Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献

{"title":"The 12th century bronze doors of Bonanno di Pisa in Monreale and Pisa: Materials and manufacture","authors":"M. Mödlinger ,&nbsp;M. Bassi ,&nbsp;J. Bontadi ,&nbsp;M. Fellin ,&nbsp;M. Fera ,&nbsp;M. Negri ,&nbsp;C. Usai ,&nbsp;J. Utz ,&nbsp;G. Ghiara","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bonanno di Pisa is, next to Barisano di Trani and Oderisius of Benevento, amongst the most renowned mediaeval Italian bronze casters. Bonanno is responsible for the biggest mediaeval metal door, the almost 8 m high main door of the Cathedral of Monreale, Sicily, built in 1185/1186, and the San Ranieri door of the Cathedral of Pisa, Tuscany, finished in 1180. He was also responsible for the Porta Reale (also Cathedral of Pisa; 1179/1180), which was destroyed in the 1595 fire. Contemporary doors made of bronze or brass are rare: from the 12th century, only about 17 doors are still preserved, nevertheless being part of the biggest complex of mediaeval monumental bronzes. In this paper, the chemical composition as well as manufacturing and assembling of the two preserved doors are discussed. Both the Pisa and Monreale doors were made of leaded tin bronze. In the case of Monreale, chemical analysis confirmed the art historical suspicion that the central leaf was not from Bonanno's workshop, as indicated by a different style and chemical composition. We also identified the types of wood used for the wooden elements of the doors, mainly silver fir (Monreale) and elm (Pisa).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New evidence of the supra-regional marble trade network in Thrace, through the archaeometric study of sculptures in Roman Philippopolis","authors":"Vasiliki Anevlavi ,&nbsp;Walter Prochaska ,&nbsp;Petya Andreeva ,&nbsp;Sabine Ladstätter","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current assessment of marble sources in the Mediterranean, drawing from prior publications, reveals notable disparities in the distribution of raw materials across the region. Specifically, data on marble sources in the Balkans, including the Roman province of Thrace, are notably underrepresented, stressing the need for a more comprehensive analysis. Marble provenance studies contribute to a better understanding of the economy and the societal structure of the area and may serve as a model for other larger-scale research of local quarries and ancient sites, as well as the connections and the long-distance trade and sub-regional/regional marble markets. The case study of Philippopolis (mod. Plovdiv, Bulgaria) projects the phenomenon of ‘localism’ by prioritising the local raw material, the local production and consumption of goods. However, on certain occasions, the province kept its connectivity with large marble producers of the Eastern Mediterranean, such as Prokonnesos, Aphrodisias, Penteli, etc., for specific artefacts (e.g., sculptures). Employing a diverse array of methodologies, including stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), multi-trace element analysis through ICP-MS, and petrography, enables the identification of the provenance of these samples. This study entails a deeper exploration of the relationship between producers and resources, as well as the historical evolution of marble consumption patterns in the area. Within this context, a crucial endeavour involves unravelling the mechanisms that shaped and drove the marble trade network within the confines of this Roman provincial territory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological insights into the diachrony of ancient road networks: Exploratory predictive modelling in the Andean highlands","authors":"Thibault Saintenoy ,&nbsp;Marcos Llobera ,&nbsp;Nicolas M. Thiéry ,&nbsp;Marta Crespo Fernández ,&nbsp;Pastor Fábrega-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Rubén Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the footprint of the movements and interactions that shape territories, road networks constitute a key archaeological feature for studying long term territorial dynamics. However, most archaeological research has focused on individual routes at specific periods, and little has been done so far to research road networks' long-term evolution at a regional scale. While the widespread availability of high-resolution aerial imagery facilitates recording ancient road networks in details, their chronological diagnostic remains challenging since road architecture is generally not a reliable proxy and direct stratigraphic dating is limited to very few contexts. This paper outlines a modelling approach to assess the chronology of roads based on their topological relationship with dated settlements, an idea formulated long ago but never technically implemented so far. It presents a case study on a regional road network's evolution during the last millennium, in the arid highlands of northern Chile, which conserve abundant traces and infrastructure of the settlement patterns and movement systems of its ancient territories. The case study shows the potential of this predictive modeling approach to preliminarily assess the chronology of individual road segments, as well as to visualize and characterise the evolution of the whole network through the historical periods. The basic models implemented in this paper to derive probabilities could be further refined for more specific contexts and hypotheses, and applied to many deserts and mountain regions worldwide, where ancient roads and pathways frequently accumulate as part of long-term territorial dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the thermal synthesis conditions of Maya blue: Insights into colors, stability and clay-dye interactions","authors":"Guanzheng Zhuang ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Qian Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Yuan ,&nbsp;Maguy Jaber ,&nbsp;Francisco Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Jixing Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maya blue can be synthesized by heating a mixture of indigo and palygorskite, yet the impact of preparation conditions on its properties is not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of heating temperature (100–500 °C) and duration (1–72 h) on the color, acid resistance, solvent resistance, and photostability of Maya blue, as well as the pigment's structure and the indigo-palygorskite interaction. The reflectance spectra and CIE color parameters indicate that the optimal synthesis temperature for Maya blue lies between 100 and 200 °C, with a recommended heating time not exceeding 8 h. Increasing the temperature (up to 200 °C) enhances the green hue while diminishing the blue hue; however, temperatures above 200 °C result in significant color saturation loss. At 150 °C, extending the heating duration increases the green hue while maintaining stability after 8 h, with a corresponding reduction in the blue hue. The specific surface area, micropore volume, and X-ray diffraction results suggest that indigo molecules diffuse deeply into the palygorskite channels under heating. The infrared spectra indicate that the interaction between indigo and palygorskite appears weak, with indigo being encapsulated as stabilized monomers through intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which contributes to the greenish-blue hue and exceptional stability of Maya blue. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images confirmed the identical microstructure of Maya blue and raw palygorskite. These findings enhance the understanding of Maya blue’ preparation mechanism and may contribute to the development of organic-inorganic hybrid materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stone disc production at Pincevent (France) reveals versatile uses of colouring materials in the Late Magdalenian","authors":"Caroline Peschaux ,&nbsp;Hélène Salomon ,&nbsp;Aurélie Chassin de Kergommeaux ,&nbsp;Mickaël Baillet ,&nbsp;Olivier Bignon-Lau ,&nbsp;Pierre Bodu ,&nbsp;Elisa Caron-Laviolette ,&nbsp;Grégory Debout ,&nbsp;Gaëlle Dumarçay ,&nbsp;Emilie Lesvignes","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Level IV0 at Pincevent, dating from the Late Magdalenian (15-14 ka cal BP), has revealed a singular assemblage of more than 400 artefacts in colouring materials, including a unique series of perforated discs. This unusual occurrence of shaped colouring materials extends the diversity of uses and functions of these mineral resources. Using a combination of non-invasive petrographic analysis and detailed study of traces of anthropogenic modifications, we identified the nature, provenance and petrophysical properties of the rocks used, as well as the techniques employed to work them and their possible uses. The results show a variety of mineral materials employed – consisting of oolitic hematites, fine hematites, ferruginous sandstone and chalk – to produce a wide range of colours, including red and yellow as well as white. Disc shaping involves techniques adapted to mineral materials, such as knapping, as evidenced here for the first time on colouring materials. Several examples of the recycling of broken discs into new discs or into colouring powder attest to the versatile use of colouring materials and highlight their incorporation into various fields of decorative, technical and domestic activities during the Upper Palaeolithic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 106152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and validity in determining the relative chronology between neighbouring scars on flint artefacts","authors":"Małgorzata Kot ,&nbsp;Jerzy Tyszkiewicz ,&nbsp;Michał Leloch ,&nbsp;Natalia Gryczewska ,&nbsp;Sebastian Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aimed to experimentally test the credibility of the diacritic analysis, which is one of the methods used to study lithic knapping technology. A series of blind tests conducted by lithic experts and students on experimentally knapped artefacts were used to estimate the reliability and validity of the method. The estimated average error rate was 21%, although it was smaller among the experts in the method (15%) and higher (25%) for the beginners. Further analyses indicated that the errors were not made randomly but concentrated in challenging spots. We additionally tested several factors that might influence the difficulty of identifying the scar chronology and, therefore, suggested a set of actions that can prevent errors when determining the relative chronology of scars on lithic artefacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 106156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for discrete ochre exploitation 35,000 years ago in West Africa","authors":"Laure Dayet ,&nbsp;María Lorenzo Martínez ,&nbsp;Katja Douze ,&nbsp;Matar Ndiaye ,&nbsp;Chantal Tribolo ,&nbsp;Michel Rasse ,&nbsp;Laurent Lespez ,&nbsp;François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec ,&nbsp;Viola C. Schmid ,&nbsp;Sarah Davidoux ,&nbsp;Brice Lebrun ,&nbsp;Benoît Chevrier ,&nbsp;Charlotte Pruvost ,&nbsp;Eric Huysecom","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite new impetus for Late Pleistocene research in West Africa, little is known about the range of Middle Stone Age behaviours in this region. Yet, the multiplicity of Middle Stone Age lithic technologies testifies to significant behavioural and demographic dynamics, marked by innovation and adaptability. Here, we present the first in-depth analysis of ochre remains in West Africa. New data from Toumboura III site, eastern Senegal, dated between 40 ± 3 and 30 ± 3 ka, point towards the use of ochre pieces as part of an occasional and specialized ochre crushing activity, probably dedicated to the production of powders, as well as the use of ochre sticks. Ochre pieces were studied at both macro and microscopic levels and while some of this iron-rich material likely accumulated in the deposits without anthropogenic intervention, another significant set of ochre pieces was found that was likely processed <em>in situ</em>. The impact scars on the pieces are not as striking as grinding traces for evidencing human exploitation. Nonetheless, they cannot be explained by natural phenomena. These remains could represent the earliest known evidence of ochre exploitation in Senegal. They potentially open new perspectives on symbolic behaviours in the Middle Stone Age of West Africa. They show that the full range of human behaviours in this region is yet far from being captured.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 106150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking 4000 years of raptor diets through isotope analysis reveals urban scavenging with implications for conservation","authors":"Juliette Waterman ,&nbsp;Stuart Black ,&nbsp;Naomi Sykes ,&nbsp;William F. Mills ,&nbsp;Sean Doherty ,&nbsp;Hannah Britton ,&nbsp;Riley Smallman ,&nbsp;Alison Sheridan ,&nbsp;Andrew C. Kitchener ,&nbsp;Mark D.E. Fellowes","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Birds of prey (‘raptors’) often consume anthropogenic foods and can be closely associated with human settlements. In medieval Britain, birds of prey were commensal animals, especially in towns where biological waste was abundant. However, the antiquity of this relationship has not been well explored. In this study, we used stable isotopes of carbon (<em>δ</em>¹³C) and nitrogen (<em>δ</em>¹⁵N) in bone collagen to investigate the dietary niches of red kites <em>Milvus milvus</em>, common buzzards <em>Buteo buteo</em> and white-tailed eagles <em>Haliaeetus albicilla</em> of Chalcolithic or Early Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and medieval periods from archaeological sites across southern and midland England and in Orkney (Scotland). Stable isotope values of raptor bones recovered from Iron Age Danebury, Roman Winchester, and medieval Oxford were consistent with the exploitation of livestock waste from food produced for human inhabitants. Combining all samples, bone collagen <em>δ</em>¹³C values were significantly less negative and <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values significantly higher in red kites and common buzzards from archaeological sites across Iron Age, Roman and medieval England than those of modern birds (dating from the late 20th and 21st centuries), and both species showed greater variability among individuals. The diets of historic birds may include prey from higher trophic levels and reflect a more generalist strategy. These data are consistent with the consumption of larger quantities of anthropogenic food waste including carrion from scavengers and slaughtered and farmed livestock animals, which is reduced in volume in today's landscapes. Archaeological raptors may also have exploited a wider range of scavenged or hunted prey in the absence of rabbits <em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>, a key prey item for modern-day raptors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 106147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond baselines of performance: Beta regression models of compositional variability in craft production studies","authors":"Jasmine Vieri ,&nbsp;Enrico R. Crema ,&nbsp;María Alicia Uribe Villegas ,&nbsp;Juanita Sáenz Samper ,&nbsp;Marcos Martinón-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical analyses of archaeological artefacts are often used for provenance studies and for assessing whether specific performance characteristics were targeted by craftspeople in the past. Traditionally, the answers to these questions were sought by identifying compositional averages and by studying their correlations with either the geochemical signatures of candidate raw material sources or the corresponding physical or chemical properties of the studied materials. However useful, this approach only exploits part of the potential information locked inside the chemical compositions of archaeological artefacts. We argue that different levels of compositional dispersion observed within and across archaeological assemblages, and in particular changes in them as a function of behaviourally meaningful factors (such as the size, function, or recovery location of the objects), are sources of information in themselves. To gain probabilistic insights into both types of variability (averages and dispersions) simultaneously, we introduce variable dispersion beta regression models for the archaeological sciences. In doing so, we show how adopting the beta distribution provides a significantly improved alternative to previous solutions to modelling compositional data within the field — namely, those involving simple linear regression on log-transformed data. These approaches often result in numerically impossible predictions, whilst beta regression restricts the model predictions between the upper and lower compositional bounds, accounts for the inherently inconsistent variances of compositional data, and explicitly permits the modelling of compositional dispersions as a function of covariates. Finally, we expand upon this toolset by showing how using a hierarchical model specification within the framework accounts for both local variation and more widely shared practices of material processing and procurement concurrently, and alleviates issues to do with sampling uncertainty. We demonstrate the proposed approach with a study of Muisca gold procurement practices (AD 600–1600) in the Eastern Highlands of Colombia, based on a dataset of 243 elemental analyses. The results allow us to argue for intra-regional movements of fresh geological gold imported from a variety of distant sources. We suggest these movements could result from contributions of gold by people converging into the same location for festivities. The approaches taken to modelling compositional data are readily applicable to other sub-disciplines of the archaeological sciences, such as compositional studies of ceramics and glass, or modelling the variability of diets in isotopic studies (see Supplementary Material S0 for an extended summary in Spanish).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insects in the far West: Burial practices on El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain; ca. 6th-11th centuries) reconstructed via funerary archaeoentomology","authors":"Pedro Henríquez-Valido ,&nbsp;Jonathan Santana ,&nbsp;Aarón Morquecho-Izquier ,&nbsp;Amelia Rodríguez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Jean-Bernard Huchet","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Canary Islands were first settled by North African groups in the first millennium CE and, after a few centuries of interconnections with the mainland and between islands, remained isolated until the late medieval European expansion into the Atlantic. El Hierro is a small island located in the westernmost part of the archipelago that was inhabited by the <em>bimbapes</em> from the 2nd century CE until the 15th century European conquest. The archaeological records, including marine food processing sites and cave burials, illustrate their adaptation to the environment: the dependence on marine resources for its economy owing the island's isolation and the scarcity of arable land and the use of the natural landscape to dispose of deads. La Lajura Cave, a collective burial site used from the 6th to 11th centuries CE, revealed significant anthropological and entomological findings. The archaeoentomological analysis of the sediment samples revealed 5816 insect remains, primarily Diptera and Coleoptera, with relatively small numbers of Hymenoptera, Heteroptera, Lepidoptera, and Arachnida. These findings shed light on decomposition processes and funerary practices as well as the distribution of the cadaveric entomofauna present in the western limit of the Palearctic region before the modern era. This study highlights the role of insects in cadaveric decomposition and their ecological behaviors, offering valuable insights into the funerary practices of <em>Bimbape</em> society in a unique ecological context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 106120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}