Forest Products Journal最新文献_第2页

Transforming Wood into a High-Performance Engineering Material via Cellulose Nanocrystal Impregnation 通过纤维素纳米晶体浸渍将木材转化为高性能工程材料

Forest Products Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.13073/fpj-d-23-00054

D. Bajwa, Ismat Ara, Ashton Oriel Chan, S. Bajwa, Kerry E. Hartman

{"title":"Transforming Wood into a High-Performance Engineering Material via Cellulose Nanocrystal Impregnation","authors":"D. Bajwa, Ismat Ara, Ashton Oriel Chan, S. Bajwa, Kerry E. Hartman","doi":"10.13073/fpj-d-23-00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-23-00054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The demand for wood in construction has led to shortages of strong wood types, causing a shift to costlier alternatives like concrete and nonbiodegradable materials, prompting the investigation of modifying softwoods for better engineering properties. This study investigates the optimization of a multistep impregnation process utilizing functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (f-CNCs) to enhance softwood properties. The process involves alkali delignification, ultrasonication, and vacuum pressure treatment to improve wood porosity and in turn improve CNC impregnation with uniform dispersion. Microstructural analyses through field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) offer detailed insights into cell wall morphology and surface topography, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy highlights compositional shifts resulting from f-CNC impregnation. Mechanical testing demonstrates significant improvements for treated woods, particularly a 67 percent increase in modulus of elasticity for the 2 percent CNC-treated group compared with the control group; a 71 percent increase in modulus of rupture was observed for 2 percent CNC-, 3 percent NaOH-, and 2 percent acetic acid-treated group compared with the control sample. The sample delignified with 3 percent NaOH and impregnated by 2 percent f-CNC emerged as particularly effective. This research sets the stage for potential advancements in strengthening softwood using CNC, including a novel AFM method and alternative impregnation techniques like the Lowry method, inviting further exploration.","PeriodicalId":502668,"journal":{"name":"Forest Products Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140519599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bonding Performance of Preservative-Treated Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Posttreated with CU-Based Preservatives 经 CU 防腐剂后处理的交错层压木材 (CLT) 的粘结性能

Forest Products Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.13073/fpj-d-23-00031

Franklin Quin, Samuel Ayanleye, Tamara Franca, R. Shmulsky, Hyungsuk Lim

{"title":"Bonding Performance of Preservative-Treated Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Posttreated with CU-Based Preservatives","authors":"Franklin Quin, Samuel Ayanleye, Tamara Franca, R. Shmulsky, Hyungsuk Lim","doi":"10.13073/fpj-d-23-00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-23-00031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To expand the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) to exterior applications, there is a need to protect the panels from biodegrading agents such as fungi and termites. Pressure treatments are effective methods of increasing the durability of wood and wood-based products; however, studies on pressure-treated CLT are limited. In this study, preservative-treated CLT samples from prefabricated CLT panels were prepared and impregnated with Cu-based preservatives through a conventional vacuum-pressure process. The effects of panel layup (3-ply parallel, 3-ply perpendicular, and 5-ply parallel) and preservative treatment (untreated [control], copper azole-type C [CA-C], and micronized copper azole-type [MCA]) on the bonding performance were investigated. Panel layup and preservative treatment had a significant influence on the block shear strength and percentage of wood failure (WFP) of the treated panels. Overall, approximately 60 percent of the block shear specimens had a WFP of >75 percent. However, fewer than 10 percent of the delamination specimens met the ASTM D2559 (2018) limitation of 1 percent for softwood used in outdoor applications. ASTM D2559 counts shallow wood failure as delamination, which could have been a reason for the high delamination rate. The percentage of wood failure and the high rate of delamination could be due to the moisture-induced adhesion failure resulting from the pressure-treatment process. The preservative pressure-treatment of the CLT panels increased the moisture content (MC) from 12–15 percent to approximately 85 percent MC, and the severe swelling of the panels during treatment might have imposed a high stress on the bond line. However, no noticeable delamination of the panels was observed during the actual treating phase of the study. These results show the feasibility of treating prefabricated CLT panels with CA-C and MCA preservatives without compromising the bonding strength.","PeriodicalId":502668,"journal":{"name":"Forest Products Journal","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lumber Supply-Chain Practice in Cross-Laminated Timber Industries in the United States: A Comparison with Austrian Producers 美国交叉层压木材行业的木材供应链实践：与奥地利生产商的比较

Forest Products Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.13073/fpj-d-23-00018

Sailesh Adhikari, Brian Bond, Henry Quesada, Robert Smith

{"title":"Lumber Supply-Chain Practice in Cross-Laminated Timber Industries in the United States: A Comparison with Austrian Producers","authors":"Sailesh Adhikari, Brian Bond, Henry Quesada, Robert Smith","doi":"10.13073/fpj-d-23-00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-23-00018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lumber is the main raw material for cross-laminated timber (CLT) production, accounting for up to 80 percent of the cost. The availability, quality, and price of lumber are critical factors that influence the completion of CLT projects in the United States. Although structural-rated CLTs are made from structural-grade lumber available in the commodities market, CLT mills have additional requirements to process the lumber more efficiently. These requirements increase production costs, affecting the supply chain, delaying production schedules, and increasing project completion times. This study aims to identify the differences in the lumber supply-chain practices for CLT manufacturing in the United States and Austria. The authors used the case-study survey with convenience sampling method to describe how CLT mills work with suppliers, their delivery preferences, quality-control practices, and current critical issues in each country. The study shows significant differences in lumber procurement and quality monitoring between CLT mills in the United States and Austria. Although the quality of lumber supplied to Austrian CLT mills does not require additional preparation, the quality of lumber in the United States significantly affects production efficiency and cost. To address the lumber supply-chain problems in the United States for CLT production, the authors recommend sorting lumber from the current market to meet minimum requirements and introducing a new lumber grade specifically for CLT mills. Furthermore, adopting the Austrian practice of mass-producing blank CLTs can provide a continuous supply of lumber from sawmills or distributors and increase collaboration opportunities with suppliers and producers.","PeriodicalId":502668,"journal":{"name":"Forest Products Journal","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of a Digital Twin Model in the Packaging Process of the Panel Furniture Industry 数字孪生模型在板式家具行业包装流程中的应用

Forest Products Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.13073/fpj-d-24-00001

Guokun Wang, Xianqing Xiong, Ying Ma, Xiutong Xu

{"title":"Application of a Digital Twin Model in the Packaging Process of the Panel Furniture Industry","authors":"Guokun Wang, Xianqing Xiong, Ying Ma, Xiutong Xu","doi":"10.13073/fpj-d-24-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-24-00001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The packaging process in panel furniture manufacturing enterprises is the final process in production. However, there exists a lack of effective interaction and integration between the manufacturing processes and the information system. This challenge becomes more significant in the context of intelligent manufacturing. To address this, we propose a generalized digital twin workshop model for the packaging process in panel furniture manufacturing enterprises. Using this model, we establish a digital twin workshop for Company W’s packaging process, which improves interaction and integration with the information system. By analyzing the data from the workshop service system and the workshop twin data, we identify inefficiencies in the automatic packaging line and propose an optimization scheme using the digital twin workshop model. Through simulation in the virtual workshop and actual verification, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the production efficiency of the automatic packaging line by approximately 20 percent and reduces the need for 5 to 6 packaging workers. Our study presents a new solution for upgrading the information system in the packaging process of panel furniture, contributing to the development and optimization of the furniture industry in the era of intelligent manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":502668,"journal":{"name":"Forest Products Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0