Filosofija. Sociologija最新文献_第4页

Black Boxes that Curtail Human Flourishing are no Longer Available for Use in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Design 人工智能（AI）设计不再使用限制人类发展的黑匣子

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2024.35.1.2

John W. Murphy, Carlos Largacha-Martínez

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Can’t Bottom-up Artificial Moral Agents Make Moral Judgements? 自下而上的人工道德代理不能做出道德判断吗？

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2024.35.1.3

Robert James M. Boyles

{"title":"Can’t Bottom-up Artificial Moral Agents Make Moral Judgements?","authors":"Robert James M. Boyles","doi":"10.6001/fil-soc.2024.35.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.2024.35.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This article examines if bottom-up artificial moral agents are capable of making genuine moral judgements, specifically in light of David Hume’s is-ought problem. The latter underscores the notion that evaluative assertions could never be derived from purely factual propositions. Bottom-up technologies, on the other hand, are those designed via evolutionary, developmental, or learning techniques. In this paper, the nature of these systems is looked into with the aim of preliminarily assessing if there are good reasons to suspect that, on the foundational level, their moral reasoning capabilities are prone to the no-ought-from-is thesis. The main hypothesis of the present work is that, by conceptually analysing the notion of bottom-up artificial moral agents, it would be revealed that their seeming moral judgements do not have proper philosophical basis. For one, the said kinds of artifacts arrive at the understanding of ethically-relevant ideas by means of culling data or facts from the environment. Thus, in relation to the is-ought problem, it may be argued that, even if bottom-up systems seem prima facie capable of generating apparent moral judgments, such are actually absent of good moral grounding, if not empty of any ethical value. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":502666,"journal":{"name":"Filosofija. Sociologija","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Significant Absences: Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Silence and Joyce’s Poetics of the Unspoken 重要的缺席：维特根斯坦的沉默哲学与乔伊斯的无言诗学

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2024.35.1.10

Darko Blagojevic, V. V. Garić

{"title":"Significant Absences: Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Silence and Joyce’s Poetics of the Unspoken","authors":"Darko Blagojevic, V. V. Garić","doi":"10.6001/fil-soc.2024.35.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.2024.35.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper discusses an important phase in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s analytic philosophy through a comparative examination of the profound correspondences that exist between his concept of silence and the poetics of another crucial authorial figure of the 20th century: James Joyce. Based on the hypothesis that there are striking resemblances between their early works, that is, between Joyce’s realistic short-story collection Dubliners and Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, the article employs mostly close-reading, analytical-interpretative and comparative methods. It argues that silence was an intentional intellectual, aesthetic and ethical choice of both these authors, their way to preserve the autonomy of metaphysics and to honour the beauty of the unspoken. \u0000Starting from their common critical treatment of the habitual and largely alienated speech, the discussion connects Wittgenstein’s philosophical attitudes regarding the imprecision and inadequacy of every-day language and Joyce’s notion of ‘spiritual paralysis’ of the city-life, which he saw as the main motive for writing his collection about fin-desiècle Dublin. On the grounds of their shared views about the limits of words, behind which there are worlds that cannot be properly uttered, the idea of silence – or the highly significant narrative absence – grows to permeate the work of both. In the case of Wittgenstein, it is a call for a new philosophy, or anti-philosophy, which in negating metaphysics in effect preserves its independence from a discursive speech which cannot express it, whereas in the case of Joyce, correspondingly (and almost simultaneously), it is a quest for a new literary mode that will foreground a particular Modernist allusiveness, rhetoric of omission and deliberately incomplete, gnomonical narrative structures. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":502666,"journal":{"name":"Filosofija. Sociologija","volume":"5 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prievartinių migrantų palikuonių šeimų atmintis ir jų etninė tapatybė: lietuvių diasporos Kazachstane atvejis 被迫移民后裔的记忆与民族认同：哈萨克斯坦立陶宛侨民的案例

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.2

Irena Šutinienė

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1980–2000 m. gimusiųjų gyvenimo pasirinkimai socialinių pokyčių kontekste 社会变革背景下 1980-2000 年出生婴儿的生活选择

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4priedas.special-issue.9

Laimutė Žilinskienė

{"title":"1980–2000 m. gimusiųjų gyvenimo pasirinkimai socialinių pokyčių kontekste","authors":"Laimutė Žilinskienė","doi":"10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4priedas.special-issue.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4priedas.special-issue.9","url":null,"abstract":"Pritaikant Davido Riesmano (1989) adaptacijos socialinių pokyčių laikotarpiu koncepciją straipsnyje analizuojama, kokią įtaką besikeičianti institucinė aplinka ir readaptacinis šeimos elgesys turi 1980–2000 metais gimusių ir nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje augusių asmenų gyvenimo scenarijams ir pasirinkimams, susijusiems su profesija ir šeima. Autorė nagrinėja, kokie yra jaunimo profesinės karjeros ir šeiminio gyvenimo pasirinkimai, kokią įtaką tiems pasirinkimams turi šeima kaip vienas iš svarbiausių adaptatorių, kaip šeimos sėkmingos ar nesėkmingos readaptacinės praktikos naujoje socialinėje tikrovėje daro įtaką jaunimo profesinei karjerai ir kokios priežastys lemia ilgalaikių įsipareigojimų, susijusių su šeiminio gyvenimo planais, baimę. Analizė paremta 67 gyvenimo istorijos interviu, surinktais 2021–2022 m. aštuoniose Lietuvos apskrityse, vykdant Lietuvos mokslo tarybos finansuojamą mokslininkų grupių projektą „Užaugę Nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje: 1980–2000 metais gimusiųjų gyvenimo eiga, elgsenos strategijos ir jų kontekstai“ (2021–2024).","PeriodicalId":502666,"journal":{"name":"Filosofija. Sociologija","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Value Orientations of Youth Students: Transformation of National Identity and Consciousness in the Conditions of War 青年学生的价值取向：战争条件下国家认同和意识的转变

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.6

Olena Klymenko, Valentina Chepak, Gulbarshin Chepurko

{"title":"Value Orientations of Youth Students: Transformation of National Identity and Consciousness in the Conditions of War","authors":"Olena Klymenko, Valentina Chepak, Gulbarshin Chepurko","doi":"10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to study the value orientations of student youth in the context of the transformation of national identity and national consciousness in the conditions of Russian armed aggression. The empirical basis of the article was formed by the results of the authors’ sociological research ‘Transformation of National Identity and Consciousness Among Student Youth of Ukraine Under the Influence of Russian Military Aggression’, conducted by employees of the Social Expertise Department of the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and the secondary analysis of the annual sociological monitoring ‘Ukrainian Society: Public Opinion in Ukraine After 10 Months of War’. The authors empirically confirm the fact of a sharp increase in national consciousness among student youth, who demonstrate a high level of readiness to serve their country, take an active part in public life, and want to be useful to their country during the armed struggle against the aggressor country. In the conclusions, the authors state that in the Ukrainian youth environment among students, a new type of national self-identification is widespread, the basis of which is the interdependence of norms of thinking and ideas about origin.","PeriodicalId":502666,"journal":{"name":"Filosofija. Sociologija","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Glaudžiai įsipynusi į dabartinį Nepriklausomybės laikotarpį: posovietinės transformacijos vieta socialinės atminties žemėlapyje šiuolaikinėje Lietuvoje 与当前独立时期紧密交织：后苏联转型在当代立陶宛社会记忆地图上的位置

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.7

Valda Budreckaitė

{"title":"Glaudžiai įsipynusi į dabartinį Nepriklausomybės laikotarpį: posovietinės transformacijos vieta socialinės atminties žemėlapyje šiuolaikinėje Lietuvoje","authors":"Valda Budreckaitė","doi":"10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"„Posocializmas“, „pokomunizmas“, „transformacija“ ir kiti semantiškai susiję žodžiai turi laikinumo atspalvį. Akademikai ir politikos formuotojai suvokė, kad šis laikotarpis bus sunkus eiliniams gyventojams. Svarstoma, kad Lietuvoje transformacijos laikotarpis baigėsi – pavyzdžiui, 2004 m., šaliai įstojus į ES ir NATO. Tačiau nežinome, kada šis laikotarpis pasibaigė žiūrint iš Lietuvos gyventojų perspektyvos (jeigu apskritai pasibaigė). Todėl šiame straipsnyje siekiama atsakyti į klausimą, kokie su transformacija susiję periodai arba lūžiai išryškėja (jeigu išryškėja) socialinėje atmintyje. Straipsnyje laikomasi periodo definicijos, pagal kurią jis turi ribas laike ir pavadinimą, suvokiamas kaip homogeniškas. Kokybiniai interviu, 2021 m. vasarą surinkti Panevėžyje, Jonavoje ir kaimuose aplink šiuos miestus, analizuojami taikant refleksyviąją teminę analizę (RTA). Daroma išvada, kad transformacija yra glaudžiai įsipynusi į dabartinį Nepriklausomybės laikotarpį. Viena vertus, kai kurie tyrimo dalyviai pasakojo apie „per versmo“, „suirutės“ laiką, kartais jį lygino su pokariu. Kita vertus, atmintyje kur kas ryškesnis bendras atkurtos Nepriklausomybės laikotarpis: jis suvokiamas kaip daugmaž homogeniškas laipsniškos kaitos laikas, kurį įmanu palyginti su stambiu periodu prieš esminį lūžį – sovietmečiu.","PeriodicalId":502666,"journal":{"name":"Filosofija. Sociologija","volume":"410 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Suaugystės tapatumų žemėlapiai ir gyvenimo eigos scenarijai transnacionalinio gyvenimo vaikystėje patirčių kontekste 跨国童年经历背景下的青少年身份和人生历程情景图

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.3

Gintė Martinkėnė, Sigita Kraniauskienė

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Sociology and Veganism: A Systematic Literature Review 社会学与素食主义：系统文献综述

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.10

Rūta Pelikšienė

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Draudžiamieji ženklai ir viešosios erdvės kontrolė Kazachstane 哈萨克斯坦的违禁标志和公共空间管制

Filosofija. Sociologija Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4.9

Diana Janušauskienė

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