intra-day execution method. Finally, the value realization forms of LFL and BESS under the dynamic assessment model are clarified. Based on this, evaluation metrics for the operational efficiency of the joint operation entity are established, focusing on comprehensive net profit and profit distribution ratios. The case study shows that the joint operation method for RES, co-located BESS, and LFL proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the assessment fees that RES is required to pay under the dynamic assessment model, while also increasing the total net profit of the joint operation entity. Additionally, it enables a reasonable distribution of the profits that LFL and RES should receive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110642"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}