Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献

{"title":"Highly radiogenic lead in shandong bronzes (5th-3rd century BC) and lead mines provides evidence of a metal road from China to Korea and Japan","authors":"Xiaotong Wu ,&nbsp;Jinzhuo Tan ,&nbsp;Xiansheng Yan ,&nbsp;Zhen Fang ,&nbsp;Xiuling Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenbin Dong ,&nbsp;Tao Qu ,&nbsp;Zhengyao Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The origin of the lead materials containing highly radiogenic lead (HRL) isotopes found in bronzes dating back to the 4th–2nd century BCE in Korea and Japan remains enigmatic. The lead isotope analysis conducted on 111 bronzes, slags, and lead ores from Shandong, China, has provided valuable insights into the establishment of the metal trade network in Northeast Asia. The findings reveal a notable transition in the source of lead material used in Shandong from the early to the middle and late Warring States periods. Initially, Shandong bronzes heavily relied on imported lead materials from Central China; however, during the middle and late Warring States periods, there was a shift towards the utilization of HRL (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb range: 18.6–23.1) and lead with low ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios, which were uncommon in other regions of China contemporaneously. The isochron relationship (2.29 Ga) between the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of the HRL bronzes from Shandong, Japan-Korea, and the HRL lead ores of the Xiliang lead mine in Yishui, Shandong, demonstrates a strong correlation, suggesting that the HRL metal materials prevalent in Northeast Asia during the 4th–2nd century BCE likely originated from the Tai-Yi Mountains in Shandong Province.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 106047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed lead sources in tin metal: Implications for using lead isotopes to study tin artifacts","authors":"W. Powell ,&nbsp;R. Mathur ,&nbsp;G. Kamenov ,&nbsp;J. Stephens ,&nbsp;D. Killick","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methods for provenancing copper, lead, and silver using the isotopic composition of lead are well-established. Lead isotope analysis holds promise for the study of tin metal as well, as long as one accounts for the U-Th-Pb systematics of cassiterite (SnO₂) and chaîne opératoire of tin production. Although Precambrian cassiterite may contain 10s of ppm Pb or more (predominantly radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb), Phanerozoic examples typically contain only a few parts per million Pb. However, all but one of the 133 raw tin ingots excavated from European Bronze Age shipwrecks contains more Pb than could have come from cassiterite alone, as do six of the twelve analyzed tin objects interpreted to have been derived from the ores of southern Africa. Accordingly, almost all tin objects must contain Pb from external cassiterite sources and interpretation of LIA must account for this contamination. The nature of the contaminant (sulfides, U-Th-bearing minerals, silicates) can be inferred from patterns in Pb concentration and LI values. The 3 major sources of Pb that can typically be identified in tin artifacts are original Pb from the tin ore, radiogenic Pb produced in-situ due to U decay, and external Pb added during the cassiterite smelting and ingot production. As cassiterite has high U/Pb but low Th/Pb, the ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb may be representative of the initial Pb incorporated in the mineral. This is assuming either that no external Pb is added during the ore processing or that the added Pb is from coeval sulfides from the same Pb ore provenance. In such cases 208Pb/204 Pb can be used to estimate a Pb model age, which in turn can be used for provenance estimate of the ingots. If the addition of Pb is from U-Th-mineral contaminants to the ore concentrate, then this will also increase ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and point to erroneously young model Pb ages. In such cases, the problem would be evident in positively correlated values of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb. If Pb concentrations are above a certain threshold (approximately 5 ppm). LIA typical common Pb isotope ratios will be clear indication that external, non-cassiterite Pb, is added to the tin artifact. This tin could be from impurities in the ore (e.g., inclusions in cassiterite, impurities in the ore concentrate, or added during ore smelting and/or metal processing. Overall, elevated Pb concentrations accompanied with non-radiogenic Pb isotopes typical for common Pb, is a clear indication that significant amount of external (contaminant) Pb is added to the tin artifact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 106045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using computed tomography to diagnose chronic frontal sinusitis in the skeletal remains of a post-medieval Dutch rural community (AD 1829–1866)","authors":"Veronica Pace,&nbsp;Maia Casna,&nbsp;Sarah A. Schrader","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic frontal sinusitis (CFS) has afflicted humanity throughout history and continues to be a significant global health issue today. In bioarchaeology, sinusitis is often diagnosed through the identification of bone alterations within the maxillary sinus cavities by macroscopic and/or endoscopic examination. However, due to the inaccessible nature of frontal sinuses, CFS specifically has not been studied extensively archaeologically yet. This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of diagnosing CFS through computed tomography (CT), highlighting the potential of radiographical imaging for future advancements in paleopathological research.</p><p>We conducted a CT examination of 41 crania from the rural community of Middenbeemster, the Netherlands (AD 1829–1866) to assess the presence of CFS. Criteria for identifying CFS included bone formation and/or thickening of the sinus walls. Our analysis revealed that 14 individuals (34.1%) exhibited signs of CFS in one or both frontal sinuses. We found that males exhibited a slightly higher CFS prevalence (38%) than females (32%), although no significant correlation between sex and sinusitis occurrence was found. This lack of correlation suggests equal exposure to risk factors (e.g., indoor air quality, environmental pollution, allergens, and cold weather) among both sexes.</p><p>To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to confirm the presence of CFS through CT scanning in an archaeological skeletal collection. It demonstrates that computed tomography allows for a straightforward and non-destructive detection of sinusitis in archaeological assemblages. Considering the currently limited bioarchaeological research on frontal sinusitis, our findings should be considered relevant and promising for future osteoarcheological studies on upper respiratory diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 106041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic toxicology backdates the use of coca plant (Erythroxylum spp.) in Europe to the early 1600s","authors":"Gaia Giordano ,&nbsp;Mirko Mattia ,&nbsp;Lucie Biehler‐Gomez ,&nbsp;Michele Boracchi ,&nbsp;Alessandro Porro ,&nbsp;Francesco Sardanelli ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Slavazzi ,&nbsp;Paolo Maria Galimberti ,&nbsp;Domenico Di Candia ,&nbsp;Cristina Cattaneo","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cocaine hydrochloride salts are one of the most commonly used drugs of our days, yet there is very little hard evidence regarding when people started consuming such an extensively popular drug in Europe. In this paper, we report the exceptional finding of <em>Erythroxylum</em> spp. in human remains dated to the 1600's in Milan, Italy.</p><p>Toxicological analyses were performed on preserved human brains revealing the first evidence of <em>Erythroxylum</em> spp. use in Europe before the 19th century, backdating our understanding of the presence of the plant by almost two centuries. Specifically, the alkaloid of cocaine was detected in two separate biological samples and can be associated to <em>Erythroxylum</em> spp. consumption. Given that the plant was not listed inside the detailed hospital pharmacopeia, it may not have been given as a medicinal remedy but may have been used for other purposes. This study demonstrates the importance and the potential of the application of toxicological analyses to archaeological contexts and allows to backdate the arrival of the <em>Erythroxylum</em> spp. in Europe by almost two hundred years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 106040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440324001080/pdfft?md5=d7c108d7c3a14d8624f26d783da97968&pid=1-s2.0-S0305440324001080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of animal husbandry and millet agriculture in Bronze Age East-central Eurasia revealed by faunal stable isotopes at the Jirentai Goukou site, Xinjiang","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Futao Duan ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Qiurong Ruan ,&nbsp;Cheng-Bang An","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How food globalization in the Bronze Age influenced the economies and societies of regions along the Eurasian continent has attracted widespread attention. As an integral part of this food globalization, previous studies have focused on the impact of the westwards spread of millet crops on the human populations of East-Central Eurasia. However, the relationship between millet crops and key subsistence economies, such as animal husbandry, which humans rely on in East-Central Eurasia, remains unclear. Here, we carry out a new stable isotope study of 68 domesticated faunal bones from Bronze Age Jirentai Goukou site, Xinjiang, and combine about 1500 published stable isotope data of human and faunal bones to explore systemically the relationship between animal husbandry and millet agriculture in Bronze Age East-Central Eurasia. Our study reveals first the integration of animal husbandry and millet agriculture in Bronze Age Xinjiang, which is indicated by the adoption of C₄ millet byproducts to feed domesticated sheep/goats and cattle. Further wide-range stable isotopic analysis in Bronze Age East-Central Eurasia highlights the existence of two different patterns in the relationship between animal husbandry and millet agriculture: the Central Plains pattern and the Inner Asia pattern. These differences can be expressed clearly in several aspects, including the species of domesticated herbivores fed, the degree, method and seasonality of feeding sheep/goats and cattle, and the composition of fodder. On this basis, the possible reasons for the different patterns in the relationship between millet agriculture and animal husbandry in East-Central Eurasia are further explored, such as the different histories of agricultural and pastoral development between the Central Plains and Inner Asia, the distinct characteristics of agriculture and pastoralism (sedentary and mobile), and the specific social, economic/political and geographical environments. Our study provides important information for understanding the specific impact of the globalization of millet agriculture on the animal husbandry economy in Bronze Age Eurasia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 106037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mean ridge breadth and ridge density tell the same story for ancient fingerprints: A critique of the “Age-Sex Identification Matrix” method of demographic reconstruction","authors":"Akiva Sanders ,&nbsp;Andrew Burchill","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the field of archaeological dermatoglyphics has sought to use the ridges of ancient fingerprint impressions to infer demographic information about their creators. Although such a pursuit is inherently challenging, a recent method used in publications (the “Age-Sex Identification Matrix'' approach) relies on flawed assumptions that produce unacceptably inaccurate results. Among other issues, basic mathematics, the literature cited as ostensibly supporting this method, and even the authors’ own published data contradict fundamental assumptions underlying their approach. The two types of fingerprint measurements used in the Age-Sex Identification Matrix approach as proxies for age and sex respectively—mean ridge breadth (distance per ridge) and ridge density (ridges per distance)—are reciprocal values that are not independent. Additionally, in opposition to the methodological thesis of this approach, the previous studies cited in support of this method demonstrate, on the contrary, that both age and sex vary with both mean ridge breadth <em>and</em> ridge density. The published data used in this method also highlight the non-independent nature of the two measures. We caution other researchers to disregard the results of these studies until the data are re-analyzed with a more accurate methodology. Finally, we offer a methodology from the field of Bayesian statistics as an alternative that is able to disentangle the effects of age and sex on fingerprint ridge measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing ancient yellow colorants in painted artworks along the silk Road (6th-10th century AD)","authors":"Sihan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhang He ,&nbsp;Yumin Gao ,&nbsp;Zhibo Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Ge ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Yan ,&nbsp;Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A comprehensive analytical protocol was undertaken to elucidate the yellow colorants employed in wall paintings from the Kizil Grottoes, the Taojia Tomb, the Baiyangzhai Tomb, and polychrome figurines from the Astana Tombs, all positioned along the historical Silk Road and dating to the 6th-10th centuries AD. To unequivocally identify these colorants, multi-analytical techniques were deployed, encompassing digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS). This comprehensive approach facilitated the unambiguous identification of both inorganic pigments, specifically vanadinite, and plant-derived colorants, including gamboge (<em>Garcinia</em> sp.) and Chinese cork tree (<em>Phellodendron chinense</em>), within these archaeological artifacts. These findings not only significantly enhance our scientific understanding of the materials and techniques utilized in the creation of these wall paintings and polychrome figurines, but also shed light on the vibrant exchange of materials and technological advancements that flourished along the ancient Silk Road.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living on the edge: Abric Pizarro, a MIS 4 Neanderthal site in the lowermost foothills of the southeastern Pre-Pyrenees (Lleida, Iberian Peninsula)","authors":"Sofia C. Samper Carro ,&nbsp;Susana Vega Bolivar ,&nbsp;Jezabel Pizarro Barbera ,&nbsp;Eboni Westbury ,&nbsp;Simon Connor ,&nbsp;Ethel Allué ,&nbsp;Alfonso Benito-Calvo ,&nbsp;Lee J. Arnold ,&nbsp;Martina Demuro ,&nbsp;Gilbert J. Price ,&nbsp;Jorge Martinez-Moreno ,&nbsp;Rafael Mora","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extensive research carried out during the last 30 years in the lowermost foothills of the Southern Pyrenees has revealed the significance of this area for studying Neanderthal lifestyle and settlement histories in the Iberian Peninsula. With a large number of cave and rock shelter sites, broad-ranging chronologies, and relatively well-known sedimentation rates and environmental conditions, this enclave continues to improve our knowledge about Neanderthal behaviour in Western Europe.</p><p>Here we present the chronostratigraphic, technological, faunal, and palaeoenvironmental results from Abric Pizarro, a recently discovered site from the region. Its archaeological sequence is centred on MIS 4, a poorly known period in Neanderthal history. The application of three different dating methods (newly obtained single-grain optically stimulated luminescence and U-series fossil teeth ages, in addition to previously published thermoluminescence ages) provides an accurate chronology for a site where the exceptional preservation of faunal remains leads to significant interpretations of Neanderthal hunting abilities and adaptability. Moreover, analysis of the lithic assemblage, as well as preliminary palaeoenvironmental data, are used to provide insights into the degree to which chronocultural or palaeoenvironmental factors were responsible for some of the significant differences observed among the four archaeological units explored in Abric Pizarro to date. Our results contribute to discussion about Neanderthal resilience and their livelihood before their disappearance from the archaeological record.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440324001067/pdfft?md5=a0bfb3d98965f32e5234275e36360344&pid=1-s2.0-S0305440324001067-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-computed tomography of the fired clay venus of Dolní Věstonice (Czech Republic)","authors":"Petr Neruda ,&nbsp;Petr Hamrozi ,&nbsp;Zuzana Patáková ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Pyka ,&nbsp;František Zelenka ,&nbsp;Šárka Hladilová ,&nbsp;Martin Oliva ,&nbsp;Eva Orságová","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small figurines made from fired clay belonging to the Gravettian (Pavlovian) culture (30–25 ka cal BP) represent one of the main forms of spectacular Palaeolithic art. The most well-known example is the Venus from Dolní Věstonice I in the Czech Republic, which is the biggest and best-preserved human figurine made from clay. Due to its high cultural value, exploration of the internal structures of this figurine has represented a huge challenge, as only non-destructive methods could be applied. Thanks to tremendous technological advancements, we were able to use high-resolution micro-CT imaging. This imaging revealed the structural compositions of the ceramic paste, the technology of the statuette's shaping procedure, and the taphonomy of this piece of art. We reveal that the ceramic paste was prepared from loess sediment containing stones, microfossils, and carbonate aggregates from the basement complex as an natural admixture. The particles are randomly distributed. We did not find any bones or ivory remnants inside the body. Missing joined areas of different parts of the body of the Venus indicate that the figurine was made from a single piece of clay using the non-additive method of shaping. The internal cracks in the body of the Venus statuette represent the main feature of its taphonomy and influence the way it will be manipulated in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cranial suture obliteration patterns as an ageing method for dog crania","authors":"Robert J. Losey ,&nbsp;Tatiana Nomokonova","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most of the fundamental methods for analyzing archaeological dog remains need to be better developed. This is particularly true for methods designed to estimate age at death. Most ageing methods are either destructive and specialized or useful only for identifying juveniles. Cranial suture closure and obliteration patterning are commonly examined to estimate the general age at death of human remains but have seen little use in zooarchaeology. This study develops a simple and non-destructive ageing method based on a suture and synchondrosis obliteration using a sample of over 700 modern dog crania. Scoring the extent of obliteration of individual sutures provides a valuable means of differentiating adult and juvenile crania. Combining the scores for multiple sutures permits the assignment of dog crania to an age group, albeit with less certainty among middle-aged and older adults. Breed, crania shape, sex, and body size all likely create variation in suture obliteration patterns and their relationships to dog age. The method should be used conservatively and in combination with other ageing methods when possible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440324001031/pdfft?md5=49c934e3e3fc2007ceed0ebbc7a15900&pid=1-s2.0-S0305440324001031-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}