International Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Targeting fimbriae adhesin of porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by isoliquiritigenin","authors":"Hui Yu ,&nbsp;Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Changjiang Sun ,&nbsp;Bingfeng Leng ,&nbsp;Liping Sun ,&nbsp;Xuming Deng ,&nbsp;Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Zihao Teng ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enterotoxigenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (ETEC), a predominant pathogen responsible for neonatal animal diarrhea, poses a significant threat to global health and results in considerable economic losses in animal husbandry. The pathogenicity of ETEC is primarily mediated by its adherence to intestinal epithelial cells via fimbriae adhesins and the subsequent secretion of enterotoxins. We developed a high-throughput screening platform for chorionic inhibitors. By employing semi-solid motility assays, hemagglutination inhibition assays, and cell adhesion assays, we screened a panel of natural compounds and identified Isogliquiritin (ISL) as the active compound. Subsequent validation using transmission electron microscopy and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that ISL significantly inhibits the synthesis and assembly of ETEC fimbriae, thereby reducing bacterial adhesion to host cells. After assessing its safety, we demonstrated through in vivo experiments that ISL attenuates ETEC-induced diarrhea. In the <em>Galleria mellonella</em> larval model, ISL increased the survival rate, meanwhile in a mouse diarrhea model, ISL reduced inflammation caused by ETEC C83902 and upregulated the expression of tight junction protein (ZO-1, claudin-1, and occluding) genes. Collectively, our findings highlight that ISL is a promising natural compound for the prevention and treatment of ETEC-induced diarrhea. By targeting bacterial virulence factors rather than bacterial growth, ISL provides a novel strategy against antimicrobial resistance and offers a safer alternative for managing ETEC infections in livestock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 151704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing genomic surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus in Portugal through an adapted amplicon-based whole-genome sequencing workflow","authors":"Miguel Lança ,&nbsp;Vítor Borges ,&nbsp;Vânia Gaio ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Daniela Santos ,&nbsp;Sílvia Duarte ,&nbsp;Camila Henriques ,&nbsp;Licínia Gomes ,&nbsp;Daniela Dias ,&nbsp;Maria de Jesus Chasqueira ,&nbsp;Raquel Guiomar ,&nbsp;Aryse Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant global health burden, especially among young children. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is key for tracking RSV evolution and epidemiology, underscoring the importance of establishing efficient workflows for routine surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To optimize a streamlined, one-step, multiplex RT-PCR method for RSV WGS, enabling precise genetic characterization of circulating RSV viruses across Portugal.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A one-step RT-PCR protocol was adapted from a published method and used to characterize RSV-positive samples collected by the National RSV Surveillance Network (VigiRSV) from 2021 to 2024. Of the 1167 samples received, those with real-time PCR cycle threshold values below 25 were considered eligible for sequencing. From this subset, 166 samples were randomly selected for assay development and validation, ensuring proportional geographic and seasonal representation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From the 166 samples tested, genome completeness averaged 92.69% (95% CI: 90.15%-95.23%), with an interquartile range of 6.60%, reflecting a generally consistent sequencing performance. This resulted in 134 near-complete genomes (≥30 × depth of coverage across ≥90% of the reference genome). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of 13 RSV A lineages and three RSV B lineages across Portugal over the study period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This adapted protocol achieved high overall horizontal coverage with consistent performance across seasons and regions, demonstrating its reliability for RSV whole-genome sequencing. The strong performance observed over multiple seasons and geographic regions indicates that the method is reproducible and suitable for integration into routine surveillance workflows. These characteristics make it a practical and scalable tool for enhancing RSV epidemiology and public health monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 151724"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite-responsive regulator RpiRB modulates Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity via regulation of agr expression","authors":"Shihui Yuan ,&nbsp;Ping Yan ,&nbsp;Huimin Su ,&nbsp;Ayesha Serwat ,&nbsp;Yujie Li ,&nbsp;Baolin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2025.151695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2025.151695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is a well-known pathogenic bacterium that can produce a variety of virulence factors that cause disease in humans. RpiRB is a regulator of metabolic response, whose regulatory role in the virulence of <em>S. aureus</em> is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the disruption of <em>rpiRB</em> led to down-regulation of the transcription levels of <em>agr</em>-related virulence factors, and reduced the hemolytic activity of methicillin-resistance <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA). In addition, we also found that RpiRB was involved in regulating the inflammatory response of the host. A mouse subcutaneous abscess model showed that the pathogenicity of the strain was significantly reduced after the destruction of <em>rpiRB</em>. Interestingly, RpiRB enhanced the pathogenic capacity of <em>S. aureus</em> in an <em>agr</em>-dependent manner, while it was directly inhibited by SarA. This study aims to highlight the role of RpiRB in the regulation of the pathogenicity of <em>S. aureus</em>, so as to provide theoretical references for illustrating the infection mechanism and coping strategies of <em>S. aureus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 151695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic comparison of Leptospira interrogans isolated from humans, dogs, and wild and feral animals in Japan","authors":"Tetsuya Kakita ,&nbsp;Kyosuke Takabe ,&nbsp;Masatomo Morita ,&nbsp;Sho Okano ,&nbsp;Katsuya Taira ,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Kudeken ,&nbsp;Haruno Taira ,&nbsp;Hisako Kyan ,&nbsp;So Shinya ,&nbsp;Ryo Murata ,&nbsp;Yukihiro Akeda ,&nbsp;Makoto Ohnishi ,&nbsp;Nobuo Koizumi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> spp., is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. While whole genome sequencing (WGS) has revealed global genetic diversity of <em>Leptospira</em> spp., large-scale genomic comparisons between human and animal isolates remain limited, and their epidemiological relationships are not fully understood. In this study, we performed WGS on 204 <em>Leptospira</em> isolates obtained from humans, dogs, and wild or feral animals in Japan between 1989 and 2021. Among these, 146 isolates of <em>L. interrogans</em>—the most frequently isolated <em>Leptospira</em> species with epidemiological relevance—were analyzed using Bayesian analysis of population structure (BAPS) and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). These strains were classified into 30 clonal groups (CGs), including 26 novel CGs. Each CG consistently corresponded to a single serogroup, highlighting the potential of cgMLST for serogroup prediction. BAPS analysis revealed that serogroup Hebdomadis—particularly clades Li20 and Li13—predominated among human infections on islands of Okinawa Prefecture. Li20/CG486 strains were also isolated from mongooses and Ryukyu mouse, suggesting that these animals may serve as reservoirs. Li3/CG6 strains of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae were detected in both humans and brown rats in urban areas, underscoring the role of rats in transmission. Several canine isolates shared CGs with wildlife: Li20/CG481 with mongooses, Li20/CG486 with raccoons, Li6/CG485 with brown rats, and Li20/CG470 with large Japanese field mice, supporting environmental exposure as a likely route of canine infection. These findings demonstrate the utility of cgMLST and BAPS for high-resolution genotyping and emphasize the need for monitoring native and introduced wildlife to better understand and control leptospirosis in Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 151702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistome, virulome and mobilome of clinical carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in Togo","authors":"Sika Dossim ,&nbsp;Komla M. Dossouvi ,&nbsp;Amivi M. Godonou ,&nbsp;Essokedi Tchedie ,&nbsp;Mounerou Salou ,&nbsp;Anoumou Y. Dagnra ,&nbsp;Thierry Naas","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genomics have become crucial in addressing the public health challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this study, we performed the first whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and genomic analyses of clinical <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (<em>A. baumannii</em>) strains isolated at the Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital in Lomé, Togo. This prospective study, conducted from April 19 to September 02, 2019. Susceptibility profiles were obtained using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the nine studied carbapenem-resistant <em>A. baumannii</em> strains were subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS) using an <em>Illumina</em> platform. All isolates exhibited resistance to imipenem, ticarcillin, clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, but remained susceptible to colistin, tigecycline, and rifampicin. The study identified five <em>A. baumannii</em> ST1 strains, two ST103 strains, one ST52 strain, and one ST1153 strain. The number of AMR genes per strain ranged from six to 24, whereas the number of virulence genes per strain varied from 32 to 67. Each isolate contained at least one plasmid, with the number of plasmids per isolate ranging from one to four per isolate. The carbapenemase-producing genes <em>bla</em>_OXA-23, <em>bla</em>_OXA-58, <em>bla</em>_OXA-68, <em>bla</em>_OXA-69, <em>bla</em>_OXA-70, <em>bla</em>_OXA-91, and <em>bla</em>_NDM-1 were identified, along with <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-15 and other antibiotic resistance genes. Additionally, multidrug efflux system genes, including <em>ade</em>CFGHIJKLMNS, <em>abe</em>SJ, and <em>amv</em>A, and a wide array of virulence and biofilm-forming genetic determinants were found in all isolates. Eleven integrons were detected, featuring <em>aac(3)-Ia</em>, <em>sat-</em>2, and <em>dfr</em>A1 cassettes. Tn<em>6018</em>, carrying the mercury resistance gene <em>mer</em>R and <em>czc</em>D (Co/Zn/Cd efflux system), and Tn<em>2007</em>, carrying <em>bla</em>_OXA-23, were present in six genomes. Four Ghanaian genomes were most closely related to the <em>A. baumannii</em> ST1 and ST103 strains reported in this study. Furthermore, several multidrug resistance plasmids and one virulence and AMR hybrid plasmid (accession number JBFMWK020002174.1) were identified. This study provides valuable insights into clinical <em>A. baumannii</em> in Togo, underscoring the need for more frequent genomic studies in sub-Saharan countries to effectively monitor and combat AMR in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 151705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomic analysis of cyclomodulin-producing Escherichia coli strains of animal origin","authors":"Domonkos Sváb ,&nbsp;Linda Falgenhauer ,&nbsp;Eszter Kotogán ,&nbsp;Trinad Chakraborty ,&nbsp;István Tóth","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2025.151690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2025.151690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), a cyclomodulin and genotoxin produced by many Gram-negative bacteria including pathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em>, disrupts the eukaryotic host cell cycle to facilitate bacterial colonization. In a survey of dairy cows in Hungary, 7 % of of sampled animal and farm environment isolates carried CDT-producing <em>E. coli</em> (CTEC). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) performed on six recent isolates and three historical CTEC strains revealed association with diverse pathotypes, including enteropathogenic- (EPEC) and necrotoxigenic- (NTEC) types, as well as several unclassified atypical strains. Four of the six strains isolated in this study carried plasmid encoding <em>cdt-III+</em> NTEC, while a prophage based <em>cdt-V</em> allele was present in the remaining two strains which were of unknown pathotype. These isolates exhibited significant variability in their supplementary virulence genes (SVGs) content as well as in multiple prophage regions linked to virulence or fitness factors. They were phylogenetically distinct and comprised of only distantly related sequence types (STs) that include two novel STs. Several isolates also carried other genotoxic cyclomodulins such as the cytotoxic necrotizing factor (<em>cnf</em>), the cycle inhibiting factor (<em>cif</em>), and colibactin (polyketide synthase, <em>pks</em>) which is located on a genomic island, indicating multiple mechanisms for dysplastic damage of the eukaryotic host cells exist and highlight the role of horizontal gene transfer in the zoonotic and pathogenic potential of CTEC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 151690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence variability of Hungarian RSV G and F proteins between 2017 and 2023: single-center study","authors":"Hajnalka Juhász ,&nbsp;Katalin Burián ,&nbsp;Mátyás Bukva ,&nbsp;Gabriella Terhes","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our study determined the prevalence, types of RSV, and sequence variability of the G and F genes in Hungary between 2017 and 2023. During the study, 1828 respiratory samples were collected from hospitalised pediatric patients. We confirmed the presence of RSV A in 12.74 %, RSV B in 13.85 %, and their simultaneous presence in 0.27 %. The highest RSV positivity was observed in the 2018–2019 season, while the lowest was in the 2017–2018 season. Following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the RSV season has an earlier onset and longer duration than it did previously; however, an earlier onset was already detected in 2018. All RSV A isolates are classified into the A.D., while RSV B into the B.D. clades. The entire ectodomain of G protein showed a high sequence diversity, higher than in the case of B.D. strains. Mutations at position 276, adjacent to the palivizumab binding site of the F protein, could be detected. At the same time, neither K272E/N nor any other mutation is present in the palivizumab binding region in our strains. Several mutations in the nirsevimab binding region could be detected in our strains; however, none of these mutations, which would affect nirsevimab activity, were found in our isolates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 151700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of multidrug resistant E. coli isolates from a German university hospital illustrates dominance of E. coli ST131","authors":"Raphael Hermann ,&nbsp;Annika Sobkowiak ,&nbsp;Franziska Schuler ,&nbsp;Vincent van Almsick ,&nbsp;Alexander Mellmann ,&nbsp;Vera Schwierzeck","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2025.151698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2025.151698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our study characterized 301 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates collected a tertiary hospital in Germany during a during an 18-month period starting from March 2021. All isolates were subjected to long-read whole genome sequencing (lrWGS) to identify resistance genes, type strains and investigate genetic relatedness. Results showed that the sequence type (ST)131 subclade B2 dominates the <em>E. coli</em> population. While carbapenemase genes were rare (n = 7), the most common resistance genes identified were the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) encoding genes <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-15 (26.6 %), <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-27 (18.9 %) and <em>bla</em>_OXA-1 in combination with <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-15 (14.6 %)<em>.</em> About half of the isolates were categorized as nosocomial. Epidemiological evaluation and genetic analysis of bacterial isolates identified five probable cases of transmission during hospital admission. 43,7 % (55 isolates) of the <em>E. coli</em> ST131 isolates were detected in urine samples. 23 % of respective patients received antibiotic treatment prior to sample collection. Moreover, we used lrWGS data to investigate the antimicrobial resistance plasmids in the <em>E. coli</em> ST131 isolates. In total, 68 <em>E. coli</em> ST131 carried at least one ESBL gene on a plasmid. Of these, the <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-27 carrying <em>IncF</em> plasmid was detected in 49 isolates. Taken together our study represents a detailed characterization of the ESBL <em>E. coli</em> population in the hospital setting and highlights the role of ST131 <em>E. coli</em> for hospital epidemiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 151698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and functional evidence reveals dual-module immune response of human-nasal staphylococcus aureus in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Mei Li,&nbsp;Zeqing Xu,&nbsp;Jiarui Zeng,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Zhang,&nbsp;Shixuan Chen,&nbsp;Zhaonan Shen,&nbsp;Yixuan Wu,&nbsp;Wenli Liu,&nbsp;Ziqiang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2026.151707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is a significant pathogen that poses a threat to both human and animal health. Its pathogenicity in humans has been extensively studied, however, the signaling pathways and key genes in Koi Carp responding to <em>S. aureus</em> from human rhinitis remain unclear. In this study, we established an intraperitoneal infection model in koi carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) using an <em>S. aureus</em> isolate from patients with rhinitis and integrated RNA-seq, qPCR, and ELISA to dissect the host response. Our findings reveal a dual-module immune evasion strategy employed by <em>S. aureus</em> in koi carp. Module I: The pathogen down-regulated the entire complement coagulation cascade (C3, C9, CFH, F7/9/10) and apolipoprotein-mediated opsonins (APOA1, APOB, APOC1/2), thereby crippling innate clearance. Module II: The host mounted a restricted but potent counter-response, characterized by type I IFN signalling (gvin1, MHC-I), NK/T-cell co-stimulation (CD244, SLAMF5), and the selective induction of IL-8 and IL-1β, while IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α remained unchanged. Functionally, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lysozyme (LZM) activities surged, confirming an oxidative burst, whereas splenic CD22R protein decreased, indicating B-cell disinhibition. These results establish a molecular basis for understanding the interaction between human-derived <em>S. aureus</em> and the immune system of aquatic organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 151707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analyses of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli revealed the circulation of conjugative virulence plasmids and emergence of novel clones","authors":"Kazuhisa Okada ,&nbsp;Warawan Wongboot ,&nbsp;Amonrattana Roobthaisong ,&nbsp;Nonzee Hanchanachai ,&nbsp;Pawinee Doung-ngern ,&nbsp;Pilailuk Akkapaiboon Okada ,&nbsp;Thanee Wongchai ,&nbsp;Witaya Swaddiwudhipong ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Iida ,&nbsp;Shigeyuki Hamada","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2025.151677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2025.151677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enteroinvasive <em>Escherichia coli</em> (EIEC) is a diarrhoeagenic <em>E. coli</em> pathotype that shares key virulence traits with <em>Shigella</em>, including the invasion plasmid (pINV). In Thailand, an outbreak caused by the EIEC serotype O8:H19—the first reported in the country—occurred in 2023, affecting over 150 patients. To elucidate the emergence, clinical relevance, and epidemiological distribution of EIEC in Thailand, we conducted a comprehensive investigation. We isolated and genomically characterised 63 isolates, comprising 28 EIEC (eight serotypes, including O96:H19 from a 2024 outbreak) and 35 <em>Shigella</em> (25 <em>S. sonnei</em> and 10 <em>S. flexneri</em>), along with 85 global reference strains. Comparative genomics revealed that the 2023 and 2024 EIEC outbreak isolates, along with a novel OX18:H25 EIEC lineage, harboured highly similar pINV plasmids with conserved invasion genes and complete conjugation elements. These isolates retained several biochemical traits that were more typical of commensal <em>E. coli</em> than classical EIEC. Limited chromosomal genome reduction—a hallmark of <em>Shigella</em>— was observed, which suggests that these lineages are in an early stage of adaptation toward a pathogenic lifestyle. Phylogenomic analysis showed that OX18:H25 is closely related to livestock-associated <em>E. coli</em>, supporting the hypothesis that pINV was recently acquired via horizontal gene transfer. These findings highlight the active circulation of putatively conjugative virulence plasmids among <em>E. coli</em> populations and the ongoing emergence of novel EIEC clones with epidemic-inducing potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 151677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}