Arif Armagan Gozutok, Umit Cezmi Yilmaz PhD, Selman Demirel PhD
{"title":"Preliminary results on estimation of signal fading on telecommunication satellite telemetry signals with hybrid numerical weather prediction and artificial neural network approach under presence of aerosol effect","authors":"Arif Armagan Gozutok, Umit Cezmi Yilmaz PhD, Selman Demirel PhD","doi":"10.1002/sat.1442","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1442","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this research, an implementation of artificial deep neural networks (ANN) over outputs of 24-h multi-domain high-resolution nested real case Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model runs was carried out over two high-resolution simulation domains, which are tested and compared for rainfall generation in order to assess the signal fading event observed on geostationary telecommunication spacecraft in orbit for a real multiscale storm case. Our methodology of ANN, which is driven by WRF model output parameters, focuses on prediction of the rain attenuation signal impairment which is observed on the communication satellite telemetry (TM) downlink signal levels under significant aerosol presence due to dust storm which occurred on 12 September 2020. This modelling approach is then compared to rain attenuation observed on TM signal and correlated with communication satellite ground station TM signal measurements. Preliminary results from conducted error analysis (RMSE) on multiple input single output feed-forward neural network (MISO FFNN) prediction model outputs tested with several neural algorithms indicate good correlation with the TM downlink signal attenuation observations taken from the ground station TM baseband demodulator.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 4","pages":"305-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42445490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swamy KCT, Venkata Ratnam Devanaboyina, Towseef Ahmed Shaik
{"title":"Double difference method with zero and short base length carrier phase measurements for Navigation with Indian Constellation satellites L5 (1176.45 MHz) signal quality analysis","authors":"Swamy KCT, Venkata Ratnam Devanaboyina, Towseef Ahmed Shaik","doi":"10.1002/sat.1441","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1441","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The carrier phase (CP) measurements should be unambiguous to achieve the enhanced accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) services. However, all the real-time CP measurements are manipulated by different errors, namely, satellite and receiver clock error, ionosphere delay, troposphere delay, integer ambiguity, etc. Even after removing or minimizing all these errors, the CP measurements are influenced by multipath error and receiver hardware residual or bias. In this research article, a double difference (DD) method is proposed to estimate residual or bias in CP observations of Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC). The proposed method abolishes all the common errors and provides bias. However, the CP measurement with a bit of bias value can be considered a high-quality signal. Here, we investigate the quality of NavIC satellites L5 (1176.45 MHz) signal with real-time measurements obtained through zero base length (ZBL) and short base length (SBL) experiments conducted at Kurnool (15.79°N, 78.07°E), India. The results show that the CP measurement bias of the L5 signal is within the range ±0.338 and ±1.688 m, respectively, for stationary and moving receivers. The bias was enhanced to 3.71 m for the SBL measurements. The results also demonstrate that the bias is low when carrier to noise (C/No) is high, and its range is nearly the same for all the days. This research would be helpful to estimate the bias that improves accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP) applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 4","pages":"294-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43749078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João P. Monteiro, Alberto Cunha, Alexandre Silva, Carlos Fernandes, Diogo Neves, Fabian Naf, Gonçalo Tavares, José Freitas, João Pinto, Moisés Piedade, Nuno Ramos, Paulo J. S. Gil, Paulo Macedo, Rúben Afonso, Renato Encarnação, Rodrigo Ramos, Tomás Almeida, Rui M. Rocha
{"title":"ISTSat-1, a space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast demonstration CubeSat mission","authors":"João P. Monteiro, Alberto Cunha, Alexandre Silva, Carlos Fernandes, Diogo Neves, Fabian Naf, Gonçalo Tavares, José Freitas, João Pinto, Moisés Piedade, Nuno Ramos, Paulo J. S. Gil, Paulo Macedo, Rúben Afonso, Renato Encarnação, Rodrigo Ramos, Tomás Almeida, Rui M. Rocha","doi":"10.1002/sat.1440","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1440","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) receivers to extend aircraft surveillance beyond line-of-sight communication has been discussed since the late 2000s and has been demonstrated in various missions. Although recent demonstrations have relied on small CubeSat platforms, the use of the smallest possible form factor has not been explored. This paper describes development of a spacecraft representing the first use of a 1 U CubeSat platform for aircraft tracking. To comply with the platform's limited power budget, the receiver departs from the typical application of FPGA boards to decoding ADS-B signals and instead employs a general microprocessor. The spacecraft also features some innovations over traditional CubeSat platforms, such as distributed system-level software amenable to extensive code reuse, redundant communications mechanisms, and software-based radiation mitigation strategies. Having designed, built, and integrated all subsystems, as well as performed multiple test campaigns at system and subsystem level, the team now aims at completing formal functional and environmental testing before undergoing the launch campaign, foreseen for 2022.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 4","pages":"268-293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44216972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The performance analysis of NOMA in LEO satellite rain attenuation and fading hybrid channel","authors":"Qian Ning, Xinjing Yang, Bingcai Chen, Xinzhi Zhou","doi":"10.1002/sat.1439","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1439","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the fifth-generation (5G) and future sixth-generation (6G) networks, improving spectral efficiency and system capacity is still the main concern. Adding LEO satellite to the construction of 5G and 6G can make the network structure three-dimensional, which lets the network construction get rid of the limitation of ground space propagation distance and makes the wider area enjoy the convenience of 5G and 6G. However, due to the large link distance between space and the ground, the communication of LEO satellite in Ka band is greatly affected by rain attenuation and shadow fading. In order to improve the ergodic capacity of LEO satellite downlink, this paper attempts to apply nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to hybrid channels with rainfall fading and shadow fading. In the simulation results, the ergodic capacity of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and NOMA is compared, and it is found that the system capacity of hybrid channel can be improved by increasing the power allocation factor of NOMA. The experiments have studied the influence of LEO satellite's orbital height, fading degree, and transmission power in the communication link on the performance of LEO satellite system in this paper. The experimental results show that the lower the orbit height is, the better system performance will become under the same fading degree. Moreover, the energy consumed gradually decreases with the transmission power becoming small.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 4","pages":"256-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49498372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianfei Tong, Cheng Wang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Gaofeng Cui, Weidong Wang
{"title":"Joint power allocation and cooperative analog beamforming for ultra-dense low Earth orbit satellite constellation networks","authors":"Jianfei Tong, Cheng Wang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Gaofeng Cui, Weidong Wang","doi":"10.1002/sat.1438","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1438","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, downlink multigroup multicast transmission in the ultra-dense low Earth orbit satellite constellation networks with full frequency reuse is studied. Multicast transmission significantly improves the system performance compared with point-to-point transmission. However, multicast capacity is constrained by the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) of bottleneck users in each group. To tackle this problem, we propose an alternating optimization-based joint power allocation and cooperative beamforming algorithm (AO-JPACB) to enhance the SINR of the bottleneck users and improve the system capacity. Simulation results show that the proposed AO-JPACB algorithm can improve the system capacity compared to single-satellite schemes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 4","pages":"245-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41591669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On-field test campaign performance of VDE-SAT Link ID 20 over Norsat-2 LEO satellite","authors":"Riccardo Andreotti, Leonardo Nanna, Marco Andrenacci, Agostino Isca, Hans-Christian Haugli, Nader Alagha","doi":"10.1002/sat.1437","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1437","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The latest technical recommendation by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for a data exchange system in the VHF maritime mobile band defines a random access channel (RAC) for communications on the uplink channel between vessels and satellites. The physical layer frame for random uplink channel is designed to allow for a more efficient use of the power amplifiers and includes features to assist the satellite receivers to resolve overlapping reception of multiple messages. This paper presents the performance results of an over-the-air test campaign carried out exploiting the NorSat-2 Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite. After a review of the VDE-SAT RAC and Link ID 20 burst, a possible demodulator implementation is shown. Then, the VDE-SAT transmitter platform, located in Pisa, Italy, emulating a population of vessels transmitting to the NorSat-2 LEO satellite is introduced, and the test cases are described. Afterward, the analysis of the recorded signals is provided. The post-analysis first focuses on the demodulation performance in terms of probability of successful demodulation of the interfering bursts. Further investigation has also been carried out to better understand the interference environment in this frequency band for satellite signal reception. Tests indicate promising results of successfully detecting and demodulating up to 22 overlapping RAC messages, confirming the robustness of the protocol. Finally, capitalizing on the above analysis, conclusions suggest possible improvements.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 2","pages":"195-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49250933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Leng, Pengfei Duan, Dongwei Hu, Gaofeng Cui, Weidong Wang
{"title":"Cooperative user association and resource allocation for task offloading in hybrid GEO‐LEO satellite networks","authors":"Tao Leng, Pengfei Duan, Dongwei Hu, Gaofeng Cui, Weidong Wang","doi":"10.1002/sat.1436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1436","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks play an important role in future satellite‐assisted internet of things (S‐IoT). However, the limited satellite on‐board communication and computing resource poses a large challenge for the task offloading in the hybrid GEO‐LEO satellite networks. In this paper, the problem of task offloading is formulated as a cooperative user association and resource allocation problem. To tackle the problem, we model it as a Markov decision process and decompose it into two sub‐problems, which are sequential decisions for user association and resource allocation with fixed user association conditions. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is adopted to make sequential decisions to achieve long‐term benefits, and convex optimization method is utilized to obtain optimal communication and computing resource allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to other referred schemes.","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 1","pages":"230 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43571551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fan Lu, Yu Jiang, Rui Wang, Hu Wang, Pengfei Zhao, Hongbo Wei, Bing Ma, Chao Ma
{"title":"System demonstrations of Ka‐band 5‐Gbps data transmission for satellite applications","authors":"Fan Lu, Yu Jiang, Rui Wang, Hu Wang, Pengfei Zhao, Hongbo Wei, Bing Ma, Chao Ma","doi":"10.1002/sat.1434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1434","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite‐ground‐link high‐rate high‐efficiency data transmission technique is one of the key supports for the development of high‐resolution low‐earth‐orbit (LEO) earth observation satellite systems. Ka‐band, frequency ranging from 24.6 to 40 GHz, shares a wide available bandwidth, high frequency reuse rate, and strong ability of anti‐jamming. Satellite operators have utilized the Ka‐band for satellite‐earth data transmission, which requires higher traffic capacity, and even have planned to launch new satellites with Ka‐band capacity. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a 5‐Gbps uncoded data rate (corresponding to the channel rate of 6 Gbps) of Ka‐band data‐transmission system with dual‐circular polarization and frequency reuse for satellite‐earth applications. The objective of the experiment is gathering experimental data to validate the performance of the proposed four channel systems, including bit error ratio (BER) and link budget. Our work could support future satellite communication applications and meet the imperative demands of high rate transmission to earth.","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 1","pages":"204 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43326061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas Kuhn, François Michel, Ludovic Thomas, Emmanuel Dubois, Emmanuel Lochin, Francklin Simo, David Pradas
{"title":"QUIC: Opportunities and threats in SATCOM","authors":"Nicolas Kuhn, François Michel, Ludovic Thomas, Emmanuel Dubois, Emmanuel Lochin, Francklin Simo, David Pradas","doi":"10.1002/sat.1432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1432","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article proposes a discussion on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to the deployment of QUIC end-to-end from a satellite-operator point-of-view. The deployment of QUIC is an opportunity for improving the quality of experience when exploiting satellite broadband accesses. Indeed, the fast establishment of secured connections reduces the transmission time of short files. Moreover, removing transport-layer performance-enhancing proxies reduces the cost of network infrastructures and improves the integration of satellite systems. However, the congestion and flow controls at end points are not always suitable for satellite communications due to the intrinsic high bandwidth-delay product. Further acceptance of QUIC in satellite systems would be guaranteed if its performance in specific use cases were increased. Based on an emulated platform and on open-source software, this paper proposes values of performance metrics as one piece of the puzzle. The final performance objective requires consensus among the different actors. The objective should at least provide acceptable performance for satellite operators to allow QUIC traffic but reasonable enough to keep QUIC deployable on the Internet.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 6","pages":"379-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137470643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CCAKESC: Chaotic map‐based construction of a new authenticated key exchange protocol for satellite communication","authors":"Uddeshaya Kumar, Manish Garg","doi":"10.1002/sat.1435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1435","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, many authentication schemes were proposed by researchers in the satellite communication environment. Unfortunately, several types of security flaws occur in relative works (Qi et al., 2019; Xu, 2019; Liu et al., 2017; Altaf et al., 2020), such as off‐line guessing attacks, smart card stolen attacks and replay attacks. In this paper, we proposed a secure authentication technique based on chaotic maps to solve these drawbacks. To establish the security of the proposed scheme, we employ formal proof under the random oracle model. In addition, an informal study with various security properties is provided to augment the security characteristics. Furthermore, we compare our protocol to several current schemes and demonstrate that our plan meets the security criteria while being cost‐effective. As a result, it is more suited to the satellite communication environment.","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"40 1","pages":"218 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45523140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}