Lumber Supply-Chain Practice in Cross-Laminated Timber Industries in the United States: A Comparison with Austrian Producers

Sailesh Adhikari, Brian Bond, Henry Quesada, Robert Smith
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Abstract

Lumber is the main raw material for cross-laminated timber (CLT) production, accounting for up to 80 percent of the cost. The availability, quality, and price of lumber are critical factors that influence the completion of CLT projects in the United States. Although structural-rated CLTs are made from structural-grade lumber available in the commodities market, CLT mills have additional requirements to process the lumber more efficiently. These requirements increase production costs, affecting the supply chain, delaying production schedules, and increasing project completion times. This study aims to identify the differences in the lumber supply-chain practices for CLT manufacturing in the United States and Austria. The authors used the case-study survey with convenience sampling method to describe how CLT mills work with suppliers, their delivery preferences, quality-control practices, and current critical issues in each country. The study shows significant differences in lumber procurement and quality monitoring between CLT mills in the United States and Austria. Although the quality of lumber supplied to Austrian CLT mills does not require additional preparation, the quality of lumber in the United States significantly affects production efficiency and cost. To address the lumber supply-chain problems in the United States for CLT production, the authors recommend sorting lumber from the current market to meet minimum requirements and introducing a new lumber grade specifically for CLT mills. Furthermore, adopting the Austrian practice of mass-producing blank CLTs can provide a continuous supply of lumber from sawmills or distributors and increase collaboration opportunities with suppliers and producers.
美国交叉层压木材行业的木材供应链实践:与奥地利生产商的比较
木材是生产交叉层压木材(CLT)的主要原材料,占成本的 80%。木材的供应、质量和价格是影响美国 CLT 项目完成的关键因素。虽然结构等级的 CLT 是用商品市场上的结构等级木材制成的,但 CLT 工厂还需要满足更高效地加工木材的额外要求。这些要求增加了生产成本,影响了供应链,推迟了生产进度,延长了项目完工时间。本研究旨在确定美国和奥地利在 CLT 生产中木材供应链做法的差异。作者采用便利抽样法进行案例研究调查,描述了每个国家的 CLT 工厂如何与供应商合作、他们的交货偏好、质量控制做法以及当前的关键问题。研究结果表明,美国和奥地利的 CLT 工厂在木材采购和质量监控方面存在显著差异。虽然供应给奥地利 CLT 工厂的木材质量不需要额外的准备工作,但美国的木材质量却会严重影响生产效率和成本。为解决美国 CLT 生产的木材供应链问题,作者建议从当前市场上分拣木材以满足最低要求,并引入专门用于 CLT 工厂的新木材等级。此外,采用奥地利大规模生产毛坯 CLT 的做法,可以从锯木厂或经销商处获得持续的木材供应,并增加与供应商和生产商的合作机会。
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